Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
23 (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total
22.8 million (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadcast media
state-controlled broadcast media, with oversight from the Ministry of Information and Communication (MIC); state-controlled national TV provider, Vietnam Television (VTV), has several channels with regional broadcasting centers; law limits access to satellite TV, but many access foreign programming via home satellite equipment; state-controlled Voice of Vietnam, the national radio broadcaster, broadcasts on several channels and is repeated on AM, FM, and shortwave stations (2018)
Communications: Internet country code
.vn
Communications: Internet users: percent of population
84.15% (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
2 (2023 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions
2.316 million (2023 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
128 (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions
129 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Agricultural products
rice, vegetables, sugarcane, cassava, maize, pork, fruits, bananas, coconuts, coffee (2023)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on alcohol and tobacco
1.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on food
34.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: expenditures
$83.707 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Budget: revenues
$68.818 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2013
$7.745 billion (2013 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2014
$9.359 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2015
-$2.041 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2016
$625.0 million (2016 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2017
-$1.649 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2018
$5.899 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2019
$13.101 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2020
$15.060 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2021
-$4.628 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2022
$1.402 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2023
$25.793 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2024
$28.047 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2022
$146.622 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2023
$34.426 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates
24164.886 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Currency
dong (VND) per US dollar -
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2013
20933.417 (2013 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2014
21148.000 (2014 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2015
21697.568 (2015 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2016
21935.001 (2016 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2017
22370.087 (2017 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2018
22602.050 (2018 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2019
23050.242 (2019 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2020
23208.368 (2020 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2021
23159.783 (2021 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2022
23271.213 (2022 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2023
23787.319 (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2024
24164.886 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exports - commodities
broadcasting equipment, garments, integrated circuits, machine parts, footwear (2023)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2011
$105.594 billion (2011 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2014
$162.479 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2015
$174.474 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2016
$190.527 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2017
$230.042 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2018
$261.803 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2019
$284.737 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2020
$292.480 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2021
$343.937 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2022
$385.241 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2023
$374.986 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2024
$429.383 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: exports of goods and services
86.5% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: government consumption
8.8% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption
54.3% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: imports of goods and services
-78.4% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in fixed capital
30.1% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in inventories
1.5% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture
11.9% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: industry
37.6% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: services
42.4% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - per capita (PPP)
$16,386 (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (official exchange rate)
$476.388 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (purchasing power parity) - real
$1.655 trillion (2024 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016
35.3 (2016 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018
35.7 (2018 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020
36.8 (2020 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022
36.1 (2022 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%
28.1% (2022 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%
2.6% (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports - commodities
integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment, fabric, plastics, telephones (2023)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2010
$88.029 billion (2010 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2015
$172.245 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2016
$183.315 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2017
$222.881 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2018
$248.831 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2019
$265.976 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2020
$273.356 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2021
$340.182 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2022
$369.746 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2023
$339.785 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2024
$398.672 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Industrial production growth rate
8.2% (2024 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015
0.63% (2015 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016
2.67% (2016 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017
3.52% (2017 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018
3.54% (2018 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019
2.80% (2019 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020
3.22% (2020 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021
1.83% (2021 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
3.16% (2022 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
3.25% (2023 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
3.62% (2024 est.)
Economy: Labor force
57.133 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Population below poverty line
4.20% (2022 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2017
58.5% of GDP (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014
$668.975 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015
$712.101 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016
$787.205 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017
$872.747 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019
$1.072 trillion (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020
$1.139 trillion (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021
$1.192 trillion (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$1.294 trillion (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$1.359 trillion (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$1.456 trillion (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2015
6.99% (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2016
6.69% (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2017
6.94% (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2018
7.47% (2018 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2019
7.36% (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2020
2.87% (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2021
2.55% (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2022
8.54% (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2023
5.07% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024
7.09% (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2014
$7,297 (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2015
$7,672 (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2016
$8,375 (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2017
$9,170 (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2019
$11,029 (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2020
$11,609 (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2021
$12,049 (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2022
$13,905 (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2023
$15,034 (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2021
3.5% of GDP (2021 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2022
3.2% of GDP (2022 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2023
3.2% of GDP (2023 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2015
$28.250 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2016
$36.527 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2017
$49.076 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2018
$55.453 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2019
$78.335 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020
$94.834 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021
$109.371 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$86.54 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$92.238 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$83.082 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2019
1.68% (2019 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2020
2.10% (2020 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2021
2.38% (2021 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2022
1.57% (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2023
1.65% (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024
1.60% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): female
6.6% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): male
7% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total
6.8% (2024 est.)
Energy: Coal: consumption
96.099 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: exports
815,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: imports
43.637 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: production
51.519 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: proven reserves
3.116 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: biomass and waste
1.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels
50.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: hydroelectricity
34.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: solar
9.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: wind
4.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: consumption
277.501 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: exports
933.237 million kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: imports
3.106 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: installed generating capacity
85.725 million kW (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: transmission/distribution losses
18.197 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023
40.263 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: consumption
7.48 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: production
7.48 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: proven reserves
699.426 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: crude oil estimated reserves
4.4 billion barrels (2021 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption
544,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: total petroleum production
187,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from coal and metallurgical coke
218.502 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from consumed natural gas
14.52 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from petroleum and other liquids
72.383 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions
305.404 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Climate
tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (May to September) and warm, dry season (October to March)
Environment: Environmental issues
deforestation and soil degradation from logging and slash-and-burn agriculture; water pollution; overfishing; groundwater contamination limits potable water supply; air pollution
Environment: Geoparks: global geoparks and regional networks
Dak Nong; Dong Van Karst Plateau; Lang Son; Non nuoc Cao Bang (2025)
Environment: Geoparks: total global geoparks and regional networks
4 (2025)
Environment: International environmental agreements: party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands
Environment: International environmental agreements: signed, but not ratified
none of the selected agreements
Environment: Land use: agricultural land
39.2% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 21.5% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 15.7% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 2% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: forest
47% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: other
13.7% (2023 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: agriculture
2,146.3 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: energy
806.7 kt (2022-2024 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: other
40.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: waste
683.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Particulate matter emissions
20.9 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Environment: Total renewable water resources
884.12 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: agricultural
77.75 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: industrial
3.074 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: municipal
1.206 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
2.7% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: urban population
38.49% (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually
9.57 million tons (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: percent of municipal solid waste recycled
46% (2022 est.)
Geography: Area - comparative
about three times the size of Tennessee; slightly larger than New Mexico
Geography: Area: land
310,070 sq km
Geography: Area: water
21,140 sq km
Geography: Coastline
3,444 km (excludes islands)
Geography: Elevation: highest point
Fan Si Pan 3,144 m
Geography: Elevation: lowest point
South China Sea 0 m
Geography: Elevation: mean elevation
398 m
Geography: Geographic coordinates
16 10 N, 107 50 E
Geography: Geography - note
note 1: extending 1,650 km (1,025 mi) north to south, the country is only 50 km (31 mi) across at its narrowest point note 2: Son Doong in Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park is the world's largest cave (greatest cross-sectional area) and is the largest known cave passage in the world by volume at 38.5 million cu m (about 1.35 billion cu ft); it connects to Thoong cave, but not yet officially -- when recognized, it will add an additional 1.6 million cu m; it is so massive that it contains its own jungle, underground river, and localized weather system, with clouds forming inside the cave and spewing from its exits
Geography: Irrigated land
46,000 sq km (2012)
Geography: Land boundaries: border countries
Cambodia 1,158 km; China 1,297 km; Laos 2,161 km
Geography: Land boundaries: total
4,616 km
Geography: Land use: agricultural land
39.2% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 21.5% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 15.7% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 2% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: forest
47% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: other
13.7% (2023 est.)
Geography: Major rivers (by length in km)
Sông Tiên Giang (Mekong) river mouth (shared with China [s], Burma, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia) - 4,350 km; Pearl river source (shared with China [m]) - 2,200 km; Red river mouth (shared with China [s]) - 1,149 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Geography: Major watersheds (area sq km): Pacific Ocean drainage
Mekong (805,604 sq km)
Geography: Map references
Southeast Asia
Geography: Maritime claims: contiguous zone
24 nm
Geography: Maritime claims: continental shelf
200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Geography: Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone
200 nm
Geography: Maritime claims: territorial sea
12 nm
Geography: Natural hazards
occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding, especially in the Mekong River delta
Geography: Population distribution
though it has one of the highest population densities in the world, the population is not evenly dispersed; clustering is heaviest along the South China Sea and Gulf of Tonkin, with the Mekong Delta (in the south) and the Red River Valley (in the north) having the largest concentrations of people
Geography: Terrain
low, flat delta in south and north; central highlands; hilly, mountainous in far north and northwest
Government: Administrative divisions
58 provinces ( tinh , singular and plural) and 5 municipalities ( thanh pho , singular and plural) provinces: An Giang, Bac Giang, Bac Kan, Bac Lieu, Bac Ninh, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Ben Tre, Binh Dinh, Binh Duong, Binh Phuoc, Binh Thuan, Ca Mau, Cao Bang, Dak Lak, Dak Nong, Dien Bien, Dong Nai, Dong Thap, Gia Lai, Ha Giang, Ha Nam, Ha Tinh, Hai Duong, Hau Giang, Hoa Binh, Hung Yen, Khanh Hoa, Kien Giang, Kon Tum, Lai Chau, Lam Dong, Lang Son, Lao Cai, Long An, Nam Dinh, Nghe An, Ninh Binh, Ninh Thuan, Phu Tho, Phu Yen, Quang Binh, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Quang Ninh, Quang Tri, Soc Trang, Son La, Tay Ninh, Thai Binh, Thai Nguyen, Thanh Hoa, Thua Thien-Hue, Tien Giang, Tra Vinh, Tuyen Quang, Vinh Long, Vinh Phuc, Yen Bai municipalities: Can Tho, Da Nang, Ha Noi (Hanoi), Hai Phong, Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon)
Government: Capital: etymology
the name means "inside the river," from the Vietnamese words ha (river) and noi (inside), and refers to its location in a bend of the Red River
Government: Capital: geographic coordinates
21 02 N, 105 51 E
Government: Capital: time difference
UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by birth
no
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of Vietnam
Government: Citizenship: dual citizenship recognized
no
Government: Citizenship: residency requirement for naturalization
5 years
Government: Constitution: amendment process
proposed by the president, by the National Assembly’s Standing Committee, or by at least two thirds of the National Assembly membership; a decision to draft an amendment requires approval by at least a two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership, followed by the formation of a constitutional drafting committee to write a draft and collect citizens’ opinions; passage requires at least two-thirds majority of the Assembly membership; the Assembly can opt to conduct a referendum
Government: Constitution: history
several previous; latest adopted 28 November 2013, effective 1 January 2014
Government: Country name: abbreviation
SRV
Government: Country name: conventional short form
Vietnam
Government: Country name: etymology
the name translates as "Viet south;" Viet is an ethnic term of unknown origin that dates back to ancient times, and nam (south) refers to the country's location
Government: Country name: former
Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam), Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam)
Government: Country name: local long form
Cong Hoa Xa Hoi Chu Nghia Viet Nam
Government: Country name: local short form
Viet Nam
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Marc KNAPPER (since 11 February 2022)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: consulate(s) general
Ho Chi Minh City
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: email address and website
ACShanoi@state.gov https://vn.usembassy.gov/
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy
7 Lang Ha Street, Hanoi
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: FAX
[84] (24) 3850-5010
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: mailing address
4550 Hanoi Place, Washington, DC 20521-4550
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: telephone
[84] (24) 3850-5000
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery
1233 20th Street NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20036
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Nguyen Quoc DZUNG (since 19 April 2022)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s)
New York
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s) general
Houston, San Francisco
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: email address and website
vanphong@vietnamembassy.us http://vietnamembassy-usa.org/
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX
[1] (202) 861-0917
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: telephone
[1] (202) 861-0737
Government: Executive branch: cabinet
Cabinet proposed by the prime minister, confirmed by the National Assembly, and appointed by the president
Government: Executive branch: chief of state
President Luong CUONG (since 21 Oct 2024)
Government: Executive branch: election/appointment process
president indirectly elected by the National Assembly from among its members for a single 5-year term; prime minister recommended by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly; deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly
Government: Executive branch: head of government
Prime Minister Pham Minh CHINH (since 26 July 2021)
Government: Flag
description: red field with a five-pointed yellow star in the center meaning: red stands for revolution and blood, and the five-pointed star for the five elements of the populace -- peasants, workers, intellectuals, traders, and soldiers -- that unite to build socialism
Government: International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Government: International organization participation
ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, CICA, CP, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (2024)
Government: Judicial branch: highest court(s)
Supreme People's Court (consists of the chief justice and 13 judges)
Government: Judicial branch: judge selection and term of office
chief justice elected by the National Assembly upon the recommendation of the president for a 5-year, renewable term; deputy chief justice appointed by the president from among the judges for a 5-year term; judges appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly for 5-year terms
Government: Judicial branch: subordinate courts
High Courts (administrative, civil, criminal, economic, labor, family, juvenile); provincial courts; district courts; Military Court
Government: Legal system
civil law system with European influences
Government: Legislative branch: electoral system
plurality/majority
Government: Legislative branch: expected date of next election
March 2026
Government: Legislative branch: legislative structure
unicameral
Government: Legislative branch: legislature name
National Assembly (Quoc-Hoi)
Government: Legislative branch: most recent election date
5/23/2021
Government: Legislative branch: number of seats
500 (all directly elected)
Government: Legislative branch: parties elected and seats per party
Communist Party (485); Other (14)
Government: Legislative branch: percentage of women in chamber
31.4%
Government: Legislative branch: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch: term in office
5 years
Government: National anthem(s): history
adopted as the national anthem of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945; it became the national anthem of the unified Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1976; only the first verse is used as the official anthem
Government: National anthem(s): lyrics/music
Nguyen Van CAO
Government: National color(s)
red, yellow
Government: National heritage: selected World Heritage Site locales
Complex of Hué Monuments (c); Ha Long Bay (n); Hoi An Ancient Town (c); My Son Sanctuary (c); Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park (n); Imperial Citadel of Thang Long - Hanoi (c); Citadel of the Ho Dynasty (c); Trang An Landscape Complex (m); Yen Tu-Vinh Nghiem-Con Son, Kiep Bac Complex of Monuments and Landscapes (c)
Government: National heritage: total World Heritage Sites
9 (6 cultural, 2 natural, 1 mixed)
Government: National holiday
Independence Day (National Day), 2 September (1945)
Government: National symbol(s)
five-pointed yellow star on a red field, lotus blossom
Government: Political parties
Communist Party of Vietnam or CPV
Government: Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Introduction: Background
Vietnam's early history included periods of occupation by outside forces and eventual power consolidation under Vietnamese dynastic families. A succession of Han Chinese emperors ruled the area, which was centered on the Red River Valley, until approximately the 10th century. The Ly Dynasty (11th-13th century) created the first independent Vietnamese state, which was known as Dai Viet, and established their capital at Thang Long (Hanoi). Under the Tran Dynasty (13th-15th century), TRAN Hung Dao, one of Vietnam’s national heroes, led Dai Viet forces to fight off Mongol invaders in 1279. After a brief Chinese occupation in the early 1400s, Vietnamese resistance leader LE Thai To made himself emperor and established the Le Dynasty, which lasted until the late 18th century despite decades of political turmoil, civil war, and division. During this period, Dai Viet expanded southward to the Central Highlands and Mekong Delta, reaching the approximate boundaries of modern-day Vietnam by the 1750s. Dai Viet suffered additional civil war and division in the latter half of the 18th century, but it was reunited and renamed Vietnam under Emperor NGUYEN Phuc Anh (aka Gia Long) in 1802. France began its conquest of Vietnam in 1858 and made Vietnam part of French Indochina in 1887. Vietnam declared independence after World War II, but the French continued to rule until communist forces under Ho Chi MINH defeated them in 1954. Under the Geneva Accords of 1954, Vietnam was divided into the communist North and anti-communist South. Fighting erupted between the two governments shortly afterwards with the North supporting communist rebels in the South and eventually committing thousands of combat troops. The US provided to the South significant economic and military assistance, including large numbers of US military forces, which reached a peak strength of over 500,000 troops in 1968. US combat forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire agreement in 1973. Two years later, North Vietnamese forces overran the South, reuniting the country under communist rule. The conflict, known as the Second Indochina War (1955-1975), devastated Vietnam, spilled over into the neighboring countries of Cambodia and Laos, and is estimated to have resulted in the deaths of up to 3 million Vietnamese civilians and soldiers. It also caused more than 58,000 US combat and non-combat deaths and created deep domestic divisions in the US. Despite the return of peace, the country experienced little economic growth for over a decade because of its diplomatic isolation, leadership policies, and the persecution and mass exodus of citizens, many of them successful South Vietnamese merchants. However, since the enactment of Vietnam's "doi moi" (renovation) policy in 1986, the economy has seen strong growth, particularly in agricultural and industrial production, construction, exports, foreign investment, and tourism. Nevertheless, the Communist Party maintains tight political and social control of the country, and Vietnam faces many related challenges, such as rising income inequality and corruption.
Military and Security: Military - note
since withdrawing its military occupation forces from Cambodia in the late 1980s and the end of Soviet aid in 1991, Vietnam has practiced a non-aligned foreign policy and security doctrine known as the "Four Nos" (no alliances, no siding with one country against another, no foreign bases, and no using force in international relations); despite longstanding tensions with Beijing over maritime boundaries in the South China Sea, Vietnam puts a priority on stable relations with China, given its proximity, size, and status as Vietnam's largest trading partner the responsibilities of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) include protecting the country's independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity, and national interests, as well as assisting civilian authorities with natural disasters; in recent years, the PAVN has placed additional emphasis on protecting Vietnam's interests in the disputed South China Sea; the military is also involved in economic projects, such as electrical infrastructure, oil and gas services, hydroelectric projects, aviation and seaport services, telecommunications, and the shipbuilding industry, while military-owned factories and enterprises produce weapons and equipment (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security forces
People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN; aka Vietnam People's Army, VPA): Ground Forces (Army), Navy (includes naval infantry), Air Defense - Air Force, Vietnam Border Guard, Vietnam Coast Guard Vietnam People's Ministry of Public Security; Vietnam Civil Defense Force (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 450,000 active-duty People's Army of Vietnam (2025)
Military and Security: Military deployments
200 Abyei/South Sudan/Sudan (UNISFA) (2025)
Military and Security: Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the PAVN is equipped largely with armaments from Russia and the former Soviet Union; in recent years, Vietnam has moved to diversify its arms suppliers and has acquired items from countries such as India, Israel, the Netherlands, South Korea, and the US; Vietnam has a small defense industry involved in the manufacture of small arms, ground combat vehicles, and naval systems (2025)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2015
1.91% (2015 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2016
1.95% (2016 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2017
1.80% (2017 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2018
1.81% (2018 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2019
2.3% of GDP (2019 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2020
2.4% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2021
2.3% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2022
2.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2023
1.8% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military and Security: Military service age and obligation
18-27 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service for men and women (in practice only men are drafted); service obligation is 24-36 months depending on the branch of service (including Coast Guard and Ministry of Public Security) (2025)
People and Society: Age structure: 0-14 years
23.2% (male 12,953,719/female 11,579,690)
People and Society: Age structure: 15-64 years
68.5% (male 36,591,845/female 35,887,201)
People and Society: Age structure: 65 years and over
8.3% (2024 est.) (male 3,563,611/female 5,182,909)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: beer
3.18 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: spirits
0.21 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: total
3.41 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: wine
0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Birth rate
14.58 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Child marriage: men married by age 18
1.9% (2021)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 15
1.1% (2021)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 18
14.6% (2021)
People and Society: Children under the age of 5 years underweight
9.7% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Current health expenditure
4.56% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Currently married women (ages 15-49)
72.8% (2021 est.)
People and Society: Death rate
5.81 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: elderly dependency ratio
12.8 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: potential support ratio
7.8 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio
46.4 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: youth dependency ratio
33.6 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: rural
rural: 97.2% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: total
total: 98% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: urban
urban: 99.1% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: rural
rural: 2.8% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: total
total: 2% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: urban
urban: 0.9% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP)
2.9% of GDP (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% national budget)
15.4% national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditures
2.89% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Ethnic groups
Kinh (Viet) 85.3%, Tay 1.9%, Thai 1.9%, Muong 1.5%, Khmer 1.4%, Mong 1.4%, Nung 1.1%, other 5.5% (2019 est.)
People and Society: Gross reproduction rate
0.96 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
4.6% of GDP (2021)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
10.7% of national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
0.40% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Hospital bed density
2.5 beds/1,000 population (2017 est.)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: female
13.7 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: male
14.4 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: total
12.0 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
People and Society: Languages: Languages
Vietnamese (official); English (often as a second language); some French, Chinese, and Khmer; mountain-area languages (including Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)
People and Society: Languages: major-language sample(s)
Dữ kiện thế giới, là nguồn thông tin cơ bản không thể thiếu. (Vietnamese) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: female
79.4 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: male
70.1 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: female
95.1% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: male
97.2% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: total population
96.13% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Major urban areas - population
9.321 million Ho Chi Minh City, 5.253 million HANOI (capital), 1.865 million Can Tho, 1.423 million Hai Phong, 1.221 million Da Nang, 1.111 million Bien Hoa (2023)
People and Society: Maternal mortality ratio
48 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
People and Society: Median age: female
34.2 years
People and Society: Median age: male
32 years
People and Society: Nationality: adjective
Vietnamese
People and Society: Net migration rate
-0.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Obesity - adult prevalence rate
2.1% (2016)
People and Society: Physician density
1.11 physicians/1,000 population (2021)
People and Society: Population
100,987,686 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population distribution
though it has one of the highest population densities in the world, the population is not evenly dispersed; clustering is heaviest along the South China Sea and Gulf of Tonkin, with the Mekong Delta (in the south) and the Red River Valley (in the north) having the largest concentrations of people
People and Society: Population growth rate
0.63% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population: female
53,090,385
People and Society: Population: male
53,597,784
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: rural
rural: 90.9% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: total
total: 94.4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: urban
urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: rural
rural: 9.1% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: total
total: 5.6% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: urban
urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): female
14 years (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): male
15 years (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total
14 years (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sex ratio: 0-14 years
1.12 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 15-64 years
1.02 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 65 years and over
0.69 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: at birth
1.1 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: total population
1.01 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: female
2.1% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: male
43.1% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: total
22% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Total fertility rate
1.90 children born/woman (2024 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
2.7% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: urban population
38.49% (2024 est.)
Space: Key space-program milestones
1980 - first Vietnamese astronaut/cosmonaut into space on Soviet spacecraft 2008 - first telecommunications satellite (VINASAT-1) built by US company and launched on European rocket 2012 - first educational/scientific cube satellite (F-1) built jointly with and launched by Japan; second telecommunications satellite (VINASAT-2) built by US and launched on European rocket 2013 - first domestically built remote-sensing (RS)/technology-demonstrator cube satellite (PicoDragon) launched by Japan; first RS satellite (VNREDSat-1a or Vietnam Natural Resources, Environment, and Disaster Monitoring Satellite) launched on European rocket 2016 - signed an agreement with India to establish a satellite tracking and imaging center in Ho Chi Minh City in exchange for access to Indian RS imagery 2018 - completed National Space Center in Hanoi 2021 - announced a developmental roadmap for producing “Made in Vietnam” small satellites as part of a larger effort to increase space sciences and technology through 2030; signed an agreement with Japan to increase cooperation on space defense
Space: Space agency/agencies
Vietnam National Space Center (VNSC; established 2011) (2025)
Space: Space program overview
has a growing national space program focused on acquiring, operating, and exploiting satellites, as well as expanding domestic capabilities in satellites and associated sub-system production, space sciences, and technology applications; builds and operates communications and remote sensing satellites; conducting research and development on space science and applied space technologies, such as advanced optics and space data exploitation; has worked closely with Japan on its space program; has also established relationships with the space agencies or commercial space sectors of some European countries (such as France), India, and the US (2025)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: IDPs
2,568 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees
19 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: stateless persons
20,590 (2024 est.)
Transportation: Airports
36 (2025)
Transportation: Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
VN
Transportation: Heliports
26 (2025)
Transportation: Merchant marine: by type
bulk carrier 117, container ship 45, general cargo 1,176, oil tanker 134, other 501
Transportation: Merchant marine: total
1,973 (2022)
Transportation: Ports: key ports
Da Nang, Hai Phong, Nghe Tinh, Nha Trang, Thanh Ho Chi Minh, Vinh Cam Ranh, Vung Tau
Transportation: Ports: large
0
Transportation: Ports: medium
1
Transportation: Ports: ports with oil terminals
12
Transportation: Ports: small
6
Transportation: Ports: total ports
16 (2024)
Transportation: Ports: very small
9
Transportation: Railways: narrow gauge
2,169 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge
Transportation: Railways: standard gauge
178 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge; 253 km mixed gauge
Transportation: Railways: total
2,600 km (2014)
Warning: Some information might be outdated or incorrect, please check statistics before using(most of the economical stats are correct, its mostly the Population stats that are incorrect). Some dates are listed but some are missed, if you have any issues please report it to the Github at github.com.