Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
30 (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total
10.8 million (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadcast media
state-controlled media; 17 state-owned broadcasters, including 13 TV and 4 radio, with national service; about 20 privately owned TV stations, overseen by local officials, broadcast locally; privately owned TV stations required to lease transmitters from state-owned Republic TV and Radio Industry Corporation (2019)
Communications: Internet country code
.uz
Communications: Internet users: percent of population
89.51% (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
17 (2023 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions
6.147 million (2023 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
1,110 (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions
40.2 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Agricultural products
milk, wheat, cotton, potatoes, carrots/turnips, tomatoes, grapes, watermelons, vegetables, apples (2023)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on alcohol and tobacco
3.2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on food
46.3% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: expenditures
$25.953 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: revenues
$21.565 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2013
$1.316 billion (2013 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2014
$2.076 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2015
$895.7 million (2015 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2016
$213.2 million (2016 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2017
$1.478 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2018
-$3.593 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2019
-$3.371 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2020
-$3.028 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2021
-$4.898 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2022
-$2.847 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2023
-$7.799 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2024
-$5.738 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2022
$53.593 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2023
$25.714 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates
12652.287 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Currency
Uzbekistani soum (UZS) per US dollar -
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2013
2094.988 (2013 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2014
2310.948 (2014 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2015
2567.987 (2015 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2016
2965.253 (2016 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2017
5113.879 (2017 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2018
8069.606 (2018 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2019
8836.788 (2019 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2020
10054.261 (2020 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2021
10609.464 (2021 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2022
11050.145 (2022 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2023
11734.833 (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2024
12652.287 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exports - commodities
gold, cotton yarn, garments, fertilizers, fabric (2023)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2011
$14.255 billion (2011 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2014
$12.972 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2015
$11.872 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2016
$10.623 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2017
$12.881 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2018
$14.191 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2019
$17.059 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2020
$14.561 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2021
$16.479 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2022
$20.966 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2023
$25.05 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2024
$26.173 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: exports of goods and services
22.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: government consumption
13.9% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption
68% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: imports of goods and services
-38% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in fixed capital
37.1% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in inventories
-3.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture
18.3% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: industry
31.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: services
45.2% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - per capita (PPP)
$11,879 (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (official exchange rate)
$114.965 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (purchasing power parity) - real
$431.926 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021
32.9 (2021 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022
31.2 (2022 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2023
34.5 (2023 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2024
34.6 (2024 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%
25.3% (2023 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%
2.1% (2023 est.)
Economy: Imports - commodities
cars, vehicle parts/accessories, packaged medicine, refined petroleum, aircraft (2023)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2010
$12.428 billion (2010 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2015
$14.638 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2016
$14.522 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2017
$16.785 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2018
$23.456 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2019
$26.658 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2020
$22.681 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2021
$27.960 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2022
$35.643 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2023
$42.646 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2024
$43.624 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Industrial production growth rate
7.2% (2024 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015
8.75% (2015 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016
8.13% (2016 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017
13.88% (2017 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018
17.52% (2018 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019
14.53% (2019 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020
12.87% (2020 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021
10.85% (2021 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
11.45% (2022 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
9.96% (2023 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
9.63% (2024 est.)
Economy: Labor force
13.974 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Population below poverty line
11% (2023 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2016
10.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014
$199.767 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015
$209.082 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016
$216.467 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017
$248.763 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019
$281.653 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020
$283.863 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021
$316.674 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$335.678 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$356.797 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$379.989 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2015
7.22% (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2016
5.93% (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2017
4.40% (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2018
5.56% (2018 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2019
6.78% (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2020
1.56% (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2021
8.03% (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2022
6.00% (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2023
6.29% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024
6.50% (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2014
$6,610 (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2015
$6,800 (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2016
$6,919 (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2017
$7,818 (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2019
$8,544 (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2020
$8,452 (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2021
$9,248 (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2022
$10,293 (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2023
$11,107 (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2013
$6.442 billion (2013 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2014
$6.814 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2015
$4.843 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2020
$7.084 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2021
$9.277 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2022
17.2% of GDP (2022 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2023
13.8% of GDP (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2024
14.4% of GDP (2024 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2015
$24.287 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2016
$26.284 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2017
$28.071 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2018
$27.077 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2019
$29.291 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020
$34.903 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021
$35.375 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$35.774 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$34.558 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$41.237 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Taxes and other revenues
11.5% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2019
4.94% (2019 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2020
5.29% (2020 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2021
5.36% (2021 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2022
4.46% (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2023
4.43% (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024
4.44% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): female
18.1% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): male
7.2% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total
10.9% (2024 est.)
Energy: Coal: consumption
8.941 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: exports
4,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: imports
3.521 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: production
6.379 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: proven reserves
1.375 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels
90.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: hydroelectricity
8.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: solar
0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: consumption
75.753 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: exports
2.043 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: imports
4.977 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: installed generating capacity
17.901 million kW (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: transmission/distribution losses
3.433 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023
55.305 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: consumption
44.455 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: exports
1.308 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: imports
2.514 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: production
43.249 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: proven reserves
1.841 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: crude oil estimated reserves
594 million barrels (2021 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption
111,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: total petroleum production
64,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from coal and metallurgical coke
12.845 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from consumed natural gas
84.71 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from petroleum and other liquids
13.437 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions
110.992 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Climate
mostly mid-latitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east
Environment: Environmental issues
growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts in the shrinking Aral Sea; desertification; water pollution and soil salination from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides; soil contamination from buried nuclear processing and agricultural chemicals
Environment: International environmental agreements: party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
Environment: International environmental agreements: signed, but not ratified
none of the selected agreements
Environment: Land use: agricultural land
58.1% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 9.1% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 1% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 47.9% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: forest
8.7% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: other
31.8% (2023 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: agriculture
868.1 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: energy
848.1 kt (2022-2024 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: other
4.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: waste
261.3 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Particulate matter emissions
46.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Environment: Total renewable water resources
48.87 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: agricultural
41 billion cubic meters (2022)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: industrial
1.2 billion cubic meters (2022)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: municipal
2.3 billion cubic meters (2022)
Environment: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
1.25% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: urban population
51.00% (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually
4 million tons (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: percent of municipal solid waste recycled
31.6% (2022 est.)
Geography: Area - comparative
about four times the size of Virginia; slightly larger than California
Geography: Area: land
425,400 sq km
Geography: Area: water
22,000 sq km
Geography: Coastline
0 km (doubly landlocked)
Geography: Elevation: highest point
Xazrat Sulton Tog' 4,643 m
Geography: Elevation: lowest point
Sariqamish Kuli -12 m
Geography: Geographic coordinates
41 00 N, 64 00 E
Geography: Geography - note
along with Liechtenstein, one of the only two doubly landlocked countries in the world
Geography: Irrigated land
37,305 sq km (2022)
Geography: Land boundaries: border countries
Afghanistan 144 km; Kazakhstan 2,330 km; Kyrgyzstan 1,314 km; Tajikistan 1,312 km; Turkmenistan 1,793 km
Geography: Land boundaries: total
6,893 km
Geography: Land use: agricultural land
58.1% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 9.1% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 1% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 47.9% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: forest
8.7% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: other
31.8% (2023 est.)
Geography: Major lakes (area sq km): fresh water lake(s)
Aral Sea (shared with Kazakhstan) - largely dried up
Geography: Major rivers (by length in km)
Syr Darya (shared with Kyrgyzstan [s], Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan [m]) - 3,078 km; Amu Darya river mouth (shared with Tajikistan [s], Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan) - 2,620 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Geography: Major watersheds (area sq km): Internal (endorheic basin) drainage
(Aral Sea basin) Amu Darya (534,739 sq km), Syr Darya (782,617 sq km)
Geography: Map references
Asia
Geography: Maritime claims
none (doubly landlocked)
Geography: Natural hazards
earthquakes; floods; landslides or mudslides; avalanches; droughts
Geography: Population distribution
most of the population is concentrated in the fertile Fergana Valley in the easternmost arm of the country; the south has significant clusters of people, but the central and western deserts are sparsely populated
Geography: Terrain
mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zaravshan; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west
Government: Administrative divisions
12 provinces ( viloyatlar , singular - viloyat ), 1 autonomous republic* ( avtonom respublikasi ), and 3 cities** ( shahar ); Andijon Viloyati, Buxoro Viloyati [Bukhara Province], Farg'ona Viloyati [Fergana Province], Jizzax Viloyati, Namangan Shahri, Namangan Viloyati, Navoiy Viloyati, Qashqadaryo Viloyati (Qarshi), Qoraqalpog'iston Respublikasi [Karakalpakstan Republic]* (Nukus), Samarqand Shahri [Samarkand City], Samarqand Viloyati [Samarkand Province], Sirdaryo Viloyati (Guliston), Surxondaryo Viloyati (Termiz), Toshkent Shahri [Tashkent City]**, Toshkent Viloyati [Nurafshon], Xorazm Viloyati (Urganch)
Government: Capital: etymology
the current name of the ancient city was first used in the 11th century and comes from the Sogdian (Turkic) words tash ( stone) and kent (town); the city was first recorded in the 5th or 4th century B.C. with the name of Chach or Shash
Government: Capital: geographic coordinates
41 19 N, 69 15 E
Government: Capital: time difference
UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by birth
no
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of Uzbekistan
Government: Citizenship: dual citizenship recognized
no
Government: Citizenship: residency requirement for naturalization
5 years
Government: Constitution: amendment process
proposed by the Supreme Assembly or by referendum; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of both houses of the Assembly or passage in a referendum
Government: Constitution: history
several previous; latest adopted 8 December 1992
Government: Country name: conventional short form
Uzbekistan
Government: Country name: etymology
the name comes from the local people, the Uzbeks, whose name is said to have originated with Mongol leader Ghiyath ad-Din Muhammad UZBEK; the Persian suffix - stan means "country"
Government: Country name: former
Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
Government: Country name: local long form
O'zbekiston Respublikasi
Government: Country name: local short form
O'zbekiston
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Jonathan HENICK (since 14 October 2022)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: email address and website
ACSTashkent@state.gov https://uz.usembassy.gov/
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy
3 Moyqorghon, 5th Block, Yunusobod District, 100093 Tashkent
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: FAX
[998] 78-120-6335
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: mailing address
7110 Tashkent Place, Washington DC 20521-7110
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: telephone
[998] 78-120-5450
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery
1746 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Furqat SIDIKOV (since 19 April 2023)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s) general
New York
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: email address and website
info.washington@mfa.uz https://www.uzbekistan.org/
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX
[1] (202) 293-6804
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: telephone
[1] (202) 887-5300
Government: Executive branch: cabinet
Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president with most requiring approval of the Senate chamber of the Supreme Assembly (Oliy Majlis)
Government: Executive branch: chief of state
President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (since 14 December 2016)
Government: Executive branch: election results
2023: Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV reelected president in snap election; percent of vote - Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (LDPU) 87.7%, Robaxon Maxmudova (Adolat) 4.5%, Ulugbek Inoyatov (PDP) 4%, Abdushukur Xamzayev (Ecological Party) 3.8% 2021: Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (LDPU) 80.3%, Maqsuda VORISOVA (PDP) 6.7%, Alisher QODIROV (National Revival Democratic Party) 5.5%, Narzullo OBLOMURODOV (Ecological Party) 4.1%, Bahrom ABDUHALIMOV (Adolat) 3.4%
Government: Executive branch: election/appointment process
president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister nominated by majority party in the Supreme Assembly but appointed along with the ministers and deputy ministers by the president
Government: Executive branch: expected date of next election
2030
Government: Executive branch: head of government
Prime Minister Abdulla ARIPOV (since 14 December 2016)
Government: Executive branch: most recent election date
9 July 2023
Government: Flag
description: three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by narrow red stripes with a vertical white crescent moon and 12 five-pointed white stars in the left corner of the top band meaning: blue stands for the Turkic peoples and the sky, white for peace and the striving for purity in thoughts and deeds, and green for nature and Islam; the red stripes represent the vital force of all living organisms; the crescent stands for Islam, and the 12 stars for the months and constellations of the Uzbek calendar
Government: International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Government: International organization participation
ADB, CICA, CIS, EAEU (observer), EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EEU (observer), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Government: Judicial branch: highest court(s)
Supreme Court (consists of 67 judges organized into administrative, civil, criminal, and economic sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges)
Government: Judicial branch: judge selection and term of office
judges of the highest courts nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate of the Oliy Majlis; judges appointed for a single 10-year term; the court chairman and deputies appointed for 10-year terms without the right to reelection. (Article 132 of the constitution)
Government: Judicial branch: subordinate courts
regional, district, city, and town courts
Government: Legal system
civil law system
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: chamber name
Legislative Chamber (Qonunchilik palatasi)
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: electoral system
mixed system
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: expected date of next election
October 2029
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: most recent election date
11/7/2024 to 11/12/2024
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: number of seats
150 (all directly elected)
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: parties elected and seats per party
Movement of Entrepreneurs and Businesspeople - Liberal Democratic Party (UzLiDeP) (64); Milliy Tiklanish Democratic Party (O'zMTDP) (29); Social Democratic Party ("Adolat" SDP) (21); People's Democratic Party (XDP) (20); Ecological Party (O'EP) (16)
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: percentage of women in chamber
38%
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: term in office
5 years
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: chamber name
Senate (Senat)
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: expected date of next election
November 2029
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: most recent election date
10/27/2024
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: number of seats
65 (56 indirectly elected; 9 appointed)
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: percentage of women in chamber
24.6%
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: term in office
5 years
Government: Legislative branch: legislative structure
bicameral
Government: Legislative branch: legislature name
Supreme Assembly (Oliy Majlis)
Government: National anthem(s): history
adopted 1992; after the fall of the Soviet Union, Uzbekistan kept the music of its Soviet-era anthem but adopted new lyrics
Government: National anthem(s): lyrics/music
Abdulla ARIPOV/Mutal BURHANOV
Government: National color(s)
blue, white, red, green
Government: National heritage: selected World Heritage Site locales
Itchan Kala (c); Historic Bukhara (c); Historic Shakhrisyabz (c); Samarkand - Crossroad of Cultures (c); Western Tien Shan (n); Cold Winter Deserts of Turan (n); Silk Roads: Zarafshan-Karakum Corridor (c)
Government: National heritage: total World Heritage Sites
7 (5 cultural, 2 natural)
Government: National holiday
Independence Day, 1 September (1991)
Government: National symbol(s)
khumo (mythical bird)
Government: Political parties
Ecological Party of Uzbekistan or EPU Justice Social Democratic Party or ASDP People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan or PDP Uzbekistan Liberal Democratic Party or UzLiDep Uzbekistan National Revival Democratic Party or UzMTDP
Government: Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Introduction: Background
Uzbekistan is the geographic and population center of Central Asia, with a diverse economy and a relatively young population. Russia conquered and united the disparate territories of present-day Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after the Bolshevik Revolution was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic established in 1924. During the Soviet era, intensive production of "white gold" (cotton) and grain led to the overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, leaving the land degraded and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half-dry. Independent since the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) dissolved in 1991, the country has diversified agricultural production while developing its mineral and petroleum export capacity and increasing its manufacturing base, although cotton remains a major part of its economy. Uzbekistan’s first president, Islom KARIMOV, led Uzbekistan for 25 years until his death in 2016. His successor, former Prime Minister Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV, has improved relations with Uzbekistan’s neighbors and introduced wide-ranging economic, judicial, and social reforms. MIRZIYOYEV was reelected in 2021 with 80% of the vote and again following a 2023 constitutional referendum with 87% of the vote.
Military and Security: Military - note
the military’s responsibilities include ensuring the country’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, securing its borders, and assisting with internal security; regional security and international terrorism are areas of concern; Uzbekistan joined the Russian-sponsored Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) in the 1990s but withdrew in 1999; it returned in 2006 but left again in 2012; although not part of CSTO, Uzbekistan continues to maintain defense ties with Russia, including joint military exercises and defense industrial cooperation; it also has defense ties with other regional countries, including Azerbaijan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, and Turkey; it is part of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and participates in SCO training exercises (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security forces
Armed Forces of Uzbekistan: Army, Air and Air Defense Forces; National Guard Ministry of Internal Affairs: Internal Security Troops, Border Guards, police (2024)
Military and Security: Military and security service personnel strengths
limited available information; estimated 50,000 active Armed Forces (2025)
Military and Security: Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the Uzbek Armed Forces use mainly Russian or Soviet-era armaments with smaller quantities of items from suppliers such as China, Türkiye, and the US; Uzbekistan has a small defense industry, which is involved in repairing and maintaining aircraft and armored vehicles, as well as producing light armored vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles/drones, and other military items (2025)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2015
2.5% of GDP (2015 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2016
2.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2017
2.7% of GDP (2017 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2018
2.87% (2018 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2019
2.8% of GDP (2019 est.)
Military and Security: Military service age and obligation
18-30 for voluntary/contract service for men and women; 18-27 years of age for compulsory military service for men with a 12-month service obligation (2025)
People and Society: Age structure: 0-14 years
29.6% (male 5,597,947/female 5,213,403)
People and Society: Age structure: 15-64 years
63.7% (male 11,649,017/female 11,617,411)
People and Society: Age structure: 65 years and over
6.7% (2024 est.) (male 1,077,849/female 1,364,966)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: beer
0.18 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: spirits
2.19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: total
2.45 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: wine
0.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Birth rate
18.93 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 15
0.2% (2022)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 18
3.4% (2022)
People and Society: Children under the age of 5 years underweight
1.8% (2021 est.)
People and Society: Current health expenditure
6.74% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Currently married women (ages 15-49)
74.7% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Death rate
5 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: elderly dependency ratio
11.1 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: potential support ratio
9 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio
57.3 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: youth dependency ratio
46.3 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: rural
rural: 95.2% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: total
total: 96.6% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: urban
urban: 98% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: rural
rural: 4.8% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: total
total: 3.4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: urban
urban: 2% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP)
5.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% national budget)
22.1% national budget (2024 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditures
5.47% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Ethnic groups
Uzbek 83.8%, Tajik 4.8%, Kazakh 2.5%, Russian 2.3%, Karakalpak 2.2%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.9% (2017 est.)
People and Society: Gross reproduction rate
1.25 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
7.7% of GDP (2021)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
7.1% of national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: Hospital bed density
4.9 beds/1,000 population (2023 est.)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: female
15.1 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: male
21.1 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: total
12.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
People and Society: Languages: Languages
Uzbek (official) 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
People and Society: Languages: major-language sample(s)
Jahon faktlari kitobi, asosiy ma'lumotlar uchun zaruriy manba. (Uzbek) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: female
75.5 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: male
69.6 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: female
100% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: male
100% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: total population
100.00% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Major urban areas - population
2.603 million TASHKENT (capital) (2023)
People and Society: Maternal mortality ratio
26 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
People and Society: Median age: female
29.8 years
People and Society: Median age: male
28.1 years
People and Society: Mother's mean age at first birth
23.7 years (2019 est.)
People and Society: Nationality: adjective
Uzbekistani
People and Society: Net migration rate
-1.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Obesity - adult prevalence rate
16.6% (2016)
People and Society: Physician density
2.81 physicians/1,000 population (2021)
People and Society: Population
36,361,859 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population distribution
most of the population is concentrated in the fertile Fergana Valley in the easternmost arm of the country; the south has significant clusters of people, but the central and western deserts are sparsely populated
People and Society: Population growth rate
1.26% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Population: female
18,439,103
People and Society: Population: male
18,576,048
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: rural
rural: 98.7% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: total
total: 98.4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: urban
urban: 98.1% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: rural
rural: 1.3% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: total
total: 1.6% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: urban
urban: 1.9% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): female
13 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): male
13 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total
13 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Sex ratio: 0-14 years
1.07 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 15-64 years
1 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 65 years and over
0.79 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: at birth
1.08 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: total population
1.01 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: female
1% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: male
30.2% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: total
15.4% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Total fertility rate
2.6 children born/woman (2025 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
1.25% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: urban population
51.00% (2024 est.)
Space: Key space-program milestones
2018 - signed space cooperation agreements with France and India 2022 - signed space cooperation agreement with Kazakhstan 2025 - Uzbek engineers began two-year satellite development training program in Japan with goal of building country's first satellite; signed space cooperation agreement with South Korea; announced development of 10-year national space program
Space: Space agency/agencies
Space Research and Technology Agency (UzCosmos or UzSpace; established 2019) (2025)
Space: Space program overview
has a small but growing space effort focused on acquiring satellites and developing the country’s space industries and technologies in key sectors, including cartography, data processing, environmental and disaster monitoring, land use, resource management, and telecommunications; recognized for its astronomy program; member of international space organizations; cooperates with foreign space agencies or commercial companies from a variety of countries, including those of Canada, China, France, India, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Russia, South Korea, Spain, Turkey, and the UAE (2025)
Terrorism: Terrorist group(s)
Islamic Jihad Union (IJU); Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham - Khorasan (ISIS-K)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees
8,505 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: stateless persons
20,000 (2024 est.)
Transportation: Airports
74 (2025)
Transportation: Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
UK
Transportation: Heliports
3 (2025)
Transportation: Railways: broad gauge
4,642 km (2018) 1.520-m gauge (1,684 km electrified)
Transportation: Railways: total
4,642 km (2018)
Warning: Some information might be outdated or incorrect, please check statistics before using(most of the economical stats are correct, its mostly the Population stats that are incorrect). Some dates are listed but some are missed, if you have any issues please report it to the Github at github.com.