Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
41 (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total
28.2 million (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadcast media
public-service British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is the largest broadcasting company in the world; BBC operates multiple TV networks with regional and local TV; mixed system of public and commercial TV broadcasters along with satellite and cable systems provide access to hundreds of international TV stations; BBC operates multiple national, regional, and local radio networks with multiple transmission sites; large number of commercial and satellite radio stations available (2018)
Communications: Internet country code
.uk
Communications: Internet users: percent of population
95.47% (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
39 (2023 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions
26.627 million (2023 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
122 (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions
84.1 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Agricultural products
milk, wheat, sugar beets, barley, potatoes, chicken, rapeseed, pork, beef, oats (2023)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on alcohol and tobacco
3% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on food
8.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: expenditures
$1.442 trillion (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: revenues
$1.211 trillion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2013
-$129.529 billion (2013 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2014
-$153.585 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2015
-$144.834 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2016
-$147.869 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2017
-$93.748 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2018
-$112.616 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2019
-$76.565 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2020
-$79.781 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2021
-$24.050 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2022
-$70.962 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2023
-$118.354 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2024
-$96.634 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates
0.782415 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Currency
British pounds (GBP) per US dollar -
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2013
0.639661 (2013 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2014
0.607730 (2014 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2015
0.654545 (2015 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2016
0.740634 (2016 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2017
0.776977 (2017 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2018
0.749532 (2018 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2019
0.783445 (2019 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2020
0.780000 (2020 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2021
0.727065 (2021 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2022
0.811302 (2022 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2023
0.804539 (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2024
0.782415 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exports - commodities
cars, gold, gas turbines, packaged medicine, crude petroleum (2023)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2011
$836.521 billion (2011 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2014
$880.316 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2015
$821.200 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2016
$786.640 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2017
$836.020 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2018
$922.835 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2019
$917.434 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2020
$815.802 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2021
$935.667 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2022
$1.041 trillion (2022 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2023
$1.078 trillion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2024
$1.117 trillion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: exports of goods and services
32% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: government consumption
20.5% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption
61.3% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: imports of goods and services
-33.1% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in fixed capital
17.6% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in inventories
-0.4% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture
0.6% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: industry
16.7% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: services
72.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - per capita (PPP)
$62,009 (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (official exchange rate)
$3.644 trillion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (purchasing power parity) - real
$4.293 trillion (2024 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015
33.3 (2015 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016
33.1 (2016 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017
32.6 (2017 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018
33.7 (2018 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019
32.8 (2019 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020
32.7 (2020 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021
32.4 (2021 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%
24.6% (2021 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%
3% (2021 est.)
Economy: Imports - commodities
cars, gold, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, natural gas (2023)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2010
$756.633 billion (2010 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2015
$861.463 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2016
$833.101 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2017
$869.551 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2018
$957.620 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2019
$951.880 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2020
$795.715 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2021
$934.376 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2022
$1.1 trillion (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2023
$1.114 trillion (2023 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2024
$1.158 trillion (2024 est.)
Economy: Industrial production growth rate
-0.5% (2024 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015
0.37% (2015 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016
1.01% (2016 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017
2.56% (2017 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018
2.29% (2018 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019
1.74% (2019 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020
0.99% (2020 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021
2.52% (2021 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
7.92% (2022 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
6.79% (2023 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
3.27% (2024 est.)
Economy: Labor force
35.359 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Population below poverty line
18.60% (2017 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2013
141.03% (2013 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2014
149.58% (2014 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2016
155.58% (2016 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2017
160.14% (2017 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2018
156.77% (2018 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2019
158.97% (2019 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2020
194.68% (2020 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2021
183.80% (2021 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2022
138.22% (2022 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2023
136.14% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014
$2.667 trillion (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015
$2.767 trillion (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016
$2.892 trillion (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017
$3.042 trillion (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019
$3.336 trillion (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020
$3.219 trillion (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021
$3.416 trillion (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$3.582 trillion (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$3.596 trillion (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$3.636 trillion (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2015
2.14% (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2016
2.21% (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2017
3.02% (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2018
1.55% (2018 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2019
1.26% (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2020
-10.05% (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2021
8.54% (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2022
5.15% (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2023
0.4% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024
1.13% (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2014
$41,267 (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2015
$42,515 (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2016
$44,085 (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2017
$46,113 (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2019
$50,065 (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2020
$48,230 (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2021
$51,004 (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2022
$59,022 (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2023
$59,911 (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2013
$4.805 billion (2013 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2014
$4.937 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2015
$5.003 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2020
$3.248 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2021
$3.462 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2022
0.1% of GDP (2022 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2023
0.1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2024
0.1% of GDP (2024 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2015
$148.109 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2016
$134.932 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2017
$150.858 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2018
$172.658 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2019
$173.569 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020
$180.054 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021
$194.181 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$176.41 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$177.915 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$174.598 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Taxes and other revenues
27.4% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2019
3.66% (2019 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2020
4.47% (2020 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2021
4.86% (2021 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2022
3.77% (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2023
4.03% (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024
4.36% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): female
9.7% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): male
14.9% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total
12.4% (2024 est.)
Energy: Coal: consumption
7.372 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: exports
981,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: imports
6.633 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: production
1.568 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: proven reserves
26 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - rural areas
100%
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - urban areas
99.9%
Energy: Electricity generation sources: biomass and waste
12.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels
36.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: hydroelectricity
1.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: nuclear
13.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: solar
4.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: wind
30.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: consumption
262.166 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: exports
9.449 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: imports
33.212 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: installed generating capacity
114.749 million kW (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: transmission/distribution losses
28.961 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023
94.28 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: consumption
63.553 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: exports
15.842 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: imports
45.226 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: production
34.029 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: proven reserves
180.661 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy: Nuclear energy: Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors
5.88GW (2025 est.)
Energy: Nuclear energy: Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down
36 (2025)
Energy: Nuclear energy: Number of nuclear reactors under construction
2 (2025)
Energy: Nuclear energy: Number of operational nuclear reactors
9 (2025)
Energy: Nuclear energy: Percent of total electricity production
12.5% (2023 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: crude oil estimated reserves
2.5 billion barrels (2021 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption
1.406 million bbl/day (2024 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: total petroleum production
753,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from coal and metallurgical coke
17.093 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from consumed natural gas
126.713 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from petroleum and other liquids
197.133 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions
340.94 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Climate
temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast
Environment: Environmental issues
air pollution in the London region; soil pollution from pesticides and heavy metals; decline in marine and coastal habitats from housing, tourism, and industry
Environment: Geoparks: global geoparks and regional networks
Arran; Black Country; Cuilcagh Lakelands (includes Ireland); English Riviera; Fforest Fawr; GeoMôn; Mourne Gullion Strangford; North Pennines AONB; North-West Highlands; Shetland (2025)
Environment: Geoparks: total global geoparks and regional networks
10 (2025)
Environment: International environmental agreements: party to
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
Environment: International environmental agreements: signed, but not ratified
none of the selected agreements
Environment: Land use: agricultural land
70.3% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 25% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.2% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 45.2% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: forest
13.4% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: other
14.7% (2023 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: agriculture
1,030.2 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: energy
353.4 kt (2022-2024 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: other
62 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: waste
1,070.1 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Particulate matter emissions
7.8 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Environment: Total renewable water resources
147 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: agricultural
1.183 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: industrial
1.01 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: municipal
6.227 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
0.8% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: urban population
83.24% (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually
30.771 million tons (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: percent of municipal solid waste recycled
34.2% (2022 est.)
Geography: Area - comparative
twice the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Oregon
Geography: Area: land
241,930 sq km
Geography: Area: water
1,680 sq km
Geography: Coastline
12,429 km
Geography: Elevation: highest point
Ben Nevis 1,345 m
Geography: Elevation: lowest point
The Fens -4 m
Geography: Elevation: mean elevation
162 m
Geography: Geographic coordinates
54 00 N, 2 00 W
Geography: Geography - note
lies near vital North Atlantic sea lanes; only 35 km (22 mi) from France and linked by tunnel under the English Channel (the Channel Tunnel or Chunnel); because of heavily indented coastline, no location is more than 125 km (78 mi) from tidal waters
Geography: Irrigated land
718 sq km (2018)
Geography: Land boundaries: border countries
Ireland 499 km
Geography: Land boundaries: total
499 km
Geography: Land use: agricultural land
70.3% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 25% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.2% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 45.2% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: forest
13.4% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: other
14.7% (2023 est.)
Geography: Map references
Europe
Geography: Maritime claims: continental shelf
as defined in continental shelf orders or in accordance with agreed upon boundaries
Geography: Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone
200 nm
Geography: Maritime claims: territorial sea
12 nm
Geography: Natural hazards
winter windstorms; floods
Geography: Population distribution
the core of the population lies in and around London, with significant clusters found in central Britain around Manchester and Liverpool, in the Scottish lowlands between Edinburgh and Glasgow, in southern Wales in and around Cardiff, and in far-eastern Northern Ireland, centered on Belfast
Geography: Terrain
mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling plains in east and southeast
Government: Administrative divisions
England: 24 two-tier counties, 32 London boroughs and 1 City of London or Greater London, 36 metropolitan districts, 59 unitary authorities (including 4 single-tier counties*) two-tier counties: Cambridgeshire, Cumbria, Derbyshire, Devon, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Kent, Lancashire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, North Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Somerset, Staffordshire, Suffolk, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Sussex, Worcestershire London boroughs and City of London or Greater London: Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Camden, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Hackney, Hammersmith and Fulham, Haringey, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Kingston upon Thames, Lambeth, Lewisham, City of London, Merton, Newham, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Southwark, Sutton, Tower Hamlets, Waltham Forest, Wandsworth, Westminster metropolitan districts: Barnsley, Birmingham, Bolton, Bradford, Bury, Calderdale, Coventry, Doncaster, Dudley, Gateshead, Kirklees, Knowlsey, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, North Tyneside, Oldham, Rochdale, Rotherham, Salford, Sandwell, Sefton, Sheffield, Solihull, South Tyneside, St. Helens, Stockport, Sunderland, Tameside, Trafford, Wakefield, Walsall, Wigan, Wirral, Wolverhampton unitary authorities: Bath and North East Somerset; Bedford; Blackburn with Darwen; Blackpool; Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole; Bracknell Forest; Brighton and Hove; City of Bristol; Buckinghamshire; Central Bedfordshire; Cheshire East; Cheshire West and Chester; Cornwall; Darlington; Derby; Dorset; Durham County*; East Riding of Yorkshire; Halton; Hartlepool; Herefordshire*; Isle of Wight*; Isles of Scilly; City of Kingston upon Hull; Leicester; Luton; Medway; Middlesbrough; Milton Keynes; North East Lincolnshire; North Lincolnshire; North Northamptonshire; North Somerset; Northumberland*; Nottingham; Peterborough; Plymouth; Portsmouth; Reading; Redcar and Cleveland; Rutland; Shropshire; Slough; South Gloucestershire; Southampton; Southend-on-Sea; Stockton-on-Tees; Stoke-on-Trent; Swindon; Telford and Wrekin; Thurrock; Torbay; Warrington; West Berkshire; West Northamptonshire; Wiltshire; Windsor and Maidenhead; Wokingham; York Northern Ireland: 5 borough councils, 4 district councils, 2 city councils borough councils: Antrim and Newtownabbey; Ards and North Down; Armagh City, Banbridge, and Craigavon; Causeway Coast and Glens; Mid and East Antrim district councils: Derry City and Strabane; Fermanagh and Omagh; Mid Ulster; Newry, Murne, and Down city councils: Belfast; Lisburn and Castlereagh Scotland: 32 council areas council areas: Aberdeen City, Aberdeenshire, Angus, Argyll and Bute, Clackmannanshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Dundee City, East Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire, East Lothian, East Renfrewshire, City of Edinburgh, Eilean Siar (Western Isles), Falkirk, Fife, Glasgow City, Highland, Inverclyde, Midlothian, Moray, North Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Orkney Islands, Perth and Kinross, Renfrewshire, Shetland Islands, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, Stirling, The Scottish Borders, West Dunbartonshire, West Lothian Wales: 22 unitary authorities unitary authorities: Blaenau Gwent, Bridgend, Caerphilly, Cardiff, Carmarthenshire, Ceredigion, Conwy, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Gwynedd, Isle of Anglesey, Merthyr Tydfil, Monmouthshire, Neath Port Talbot, Newport, Pembrokeshire, Powys, Rhondda Cynon Taff, Swansea, The Vale of Glamorgan, Torfaen, Wrexham
Government: Capital: daylight saving time
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Government: Capital: etymology
the name derives from the Roman settlement of Londinium, established on the current site of London around A.D. 43; the original meaning of the name is uncertain
Government: Capital: geographic coordinates
51 30 N, 0 05 W
Government: Capital: time difference
UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Government: Capital: time zone note
the time statements apply to the United Kingdom proper, not to its crown dependencies or overseas territories
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by birth
no
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of the United Kingdom
Government: Citizenship: dual citizenship recognized
yes
Government: Citizenship: residency requirement for naturalization
5 years
Government: Constitution: amendment process
proposed as a bill for an Act of Parliament by the government, by the House of Commons, or by the House of Lords; passage requires agreement by both houses and by the monarch (Royal Assent)
Government: Constitution: history
uncoded; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
Government: Country name: abbreviation
UK
Government: Country name: conventional short form
United Kingdom
Government: Country name: etymology
the name United Kingdom is self-descriptive; the name Britain probably derives from the Celtic word pretani , meaning "painted people;" the designation of Great Britain for England, Scotland, and Wales dates back to medieval times and was used to distinguish the island from Little Britain, or Brittany, in modern France; the name Ireland evolved from the Gaelic name Eriu, which is possibly derived from the Old Celtic iveriu , meaning "good land"
Government: Dependent areas
Anguilla; Bermuda; British Indian Ocean Territory; British Virgin Islands; Cayman Islands; Falkland Islands; Gibraltar; Montserrat; Pitcairn Islands; Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Turks and Caicos Islands (12)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Warren A. STEPHENS (since 21 May 2025)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: consulate(s) general
Belfast, Edinburgh
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: email address and website
SCSLondon@state.gov https://uk.usembassy.gov/
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy
33 Nine Elms Lane, London, SW11 7US
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: FAX
[44] (0) 20-7891-3845
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: mailing address
8400 London Place, Washington DC 20521-8400
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: telephone
[44] (0) 20-7499-9000
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery
3100 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission
Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires James ROSCOE (since 11 September 2025)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s) general
Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: email address and website
ukin.washington@fcdo.gov.uk https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-washington
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX
[1] (202) 588-7870
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: telephone
[1] (202) 588-6500
Government: Executive branch: cabinet
Cabinet appointed by the prime minister
Government: Executive branch: chief of state
King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022)
Government: Executive branch: election/appointment process
the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually becomes the prime minister
Government: Executive branch: head of government
Prime Minister Keir STARMER (since 5 July 2024)
Government: Flag
description: blue field with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England) edged in white on top of the diagonal red cross of Saint Patrick (patron saint of Ireland), which is on top of the diagonal white cross of Saint Andrew (patron saint of Scotland) history: the official name is the Union Flag, but commonly called the Union Jack; the design and colors have been the basis for a number of other flags
Government: International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Government: International organization participation
ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, C, CBSS (observer), CD, CDB, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UN Security Council (permanent), UNSOM, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Government: Judicial branch: highest court(s)
Supreme Court (consists of 12 justices, including the court president and deputy president)
Government: Judicial branch: judge selection and term of office
judge candidates selected by an independent committee of several judicial commissions, then recommended to the prime minister, and appointed by the monarch; justices serve for life
Government: Judicial branch: subordinate courts
England and Wales: Court of Appeal (civil and criminal divisions); High Court; Crown Court; County Courts; Magistrates' Courts; Scotland: Court of Sessions; Sheriff Courts; High Court of Justiciary; tribunals; Northern Ireland: Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland; High Court; county courts; magistrates' courts; specialized tribunals
Government: Legal system
common law system; has nonbinding judicial review of Acts of Parliament under the Human Rights Act of 1998
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: chamber name
House of Commons
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: electoral system
plurality/majority
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: expected date of next election
July 2029
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: most recent election date
7/4/2024
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: number of seats
650 (all directly elected)
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: parties elected and seats per party
Labour Party (411); Conservative Party (121); Liberal Democrats (72); Other (46)
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: percentage of women in chamber
40.5%
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: term in office
5 years
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: chamber name
House of Lords
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: number of seats
800 (all appointed)
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: parties elected and seats per party
Conservative Party (286); Labour Party (212); Liberal Democrats (76); Crossover (Independents) 180; other (6)
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: percentage of women in chamber
31%
Government: Legislative branch: legislative structure
bicameral
Government: Legislative branch: legislature name
UK Parliament
Government: National anthem(s): history
in use since 1745; by tradition, the song serves as both the national and royal anthem; it is known as either "God Save the Queen" or "God Save the King," depending on the gender of the reigning monarch; it also serves as the royal anthem for many Commonwealth nations
Government: National anthem(s): lyrics/music
unknown
Government: National color(s)
red, white, blue (all of Britain); red, white (England); blue, white (Scotland); red, white, green (Wales)
Government: National heritage: selected World Heritage Site locales
Giant's Causeway and Causeway Coast (n); Ironbridge Gorge (c); Stonehenge, Avebury, and Associated Sites (c); Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd (c); Blenheim Palace (c); City of Bath (c); Tower of London (c); St Kilda (m); Maritime Greenwich (c); Old and New Towns of Edinburgh (c); Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (c); The English Lake District (c)
Government: National heritage: total World Heritage Sites
33 (28 cultural, 4 natural, 1 mixed); note - includes one site in Bermuda
Government: National holiday
the UK does not celebrate one particular national holiday
Government: National symbol(s)
lion (all of Britain); lion, Tudor rose, oak (England); lion, unicorn, thistle (Scotland); dragon, daffodil, leek (Wales); shamrock, flax (Northern Ireland)
Government: Political parties
Alliance Party or APNI (Northern Ireland) Conservative and Unionist Party Democratic Unionist Party or DUP (Northern Ireland) Green Party of England and Wales or Greens Labor (Labour) Party Liberal Democrats (Lib Dems) Party of Wales (Plaid Cymru) Reform UK Scottish National Party or SNP Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland) Social Democratic and Labor Party or SDLP (Northern Ireland) Traditional Unionist Voice or TUV UK Independence Party or UKIP Ulster Unionist Party or UUP (Northern Ireland) Workers Party of Great Britian
Government: Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Introduction: Background
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was created when the Kingdoms of England and Scotland -- which previously had been distinct states under a single monarchy -- were joined under the 1707 Acts of Union. The island of Ireland was incorporated under the 1800 Acts of Union, while Wales had been part of the Kingdom of England since the 16th century. The United Kingdom has historically played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. The 18th and 19th centuries saw the rapid expansion of the British Empire despite the loss of the Thirteen Colonies, and at its zenith in the early 20th century, the British Empire stretched over one fourth of the earth's surface. The first half of the 20th century saw two World Wars seriously deplete the UK's strength and the Irish Republic withdraw from the union. The second half witnessed the dismantling of the Empire and the UK rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous European nation. As one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council and a founding member of NATO and the Commonwealth of Nations, the UK pursues a global approach to foreign policy. The devolved Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly were established in 1998. The UK was an active member of the EU after its accession in 1973, although it chose to remain outside the Economic and Monetary Union. However, motivated in part by frustration at a remote bureaucracy in Brussels and massive migration into the country, UK citizens in 2016 voted by 52 to 48 percent to leave the EU. On 31 January 2020, the UK became the only country to depart the EU -- a move known as "Brexit" -- after prolonged negotiations on EU-UK economic and security relationships.
Military and Security: Military - note
the British military has a long history, a global presence, and a wide range of missions and responsibilities, including protecting the UK, its dependencies and territories, national interests, and values, preventing conflict, providing humanitarian assistance, participating in international peacekeeping, building relationships, and fulfilling the UK’s alliance and treaty commitments; in addition to its role in the UN, the UK is a leading member of NATO the UK is a member of the Five Power Defense Arrangements (FPDA), a series of mutual assistance agreements reached in 1971 embracing Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK; in 2014, the UK led the formation of the Joint Expeditionary Force (JEF), a pool of high-readiness military forces from the Baltic and Scandinavian countries intended to respond to a wide range of contingencies both in peacetime and in times of crisis or conflict; the UK military also has strong bilateral ties with a variety of foreign militaries, particularly the US, with which it has a mutual defense treaty; British and US military forces have routinely operated side-by-side across a wide range of operations; other close military relationships include Australia, France, Germany, and the Netherlands; in 2010, for example, France and the UK signed a declaration on defense and security cooperation that included greater military interoperability and a Combined Joint Expeditionary Force (CJEF), a deployable, combined Anglo-French military force for use in a range of crisis scenarios (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security forces
United Kingdom Armed Forces (aka British Armed Forces, aka His Majesty's Armed Forces): British Army, Royal Navy (includes Royal Marines), Royal Air Force (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 138,000 Regular Forces (75,000 Army including the Gurkhas; 32,000 Navy including the Royal Marines; 31,000 Air Force) (2025)
Military and Security: Military deployments
the British military has more than 8,000 personnel on permanent or long-term rotational deployments around the globe in support of NATO, UN, or other commitments and agreements; key deployments include approximately 1,000 in Brunei, approximately 2,500 in Cyprus (includes 250 for UNFICYP), approximately 900-1,000 in Estonia (NATO), over 1,000 in the Falkland Islands, 500-600 in Gibraltar, and more than 1,000 in the Middle East; its air and naval forces conduct missions on a global basis; the British military also participates in large scale NATO exercises, including providing some 16,000 personnel for the 6-month 2024 Steadfast Defender exercise (2024)
Military and Security: Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the British military's inventory is comprised of domestically produced armaments and imported Western weapons systems, particularly from the US; the UK defense industry is capable of producing air, land, and sea weapons systems and is one of the world's top weapons suppliers; it also cooperates with other European countries, as well as Australia and the US, in the research and development of weapons systems (2025)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2015
2.05% (2015 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2016
1.98% (2016 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2017
1.95% (2017 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2018
1.94% (2018 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2019
1.99% (2019 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2020
2.16% (2020 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2021
2.07% (2021 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2022
2.06% (2022 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2023
2.23% (2023 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2024
2.28% (2024 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2025
2.4% of GDP (2025 est.)
Military and Security: Military service age and obligation
16 years of age for enlisted ranks (with parental consent for under 18) and 18 years of age for officers; maximum age varies by military service; conscription abolished in 1963 (2026)
People and Society: Age structure: 0-14 years
16.7% (male 5,872,937/female 5,592,665)
People and Society: Age structure: 15-64 years
63.9% (male 22,062,643/female 21,702,401)
People and Society: Age structure: 65 years and over
19.3% (2024 est.) (male 6,069,865/female 7,158,544)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: beer
3.53 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: other alcohols
0.61 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: spirits
2.35 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: total
9.8 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: wine
3.3 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Birth rate
10.76 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 18
0% (2021)
People and Society: Children under the age of 5 years underweight
0.6% (2019 est.)
People and Society: Current health expenditure
11.13% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Currently married women (ages 15-49)
49.7% (2021 est.)
People and Society: Death rate
9.25 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: elderly dependency ratio
30.7 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: potential support ratio
3.3 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio
56.7 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: youth dependency ratio
26 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP)
5.9% of GDP (2021 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% national budget)
11.8% national budget (2021 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditures
5.91% (2021 est.)
People and Society: Ethnic groups
White 87.2%, Black/African/Caribbean/black British 3%, Asian/Asian British: Indian 2.3%, Asian/Asian British: Pakistani 1.9%, mixed 2%, other 3.7% (2011 est.)
People and Society: Gross reproduction rate
0.8 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
11.3% of GDP (2022)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
20.7% of national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
0.20% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Hospital bed density
2.4 beds/1,000 population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: female
3.3 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: male
4.2 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: total
4.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: female
83.3 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: male
79.5 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Major urban areas - population
9.648 million LONDON (capital), 2.791 million Manchester, 2.665 million Birmingham, 1.929 million West Yorkshire, 1.698 million Glasgow, 952,000 Southampton/Portsmouth (2023)
People and Society: Maternal mortality ratio
8 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
People and Society: Median age: female
41.5 years
People and Society: Median age: male
40.1 years
People and Society: Mother's mean age at first birth
29 years (2018 est.)
People and Society: Nationality: adjective
British
People and Society: Net migration rate
2.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Obesity - adult prevalence rate
27.8% (2016)
People and Society: Physician density
3.3 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
People and Society: Population
69,226,000 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population distribution
the core of the population lies in and around London, with significant clusters found in central Britain around Manchester and Liverpool, in the Scottish lowlands between Edinburgh and Glasgow, in southern Wales in and around Cardiff, and in far-eastern Northern Ireland, centered on Belfast
People and Society: Population growth rate
0.4% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Population: female
34,605,856
People and Society: Population: male
34,145,455
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: rural
rural: 99.8% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: total
total: 99.8% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: urban
urban: 99.8% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: rural
rural: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: total
total: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: urban
urban: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): female
18 years (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): male
17 years (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total
18 years (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sex ratio: 0-14 years
1.05 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 15-64 years
1.02 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 65 years and over
0.85 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: total population
0.99 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: female
9.8% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: male
13.3% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: total
11.5% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Total fertility rate
1.55 children born/woman (2024 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
0.8% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: urban population
83.24% (2024 est.)
Space: Key space-program milestones
1957 - first suborbital sounding rocket (Skylark) launched 1960s - first satellite (Ariel) launched by US; development of Black Arrow satellite launch vehicle (SLV); launched first of Skynet family of communications satellites 1971 - first successful placement of satellite (Prospero) in orbit on a 3-stage Black Arrow SLV (Black Arrow SLV program ended in early 1970s) 1973 - began participating in development of Ariane SLV along with other European states, particularly France and Germany 1991 - first British astronaut into space to Russian Mir space station 2015 - first British astronaut on International Space Station 2019-2020 - began participating in US Gateway lunar orbital station program and signed US-led Artemis Accords for space and lunar exploration 2024 - first military remote sensing satellite (Tyche) launched by US
Space: Space agency/agencies
UK Space Agency (UKSA; established in 2010) (2025)
Space: Space launch site(s)
Spaceport 1 (Outer Hebrides, Scotland); Spaceport Machrihanish (Argyll, Scotland); Glasgow Prestwick (South Ayrshire, Scotland); Spaceport Snowdonia (Gwynedd, Wales); SaxaVord UK Spaceport (Unst, Shetland Islands); Sutherland Spaceport (Sutherland, Scotland); Sutherland, Scotland (Cornwall Airport Newquay, Cornwall) (2024)
Space: Space program overview
has a long-standing, comprehensive national space program; is active across all areas of the space sector except human space flight, including satellite launch vehicles (SLVs)/rockets, probes, satellites, and spaceports; is a founding member of the ESA and is deeply involved in ESA programs; has bilateral relations with many ESA members and is a close partner of the US NASA; since 2016 has forged over 350 relationships with international organizations across nearly 50 countries; participates in international programs such as the International Space Station and the James Webb Space Telescope; has a large commercial space sector; the UK has a space industrial plan, and the UK Space Agency has provided funding for commercial space projects (2025)
Terrorism: Terrorist group(s)
Continuity Irish Republican Army (CIRA); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); al-Qa'ida; Real Irish Republican Army (RIRA)
Transnational Issues: Illicit drugs: USG identification
major precursor-chemical producer (2025)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees
640,460 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: stateless persons
4,672 (2024 est.)
Transportation: Airports
1,057 (2025)
Transportation: Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
G
Transportation: Heliports
139 (2025)
Transportation: Merchant marine: by type
bulk carrier 34, container ship 46, general cargo 62, oil tanker 13, other 713
Transportation: Merchant marine: total
868 (2023)
Transportation: Ports: key ports
Aberdeen, Barrow-in-Furness, Barry, Belfast, Blyth, Bristol, Cardiff, Dundee, Falmouth Harbour, Glasgow, Greenock, Grimsby, Immingham, Kingston-upon-Hull, Leith, Lerwick, Liverpool, London, Londonderry, Lyness, Manchester, Milford Haven, Newport, Peterhead, Plymouth, Portland Harbour, Portsmouth Harbour, Southampton, Sunderland, Teesport, Tynemouth
Transportation: Ports: large
7
Transportation: Ports: medium
24
Transportation: Ports: ports with oil terminals
67
Transportation: Ports: size unknown
1
Transportation: Ports: small
67
Transportation: Ports: total ports
185 (2024)
Transportation: Ports: very small
86
Transportation: Railways: total
16,390 km (2020) 6,167 km electrified
Transportation: Transportation - note
begun in 1988 and completed in 1994, the Channel Tunnel (nicknamed the Chunnel) is a 50.5-km (31.4-mi) rail tunnel under the English Channel at the Strait of Dover; it runs from Folkestone, Kent, in England to Coquelles, Pas-de-Calais, in northern France and is the only fixed link between the island of Great Britain and mainland Europe
Warning: Some information might be outdated or incorrect, please check statistics before using(most of the economical stats are correct, its mostly the Population stats that are incorrect). Some dates are listed but some are missed, if you have any issues please report it to the Github at github.com.