Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
2 (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total
1.66 million (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadcast media
about 45 TV stations, with 13 national that broadcast free-to-air TV; 196 radio stations, most operating at the district level, but also including 5 independent national stations and 1 state-owned national radio station; international broadcasts widely available through satellite TV; 3 major satellite TV providers (2020)
Communications: Internet country code
.tz
Communications: Internet users: percent of population
31.16% (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
(2023 est.) less than 1
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions
76,000 (2023 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
127 (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions
86.8 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Agricultural products
maize, cassava, sweet potatoes, bananas, milk, sugarcane, rice, vegetables, beans, sunflower seeds (2023)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on alcohol and tobacco
1.3% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on food
26.2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: expenditures
$13.583 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Budget: revenues
$11.716 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2013
-$4.988 billion (2013 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2014
-$4.987 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2015
-$2.618 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2016
-$1.217 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2017
-$1.477 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2018
-$2.309 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2019
-$1.340 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2020
-$1.459 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2021
-$2.374 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2022
-$5.482 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2023
-$2.958 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2024
-$2.380 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2022
$30.444 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2023
$17.513 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates
2597.900 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Currency
Tanzanian shillings (TZS) per US dollar -
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2013
1597.556 (2013 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2014
1653.231 (2014 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2015
1991.391 (2015 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2016
2177.087 (2016 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2017
2228.857 (2017 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2018
2263.782 (2018 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2019
2288.207 (2019 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2020
2294.146 (2020 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2021
2297.764 (2021 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2022
2303.034 (2022 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2023
2383.043 (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2024
2597.900 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exports - commodities
gold, refined petroleum, dried legumes, refined copper, coal (2023)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2011
$7.498 billion (2011 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2014
$9.032 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2015
$8.110 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2016
$8.138 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2017
$8.345 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2018
$8.402 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2019
$9.787 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2020
$8.922 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2021
$9.874 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2022
$11.986 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2023
$13.98 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2024
$15.635 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: exports of goods and services
19.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: government consumption
9.2% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption
52.9% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: imports of goods and services
-21.7% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in fixed capital
41.4% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in inventories
-1.6% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture
23.4% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: industry
28.7% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: services
28.4% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - per capita (PPP)
$4,221 (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (official exchange rate)
$78.78 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (purchasing power parity) - real
$280.426 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018
40.5 (2018 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%
33.1% (2018 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%
2.9% (2018 est.)
Economy: Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, plastics, garments, fertilizers, wheat (2023)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2010
$8.974 billion (2010 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2015
$11.215 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2016
$9.492 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2017
$9.296 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2018
$10.206 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2019
$10.363 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2020
$9.553 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2021
$11.61 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2022
$16.674 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2023
$16.059 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2024
$17.096 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Industrial production growth rate
5.2% (2024 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015
5.59% (2015 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016
5.17% (2016 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017
5.32% (2017 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018
3.49% (2018 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019
3.46% (2019 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020
3.29% (2020 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021
3.69% (2021 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
4.35% (2022 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
3.80% (2023 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
3.06% (2024 est.)
Economy: Labor force
32.983 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Population below poverty line
26.40% (2018 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2016
38% of GDP (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014
$108.560 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015
$116.993 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016
$127.161 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017
$133.501 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019
$171.137 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020
$194.562 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021
$212.790 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$222.506 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$233.786 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$246.706 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2015
6.16% (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2016
6.87% (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2017
6.73% (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2018
5.50% (2018 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2019
5.80% (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2020
1.99% (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2021
4.32% (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2022
4.57% (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2023
5.07% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024
5.53% (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2014
$2,221 (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2015
$2,317 (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2016
$2,435 (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2017
$2,472 (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2019
$2,982 (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2020
$3,291 (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2021
$3,493 (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2022
$3,800 (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2023
$4,019 (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2013
$381.9 million (2013 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2014
$389.5 million (2014 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2015
$387.8 million (2015 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2020
$326.2 million (2020 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2021
0.8% of GDP (2021 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2022
0.9% of GDP (2022 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2023
1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2024
$1.123 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2015
$4.081 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2016
$4.351 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2017
$5.888 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2018
$5.05 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Taxes and other revenues
11.5% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2019
1.74% (2019 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2020
1.79% (2020 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2021
1.88% (2021 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2022
2.6% (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2023
2.6% (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024
2.6% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): female
4.2% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): male
2.6% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total
3.3% (2024 est.)
Energy: Coal: consumption
740,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: exports
1.602 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: imports
21 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: production
2.341 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: proven reserves
1.41 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - rural areas
36%
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - total population
45.8% (2022 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - urban areas
74.7%
Energy: Electricity generation sources: biomass and waste
0.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels
74.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: hydroelectricity
24.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: solar
0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: consumption
9.109 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: imports
157.688 million kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: installed generating capacity
1.818 million kW (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: transmission/distribution losses
2.039 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023
4.091 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: consumption
2.016 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: production
2.016 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: proven reserves
6.513 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption
85,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from coal and metallurgical coke
1.687 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from consumed natural gas
3.954 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from petroleum and other liquids
12.066 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions
17.707 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Climate
varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands
Environment: Environmental issues
water pollution; improper management of liquid waste; indoor air pollution from burning wood or charcoal for cooking and heating; soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; coral reef destruction; illegal hunting and animal trade, especially ivory; loss of biodiversity; solid waste disposal
Environment: Geoparks: global geoparks and regional networks
Ngorongoro Lengai (2023)
Environment: Geoparks: total global geoparks and regional networks
1
Environment: International environmental agreements: party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
Environment: International environmental agreements: signed, but not ratified
none of the selected agreements
Environment: Land use: agricultural land
44.6% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 15.2% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 2.3% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 27.1% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: forest
50.1% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: other
5.3% (2023 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: agriculture
1,176.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: energy
568.3 kt (2022-2024 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: other
1,226.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: waste
168.3 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Particulate matter emissions
14.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Environment: Total renewable water resources
96.27 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: agricultural
4.632 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: industrial
25 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: municipal
527 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
4.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: urban population
36.17% (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually
9.277 million tons (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: percent of municipal solid waste recycled
12.3% (2022 est.)
Geography: Area - comparative
more than six times the size of Georgia; slightly larger than twice the size of California
Geography: Area: land
885,800 sq km
Geography: Area: water
61,500 sq km
Geography: Coastline
1,424 km
Geography: Elevation: highest point
Kilimanjaro (highest point in Africa) 5,895 m
Geography: Elevation: lowest point
Indian Ocean 0 m
Geography: Elevation: mean elevation
1,018 m
Geography: Geographic coordinates
6 00 S, 35 00 E
Geography: Geography - note
Kilimanjaro is the highest point in Africa and one of only three mountain ranges on the continent that has glaciers (the others are Mount Kenya in Kenya and the Ruwenzori Mountains on the Uganda-Democratic Republic of the Congo border); Tanzania is bordered by three of the largest lakes on the continent: Lake Victoria (the world's second-largest freshwater lake) in the north, Lake Tanganyika (the world's second-deepest) in the west, and Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) in the southwest
Geography: Irrigated land
1,840 sq km (2012)
Geography: Land boundaries: border countries
Burundi 589 km; Democratic Republic of the Congo 479 km; Kenya 775 km; Malawi 512 km; Mozambique 840 km; Rwanda 222 km; Uganda 391 km; Zambia 353 km
Geography: Land boundaries: total
4,161 km
Geography: Land use: agricultural land
44.6% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 15.2% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 2.3% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 27.1% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: forest
50.1% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: other
5.3% (2023 est.)
Geography: Major lakes (area sq km): fresh water lake(s)
Lake Victoria (shared with Uganda and Kenya) - 62,940 sq km; Lake Tanganyika (shared with Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, and Zambia) - 32,000 sq km; Lake Malawi (shared with Mozambique and Malawi) - 22,490
Geography: Major lakes (area sq km): salt water lake(s)
Lake Rukwa - 5,760 sq km
Geography: Major rivers (by length in km)
Nile (shared with Rwanda [s], Uganda, South Sudan, Sudan, and Egypt [m]) - 6,650 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Geography: Major watersheds (area sq km): Atlantic Ocean drainage
Congo (3,730,881 sq km), (Mediterranean Sea) Nile (3,254,853 sq km)
Geography: Major watersheds (area sq km): Indian Ocean drainage
Zambezi (1,332,412 sq km)
Geography: Map references
Africa
Geography: Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone
200 nm
Geography: Maritime claims: territorial sea
12 nm
Geography: Natural hazards
flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought volcanism: limited volcanic activity; Ol Doinyo Lengai (2,962 m) has emitted lava in recent years; other historically active volcanoes include Kieyo and Meru
Geography: Population distribution
the largest and most populous East African country; population distribution is extremely uneven, but greater population clusters occur in the northern half of country and along the east coast, as shown in this population distribution map
Geography: Terrain
plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south
Government: Administrative divisions
31 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Geita, Iringa, Kagera, Kaskazini Pemba (Pemba North), Kaskazini Unguja (Zanzibar North), Katavi, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Kusini Pemba (Pemba South), Kusini Unguja (Zanzibar Central/South), Lindi, Manyara, Mara, Mbeya, Mjini Magharibi (Zanzibar Urban/West), Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Njombe, Pwani (Coast), Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Simiyu, Singida, Songwe, Tabora, Tanga
Government: Capital: etymology
the name comes from the name of a nearby mountain; the origin of the mountain's name is unclear
Government: Capital: geographic coordinates
6 48 S, 39 17 E
Government: Capital: time difference
UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by birth
no
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of Tanzania; if a child is born abroad, the father must be a citizen of Tanzania
Government: Citizenship: dual citizenship recognized
no
Government: Citizenship: residency requirement for naturalization
5 years
Government: Constitution: amendment process
proposed by the National Assembly; passage of amendments to constitutional articles including those on sovereignty of the United Republic, the authorities and powers of the government, the president, the Assembly, and the High Court requires two-thirds majority vote of the mainland Assembly membership and of the Zanzibar House of Representatives membership; House of Representatives approval of other amendments is not required
Government: Constitution: history
several previous; latest adopted 25 April 1977
Government: Country name: conventional short form
Tanzania
Government: Country name: etymology
the country's name is a combination of the first letters of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, the two states that merged to form Tanzania in 1964
Government: Country name: former
German East Africa, Trust Territory of Tanganyika, Republic of Tanganyika, People's Republic of Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar
Government: Country name: local long form
Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania
Government: Country name: local short form
Tanzania
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission
Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Andrew LENTZ (since January 2025)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: email address and website
DRSACS@state.gov https://tz.usembassy.gov/
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy
686 Old Bagamoyo Road, Msasani, P.O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: FAX
[255] (22) 229-4721
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: mailing address
2140 Dar es Salaam Place, Washington, DC 20521-2140
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: telephone
[255] (22) 229-4000
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery
1232 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Elsie Sia KANZA (since 1 December 2021)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: email address and website
ubalozi@tanzaniaembassy-us.org https://us.tzembassy.go.tz/
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX
[1] (202) 797-7408
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: telephone
[1] (202) 884-1080
Government: Executive branch: cabinet
Cabinet appointed by the president from among members of the National Assembly
Government: Executive branch: chief of state
President Samia Suluhu HASSAN (since 19 March 2021)
Government: Executive branch: election results
2025 : Samia Suluhu HASSAN reelected; percent of vote - Samia Suluhu HASSAN (CCM) 97.7%, others 2.3%
Government: Executive branch: election/appointment process
president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by simple majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president
Government: Executive branch: expected date of next election
October 2030
Government: Executive branch: head of government
President Samia Suluhu HASSAN (since 19 March 2021)
Government: Executive branch: most recent election date
29 October 2025
Government: Flag
description: divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band, from the lower left corner to the upper right corner; the upper triangle (left side) is green, and the lower is blue meaning: colors come from the flags of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; green stands for natural vegetation, gold for rich mineral deposits, black for the Swahili people, and blue for lakes and rivers, as well as the Indian Ocean
Government: International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Government: International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, EAC, EADB, EITI, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Government: Judicial branch: highest court(s)
Court of Appeal of the United Republic of Tanzania (consists of the chief justice and 14 justices); High Court of the United Republic for Mainland Tanzania (consists of the principal judge and 30 judges organized into commercial, land, and labor courts); High Court of Zanzibar (consists of the chief justice and 10 justices)
Government: Judicial branch: judge selection and term of office
Court of Appeal and High Court justices appointed by the national president after consultation with the Judicial Service Commission for Tanzania, a judicial body of high-level judges and 2 members appointed by the national president; Court of Appeal and High Court judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 60, but terms can be extended; High Court of Zanzibar judges appointed by the national president after consultation with the Judicial Commission of Zanzibar; judges can serve until mandatory retirement at age 65
Government: Judicial branch: subordinate courts
Resident Magistrates Courts; Kadhi courts (for Islamic family matters); district and primary courts
Government: Legal system
English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation
Government: Legislative branch: electoral system
plurality/majority
Government: Legislative branch: expected date of next election
October 2030
Government: Legislative branch: legislative structure
unicameral
Government: Legislative branch: legislature name
National Assembly (Bunge)
Government: Legislative branch: most recent election date
10/29/2025
Government: Legislative branch: number of seats
403 (272 directly elected; 120 indirectly elected; 10 appointed; 1 other)
Government: Legislative branch: parties elected and seats per party
Revolutionary Party of Tanzania (CCM) (383); ACT-Wazalendo (2)
Government: Legislative branch: percentage of women in chamber
39.5%
Government: Legislative branch: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch: term in office
5 years
Government: National anthem(s): history
adopted 1961; the anthem, which is also a popular African popular song in Africa, shares the melody of Zambia's anthem and is part of South Africa's anthem
Government: National anthem(s): lyrics/music
collective/Enoch Mankayi SONTONGA
Government: National color(s)
green, yellow, blue, black
Government: National heritage: selected World Heritage Site locales
Ngorongoro Conservation Area (m); Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Songo Mnara (c); Serengeti National Park (n); Selous Game Reserve (n); Kilimanjaro National Park (n); Stone Town of Zanzibar (c); Kondoa Rock-Art Sites (c)
Government: National heritage: total World Heritage Sites
7 (3 cultural, 3 natural, 1 mixed)
Government: National holiday
Union Day (Tanganyika and Zanzibar), 26 April (1964)
Government: National symbol(s)
Uhuru (freedom) torch, giraffe
Government: Political parties
Alliance for Change and Transparency (Wazalendo) or ACT-Wazalendo Civic United Front (Chama Cha Wananchi) or CUF Party of Democracy and Development (Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo) or CHADEMA Revolutionary Party of Tanzania (Chama Cha Mapinduzi) or CCM
Government: Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Introduction: Background
Tanzania contains some of Africa’s most iconic national parks and famous paleoanthropological sites, and its diverse cultural heritage reflects the multiple ethnolinguistic groups that live in the country. Its long history of integration into trade networks spanning the Indian Ocean and the African interior led to the development of Swahili as a common language in much of east Africa and the introduction of Islam into the region. A number of independent coastal and island trading posts in what is now Tanzania came under Portuguese control after 1498 when they began to take control of much of the coast and Indian Ocean trade. By 1700, the Sultanate of Oman had become the dominant power in the region after ousting the Portuguese, who were also facing a series of local uprisings. During the next hundred years, Zanzibar -- an archipelago off the coast that is now part of Tanzania -- became a hub of Indian Ocean trade, with Arab and Indian traders establishing and consolidating trade routes with communities in mainland Tanzania that contributed to the expansion of the slave trade. Zanzibar briefly became the capital of the Sultanate of Oman before it split into separate Omani and Zanzibar Sultanates in 1856. Beginning in the mid-1800s, European explorers, traders, and Christian missionaries became more active in the region. The Germans eventually established control over mainland Tanzania -- which they called Tanganyika -- and the British established control over Zanzibar. Tanganyika came under British administration after the German defeat in World War I. Tanganyika gained independence from Great Britain in 1961, and Zanzibar followed in 1963 as a constitutional monarchy. In Tanganyika, Julius NYERERE, a charismatic and idealistic socialist, established a one-party political system that centralized power and encouraged national self-reliance and rural development. In 1964, a popular uprising overthrew the Sultan in Zanzibar and either killed or expelled many of the Arabs and Indians who had dominated the isles for more than 200 years. Later that year, Tanganyika and Zanzibar combined to form the United Republic of Tanzania, but Zanzibar retained considerable autonomy. Their two ruling parties combined to form the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party in 1977, which has since won every presidential election. Tanzania held its first multi-party elections in 1995, but CCM candidates have continued to dominate politics. The ruling party has claimed victory in four contentious elections since 1995, despite international observers' claims of voting irregularities. In 2001, 35 people died in Zanzibar when soldiers fired on protestors. John MAGUFULI won the 2015 and 2020 presidential elections, and the CCM won over two-thirds of the seats in Parliament in both elections. MAGUFULI died in 2021 while in office and was succeeded by his vice president, Samia Suluhu HASSAN.
Military and Security: Military - note
the chief concerns of the Tanzania Defense Forces (TDPF) are maritime piracy and smuggling, border security, terrorism, animal poaching, and spillover from instability in neighboring countries, particularly Mozambique and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC); it participates in multinational training exercises, regional peacekeeping deployments, and has ties with a variety of foreign militaries, including those of China, India, and the US; it has contributed troops to the UN’s Force Intervention Brigade in the DRC; the TPDF also participated in the former Southern African Development Community intervention force in Mozambique, which assisted the Mozambique military in combating fighters affiliated with the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); the regional force withdrew in 2024, but the TPDF continues to maintain troops in Mozambique as part of a separate bilateral security agreement; since 2020, the TPDF has reinforced the border with Mozambique following several cross-border attacks by ISIS fighters (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security forces
Tanzania People's Defense Forces (TPDF or Jeshi la Wananchi la Tanzania, JWTZ): Land Forces, Naval Forces, Air Force, Nation Building Army (Jeshi la Kujenga Taifa, JKT), Reserve Forces Ministry of Home Affairs: Tanzania Police Force (Jeshi la Polisi Tanzania) (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 25,000 active Defense Forces (2025)
Military and Security: Military deployments
520 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); more than 1,000 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO and Southern African Development Community regional force); 125 Lebanon (UNIFIL); approximately 300 Mozambique (under bi-lateral agreement to assist with combatting an insurgency) (2025)
Military and Security: Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the TPDF's inventory includes mostly British, Chinese, and Russian/Soviet-era armaments (2025)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2015
1.09% (2015 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2016
1.09% (2016 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2017
1.06% (2017 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2018
1.10% (2018 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2019
1.06% (2019 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2020
1.08% (2020 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2021
1.12% (2021 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2022
1.19% (2022 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2023
1.21% (2023 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2024
1.15% (2024 est.)
Military and Security: Military service age and obligation
generally 18-25 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women, but may go up to 35 years of age depending on education levels and for medical specialists; no conscription (2026)
People and Society: Age structure: 0-14 years
41.2% (male 14,039,292/female 13,740,439)
People and Society: Age structure: 15-64 years
55.4% (male 18,677,388/female 18,708,390)
People and Society: Age structure: 65 years and over
3.4% (2024 est.) (male 975,224/female 1,321,388)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: beer
0.74 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: other alcohols
6.6 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: spirits
0.38 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: total
7.81 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: wine
0.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Birth rate
33.45 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Child marriage: men married by age 18
3.5% (2022)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 15
5.2% (2022)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 18
29.1% (2022)
People and Society: Children under the age of 5 years underweight
11.4% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Current health expenditure
3.05% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Currently married women (ages 15-49)
59.2% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Death rate
4.96 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: elderly dependency ratio
5.8 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: potential support ratio
17.3 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio
81.8 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: youth dependency ratio
76 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: rural
rural: 49% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: total
total: 60.8% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: urban
urban: 81.1% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: rural
rural: 51% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: total
total: 39.2% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: urban
urban: 18.9% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP)
3.2% of GDP (2024 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% national budget)
13.4% national budget (2024 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditures
3.16% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Ethnic groups
mainland - African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, African, mixed Arab and African
People and Society: Gross reproduction rate
2.19 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
3.4% of GDP (2021)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
5.1% of national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
3.50% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Hospital bed density
0.6 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: female
26.9 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: male
32.3 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: total
28.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
People and Society: Languages: Languages
Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic, many local languages
People and Society: Languages: major-language sample(s)
The World Factbook, Chanzo cha Lazima Kuhusu Habari ya Msingi. (Kiswahili) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: female
70.0 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: male
64.4 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: female
73.1% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: male
84.2% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: total population
78.21% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Major urban areas - population
262,000 Dodoma (legislative capital) (2018), 7.776 million DAR ES SALAAM (administrative capital), 1.311 million Mwanza, 800,000 Zanzibar (2023)
People and Society: Maternal mortality ratio
276 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
People and Society: Median age: female
19.4 years
People and Society: Median age: male
18.8 years
People and Society: Mother's mean age at first birth
19.9 years (2022 est.)
People and Society: Nationality: adjective
Tanzanian
People and Society: Net migration rate
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Obesity - adult prevalence rate
8.4% (2016)
People and Society: Physician density
0.13 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
People and Society: Population
68,560,157 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population distribution
the largest and most populous East African country; population distribution is extremely uneven, but greater population clusters occur in the northern half of country and along the east coast, as shown in this population distribution map
People and Society: Population growth rate
2.87% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population: female
34,548,015
People and Society: Population: male
34,597,449
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: rural
rural: 27.2% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: total
total: 50.1% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: urban
urban: 89.6% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: rural
rural: 72.8% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: total
total: 49.9% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: urban
urban: 10.4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): female
9 years (2021 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): male
9 years (2021 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total
9 years (2021 est.)
People and Society: Sex ratio: 0-14 years
1.02 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 15-64 years
1 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 65 years and over
0.74 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: at birth
1.03 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: total population
1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: female
2% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: male
11.3% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: total
6.5% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Total fertility rate
4.54 children born/woman (2024 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
4.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: urban population
36.17% (2024 est.)
Terrorism: Terrorist group(s)
al-Shabaab; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: IDPs
75,117 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees
218,123 (2024 est.)
Transportation: Airports
206 (2025)
Transportation: Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
5H
Transportation: Merchant marine: by type
bulk carrier 4, container ship 17, general cargo 170, oil tanker 58, other 132
Transportation: Merchant marine: total
381 (2023)
Transportation: Ports: key ports
Chake Chake, Dar Es Salaam, Tanga, Zanzibar
Transportation: Ports: large
0
Transportation: Ports: medium
1
Transportation: Ports: ports with oil terminals
4
Transportation: Ports: small
3
Transportation: Ports: total ports
8 (2024)
Transportation: Ports: very small
4
Transportation: Railways: broad gauge
2,707 km (2022) 1.000 m guage
Transportation: Railways: narrow gauge
969 km (2022) 1.067 m gauge
Transportation: Railways: standard gauge
421 km (2022)
Transportation: Railways: total
4,097 km (2022)
Warning: Some information might be outdated or incorrect, please check statistics before using(most of the economical stats are correct, its mostly the Population stats that are incorrect). Some dates are listed but some are missed, if you have any issues please report it to the Github at github.com.