Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
34.74 (2024, World Bank)
Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total
10.8 million (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadcast media
state-controlled media; 17 state-owned broadcasters, including 13 TV and 4 radio, with national service; about 20 privately owned TV stations, overseen by local officials, broadcast locally; privately owned TV stations required to lease transmitters from state-owned Republic TV and Radio Industry Corporation (2019)
Communications: Internet country code
.uz
Communications: Internet users: percent of population
89.5% (2024, World Bank)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
17.39 (2024, World Bank)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions
6.147 million (2023 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
110.49 (2024, World Bank)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions
40.2 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Agricultural products
milk, wheat, cotton, potatoes, carrots/turnips, tomatoes, grapes, watermelons, vegetables, apples (2023)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on alcohol and tobacco
3.2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on food
46.3% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: expenditures
$25.953 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: revenues
$21.565 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2022
-$2.847 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2023
-$7.799 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2024
$-5.784 billion (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2023
$70.256 billion (2024, World Bank)
Economy: Exchange rates: Currency
Uzbekistani soum (UZS) per US dollar -
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2020
10,054.261 (2020 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2021
10,609.464 (2021 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2022
11,050.145 (2022 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2023
11,734.833 (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2024
12,652.287 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exports - commodities
gold, cotton yarn, garments, fertilizers, fabric (2023)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2022
$20.966 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2023
$25.05 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2024
$32.401 billion (2025, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: exports of goods and services
22.0% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: government consumption
15.9% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption
64.1% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: imports of goods and services
35.4% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in fixed capital
34.0% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in inventories
-3.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture
16.6% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: industry
32.5% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: services
46.5% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - per capita (PPP)
$13,601 (2025, World Bank)
Economy: GDP (official exchange rate)
$147.038 billion (2025, World Bank)
Economy: GDP (purchasing power parity) - real
$430.667 billion (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2023
34.5 (2023 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2024
32.70 (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%
24.2% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%
2.4% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Imports - commodities
cars, vehicle parts/accessories, packaged medicine, refined petroleum, aircraft (2023)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2022
$35.643 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2023
$42.646 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2024
$51.999 billion (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Industrial production growth rate
7.2% (2024 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
11.4% (2022 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
10% (2023 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
8.8% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Labor force
14,638,807 (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Population below poverty line
5.8% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2016
10.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$335.678 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$356.797 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$430.667 billion (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2022
6% (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2023
6.3% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024
7.7% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2022
$9,600 (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2023
$10,000 (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2022
17.2% of GDP (2022 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2023
13.8% of GDP (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2024
14.3% of GDP (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$35.774 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$34.558 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$41.237 billion (2024, World Bank)
Economy: Taxes and other revenues
19.4% of GDP (2023, World Bank)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2022
4.5% (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2023
4.5% (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024
4.6% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): female
18.6% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): male
7.5% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total
11.4% (2025, World Bank)
Energy: Coal: consumption
8.941 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: exports
4,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: imports
3.521 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: production
6.379 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: proven reserves
1.375 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - rural areas
100.0% (2024, World Bank)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - total population
100.0% (2024, World Bank)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - urban areas
100.0% (2024, World Bank)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels
90.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: hydroelectricity
8.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: solar
0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: consumption
75.753 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: exports
2.043 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: imports
4.977 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: installed generating capacity
17.901 million kW (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: transmission/distribution losses
3.433 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023
55.305 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: consumption
44.455 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: exports
1.308 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: imports
2.514 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: production
43.249 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: proven reserves
1.841 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: crude oil estimated reserves
594 million barrels (2021 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption
111,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: total petroleum production
64,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from coal and metallurgical coke
12.845 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from consumed natural gas
84.71 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from petroleum and other liquids
13.437 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions
110.992 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Climate
mostly mid-latitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east
Environment: Environmental issues
growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts in the shrinking Aral Sea; desertification; water pollution and soil salination from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides; soil contamination from buried nuclear processing and agricultural chemicals
Environment: International environmental agreements: party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
Environment: International environmental agreements: signed, but not ratified
none of the selected agreements
Environment: Land use: agricultural land
58.1% (2023, World Bank)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
9.1% (2023, World Bank)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 1% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 47.9% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: forest
8.5% (2023, World Bank)
Environment: Land use: other
31.8% (2023 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: agriculture
868.1 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: energy
848.1 kt (2022-2024 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: other
4.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: waste
261.3 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Particulate matter emissions
46.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Environment: Total renewable water resources
48.87 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: agricultural
41 billion cubic meters (2022)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: industrial
1.2 billion cubic meters (2022)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: municipal
2.3 billion cubic meters (2022)
Environment: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
1.25% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: urban population
51.0% (2025, World Bank)
Environment: Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually
4 million tons (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: percent of municipal solid waste recycled
31.6% (2022 est.)
Geography: Area - comparative
about four times the size of Virginia; slightly larger than California
Geography: Area: land
425,400 sq km
Geography: Area: water
22,000 sq km
Geography: Coastline
0 km (doubly landlocked)
Geography: Elevation: highest point
Xazrat Sulton Tog' 4,643 m
Geography: Elevation: lowest point
Sariqamish Kuli -12 m
Geography: Geographic coordinates
41 00 N, 64 00 E
Geography: Geography - note
along with Liechtenstein, one of the only two doubly landlocked countries in the world
Geography: Irrigated land
37,305 sq km (2022)
Geography: Land boundaries: border countries
Afghanistan 144 km; Kazakhstan 2,330 km; Kyrgyzstan 1,314 km; Tajikistan 1,312 km; Turkmenistan 1,793 km
Geography: Land boundaries: total
6,893 km
Geography: Land use: agricultural land
58.1% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 9.1% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 1% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 47.9% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: forest
8.7% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: other
31.8% (2023 est.)
Geography: Major lakes (area sq km): fresh water lake(s)
Aral Sea (shared with Kazakhstan) - largely dried up
Geography: Major rivers (by length in km)
Syr Darya (shared with Kyrgyzstan [s], Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan [m]) - 3,078 km; Amu Darya river mouth (shared with Tajikistan [s], Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan) - 2,620 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Geography: Major watersheds (area sq km): Internal (endorheic basin) drainage
(Aral Sea basin) Amu Darya (534,739 sq km), Syr Darya (782,617 sq km)
Geography: Map references
Asia
Geography: Maritime claims
none (doubly landlocked)
Geography: Natural hazards
earthquakes; floods; landslides or mudslides; avalanches; droughts
Geography: Population distribution
most of the population is concentrated in the fertile Fergana Valley in the easternmost arm of the country; the south has significant clusters of people, but the central and western deserts are sparsely populated
Geography: Terrain
mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zaravshan; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west
Government: Administrative divisions
12 provinces ( viloyatlar , singular - viloyat ), 1 autonomous republic* ( avtonom respublikasi ), and 3 cities** ( shahar ); Andijon Viloyati, Buxoro Viloyati [Bukhara Province], Farg'ona Viloyati [Fergana Province], Jizzax Viloyati, Namangan Shahri, Namangan Viloyati, Navoiy Viloyati, Qashqadaryo Viloyati (Qarshi), Qoraqalpog'iston Respublikasi [Karakalpakstan Republic]* (Nukus), Samarqand Shahri [Samarkand City], Samarqand Viloyati [Samarkand Province], Sirdaryo Viloyati (Guliston), Surxondaryo Viloyati (Termiz), Toshkent Shahri [Tashkent City]**, Toshkent Viloyati [Nurafshon], Xorazm Viloyati (Urganch)
Government: Capital: etymology
the current name of the ancient city was first used in the 11th century and comes from the Sogdian (Turkic) words tash ( stone) and kent (town); the city was first recorded in the 5th or 4th century B.C. with the name of Chach or Shash
Government: Capital: geographic coordinates
41 19 N, 69 15 E
Government: Capital: time difference
UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by birth
no
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of Uzbekistan
Government: Citizenship: dual citizenship recognized
no
Government: Citizenship: residency requirement for naturalization
5 years
Government: Constitution: amendment process
proposed by the Supreme Assembly or by referendum; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of both houses of the Assembly or passage in a referendum
Government: Constitution: history
several previous; latest adopted 8 December 1992
Government: Country name: conventional short form
Uzbekistan
Government: Country name: etymology
the name comes from the local people, the Uzbeks, whose name is said to have originated with Mongol leader Ghiyath ad-Din Muhammad UZBEK; the Persian suffix - stan means "country"
Government: Country name: former
Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
Government: Country name: local long form
O'zbekiston Respublikasi
Government: Country name: local short form
O'zbekiston
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Jonathan HENICK (since 14 October 2022)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: email address and website
ACSTashkent@state.gov https://uz.usembassy.gov/
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy
3 Moyqorghon, 5th Block, Yunusobod District, 100093 Tashkent
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: FAX
[998] 78-120-6335
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: mailing address
7110 Tashkent Place, Washington DC 20521-7110
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: telephone
[998] 78-120-5450
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery
1746 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Furqat SIDIKOV (since 19 April 2023)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s) general
New York
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: email address and website
info.washington@mfa.uz https://www.uzbekistan.org/
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX
[1] (202) 293-6804
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: telephone
[1] (202) 887-5300
Government: Executive branch: cabinet
Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president with most requiring approval of the Senate chamber of the Supreme Assembly (Oliy Majlis)
Government: Executive branch: chief of state
President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (since 14 December 2016)
Government: Executive branch: election results
2023: Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV reelected president in snap election; percent of vote - Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (LDPU) 87.7%, Robaxon Maxmudova (Adolat) 4.5%, Ulugbek Inoyatov (PDP) 4%, Abdushukur Xamzayev (Ecological Party) 3.8% 2021: Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (LDPU) 80.3%, Maqsuda VORISOVA (PDP) 6.7%, Alisher QODIROV (National Revival Democratic Party) 5.5%, Narzullo OBLOMURODOV (Ecological Party) 4.1%, Bahrom ABDUHALIMOV (Adolat) 3.4%
Government: Executive branch: election/appointment process
president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister nominated by majority party in the Supreme Assembly but appointed along with the ministers and deputy ministers by the president
Government: Executive branch: expected date of next election
2030
Government: Executive branch: head of government
Prime Minister Abdulla ARIPOV (since 14 December 2016)
Government: Executive branch: most recent election date
9 July 2023
Government: Flag
description: three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by narrow red stripes with a vertical white crescent moon and 12 five-pointed white stars in the left corner of the top band meaning: blue stands for the Turkic peoples and the sky, white for peace and the striving for purity in thoughts and deeds, and green for nature and Islam; the red stripes represent the vital force of all living organisms; the crescent stands for Islam, and the 12 stars for the months and constellations of the Uzbek calendar
Government: International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Government: International organization participation
ADB, CICA, CIS, EAEU (observer), EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EEU (observer), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Government: Judicial branch: highest court(s)
Supreme Court (consists of 67 judges organized into administrative, civil, criminal, and economic sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges)
Government: Judicial branch: judge selection and term of office
judges of the highest courts nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate of the Oliy Majlis; judges appointed for a single 10-year term; the court chairman and deputies appointed for 10-year terms without the right to reelection. (Article 132 of the constitution)
Government: Judicial branch: subordinate courts
regional, district, city, and town courts
Government: Legal system
civil law system
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: chamber name
Legislative Chamber (Qonunchilik palatasi)
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: electoral system
mixed system
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: expected date of next election
October 2029
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: most recent election date
11/7/2024 to 11/12/2024
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: number of seats
150 (all directly elected)
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: parties elected and seats per party
Movement of Entrepreneurs and Businesspeople - Liberal Democratic Party (UzLiDeP) (64); Milliy Tiklanish Democratic Party (O'zMTDP) (29); Social Democratic Party ("Adolat" SDP) (21); People's Democratic Party (XDP) (20); Ecological Party (O'EP) (16)
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: percentage of women in chamber
38%
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: term in office
5 years
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: chamber name
Senate (Senat)
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: expected date of next election
November 2029
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: most recent election date
10/27/2024
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: number of seats
65 (56 indirectly elected; 9 appointed)
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: percentage of women in chamber
24.6%
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: term in office
5 years
Government: Legislative branch: legislative structure
bicameral
Government: Legislative branch: legislature name
Supreme Assembly (Oliy Majlis)
Government: National anthem(s): history
adopted 1992; after the fall of the Soviet Union, Uzbekistan kept the music of its Soviet-era anthem but adopted new lyrics
Government: National anthem(s): lyrics/music
Abdulla ARIPOV/Mutal BURHANOV
Government: National color(s)
blue, white, red, green
Government: National heritage: selected World Heritage Site locales
Itchan Kala (c); Historic Bukhara (c); Historic Shakhrisyabz (c); Samarkand - Crossroad of Cultures (c); Western Tien Shan (n); Cold Winter Deserts of Turan (n); Silk Roads: Zarafshan-Karakum Corridor (c)
Government: National heritage: total World Heritage Sites
7 (5 cultural, 2 natural)
Government: National holiday
Independence Day, 1 September (1991)
Government: National symbol(s)
khumo (mythical bird)
Government: Political parties
Ecological Party of Uzbekistan or EPU Justice Social Democratic Party or ASDP People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan or PDP Uzbekistan Liberal Democratic Party or UzLiDep Uzbekistan National Revival Democratic Party or UzMTDP
Government: Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Introduction: Background
Uzbekistan is the geographic and population center of Central Asia, with a diverse economy and a relatively young population. Russia conquered and united the disparate territories of present-day Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after the Bolshevik Revolution was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic established in 1924. During the Soviet era, intensive production of "white gold" (cotton) and grain led to the overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, leaving the land degraded and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half-dry. Independent since the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) dissolved in 1991, the country has diversified agricultural production while developing its mineral and petroleum export capacity and increasing its manufacturing base, although cotton remains a major part of its economy. Uzbekistan’s first president, Islom KARIMOV, led Uzbekistan for 25 years until his death in 2016. His successor, former Prime Minister Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV, has improved relations with Uzbekistan’s neighbors and introduced wide-ranging economic, judicial, and social reforms. MIRZIYOYEV was reelected in 2021 with 80% of the vote and again following a 2023 constitutional referendum with 87% of the vote.
Military and Security: Military - note
the military’s responsibilities include ensuring the country’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, securing its borders, and assisting with internal security; regional security and international terrorism are areas of concern; Uzbekistan joined the Russian-sponsored Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) in the 1990s but withdrew in 1999; it returned in 2006 but left again in 2012; although not part of CSTO, Uzbekistan continues to maintain defense ties with Russia, including joint military exercises and defense industrial cooperation; it also has defense ties with other regional countries, including Azerbaijan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, and Turkey; it is part of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and participates in SCO training exercises (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security forces
Armed Forces of Uzbekistan: Army, Air and Air Defense Forces; National Guard Ministry of Internal Affairs: Internal Security Troops, Border Guards, police (2024)
Military and Security: Military and security service personnel strengths
limited available information; estimated 50,000 active Armed Forces (2025)
Military and Security: Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the Uzbek Armed Forces use mainly Russian or Soviet-era armaments with smaller quantities of items from suppliers such as China, Türkiye, and the US; Uzbekistan has a small defense industry, which is involved in repairing and maintaining aircraft and armored vehicles, as well as producing light armored vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles/drones, and other military items (2025)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2015
2.5% of GDP (2015 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2016
2.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2017
2.7% of GDP (2017 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2018
2.9% of GDP (2018 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2019
2.8% of GDP (2019 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2025
2.9% of GDP (2018, World Bank)
Military and Security: Military service age and obligation
18-30 for voluntary/contract service for men and women; 18-27 years of age for compulsory military service for men with a 12-month service obligation (2025)
People and Society: Age structure: 0-14 years
31.3% (2025, World Bank)
People and Society: Age structure: 15-64 years
62.6% (2025, World Bank)
People and Society: Age structure: 65 years and over
6.1% (2025, World Bank)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: beer
0.18 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: spirits
2.19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: total
2.45 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: wine
0.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Birth rate
25.56 (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 15
0.2% (2022)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 18
3.4% (2022)
People and Society: Children under the age of 5 years underweight
1.8% (2021 est.)
People and Society: Contraceptive prevalence rate
58.8% (2022, World Bank)
People and Society: Current health expenditure
6.7% of GDP (2023, World Bank)
People and Society: Currently married women (ages 15-49)
74.7% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Death rate
6.03 (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: elderly dependency ratio
11.1 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: potential support ratio
9 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio
57.3 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: youth dependency ratio
46.3 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: rural
rural: 95.2% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: total
97.3% (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: urban
urban: 98% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: rural
rural: 4.8% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: total
total: 3.4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: urban
urban: 2% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP)
5.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% national budget)
22.1% national budget (2024 est.)
People and Society: Ethnic groups
Uzbek 83.8%, Tajik 4.8%, Kazakh 2.5%, Russian 2.3%, Karakalpak 2.2%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.9% (2017 est.)
People and Society: Gross reproduction rate
1.25 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
7.7% of GDP (2021)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
7.1% of national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: Hospital bed density
4.89 (2023, World Bank)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: female
11.10 (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: male
14.40 (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: total
12.80 (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Languages: Languages
Uzbek (official) 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
People and Society: Languages: major-language sample(s)
Jahon faktlari kitobi, asosiy ma'lumotlar uchun zaruriy manba. (Uzbek) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: female
75.55 (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: male
69.56 (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Literacy: female
100.0% (2022, World Bank)
People and Society: Literacy: male
100.0% (2022, World Bank)
People and Society: Literacy: total population
100.0% (2022, World Bank)
People and Society: Major urban areas - population
2.603 million TASHKENT (capital) (2023)
People and Society: Maternal mortality ratio
26.00 (2023, World Bank)
People and Society: Median age: female
29.8 years
People and Society: Median age: male
28.1 years
People and Society: Mother's mean age at first birth
23.7 years (2019 est.)
People and Society: Nationality: adjective
Uzbekistani
People and Society: Net migration rate
-1.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Obesity - adult prevalence rate
16.6% (2016)
People and Society: Physician density
2.81 (2021, World Bank)
People and Society: Population
37,053,428 (2025, World Bank)
People and Society: Population distribution
most of the population is concentrated in the fertile Fergana Valley in the easternmost arm of the country; the south has significant clusters of people, but the central and western deserts are sparsely populated
People and Society: Population growth rate
1.9% (2025, World Bank)
People and Society: Population: female
18,359,298 (2025, World Bank)
People and Society: Population: male
18,694,130 (2025, World Bank)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: rural
rural: 98.7% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: total
96.5% (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: urban
urban: 98.1% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: rural
rural: 1.3% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: total
total: 1.6% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: urban
urban: 1.9% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): female
13 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): male
13 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total
13 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Sex ratio: 0-14 years
1.07 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 15-64 years
1 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 65 years and over
0.79 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: at birth
1.08 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: total population
1.01 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: female
1% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: male
30.2% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: total
15.4% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Total fertility rate
3.49 (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
1.9% (2025, World Bank)
People and Society: Urbanization: urban population
51.0% (2025, World Bank)
Space: Key space-program milestones
2018 - signed space cooperation agreements with France and India 2022 - signed space cooperation agreement with Kazakhstan 2025 - Uzbek engineers began two-year satellite development training program in Japan with goal of building country's first satellite; signed space cooperation agreement with South Korea; announced development of 10-year national space program
Space: Space agency/agencies
Space Research and Technology Agency (UzCosmos or UzSpace; established 2019) (2025)
Space: Space program overview
has a small but growing space effort focused on acquiring satellites and developing the country’s space industries and technologies in key sectors, including cartography, data processing, environmental and disaster monitoring, land use, resource management, and telecommunications; recognized for its astronomy program; member of international space organizations; cooperates with foreign space agencies or commercial companies from a variety of countries, including those of Canada, China, France, India, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Russia, South Korea, Spain, Turkey, and the UAE (2025)
Terrorism: Terrorist group(s)
Islamic Jihad Union (IJU); Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham - Khorasan (ISIS-K)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees
5 (2025, UNHCR)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: stateless persons
16,000 (2025, UNHCR)
Transportation: Airports
74 (2025)
Transportation: Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
UK
Transportation: Heliports
3 (2025)
Transportation: Railways: broad gauge
4,642 km (2018) 1.520-m gauge (1,684 km electrified)
Transportation: Railways: total
4,642 km (2018)
Warning: Some information might be outdated or incorrect, please check statistics before using(most of the economical stats are correct, its mostly the Population stats that are incorrect). Some dates are listed but some are missed, if you have any issues please report it to the Github at github.com.