Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
(2022 est.) less than 1
Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total
6,000 (2022 est.)
Communications: Broadcast media
state-run broadcaster has 9 national TV and 10 radio stations, and 4 regional stations; 31 independent TV and 20 independent radio stations broadcast locally and regionally; Russian and other foreign stations available via cable and satellite (2016)
Communications: Internet country code
.tj
Communications: Internet users: percent of population
55.79% (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
5 (2022 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions
502,000 (2021 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
119 (2023 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions
7.92 million (2023 est.)
Economy: Agricultural products
potatoes, milk, wheat, watermelons, onions, tomatoes, carrots/turnips, cotton, vegetables, grapes (2023)
Economy: Budget: expenditures
$3.036 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: revenues
$2.911 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2013
-$884.8 million (2013 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2014
-$316.5 million (2014 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2015
-$477.1 million (2015 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2016
-$365.9 million (2016 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2017
$159.0 million (2017 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2018
-$379.7 million (2018 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2019
-$185.3 million (2019 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2020
$353.8 million (2020 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2021
$735.5 million (2021 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2022
$1.635 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2023
$584.022 million (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2024
$887.016 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2022
$6.724 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2023
$3.024 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates
10.7995 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Currency
Tajikistani somoni (TJS) per US dollar -
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2013
4.7642 (2013 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2014
4.9376 (2014 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2015
6.1631 (2015 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2016
7.8357 (2016 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2017
8.5497 (2017 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2018
9.1512 (2018 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2019
9.5304 (2019 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2020
10.3219 (2020 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2021
11.3088 (2021 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2022
11.0311 (2022 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2023
10.8445 (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2024
10.7995 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exports - commodities
gold, precious metal ore, aluminum, lead ore, antimony (2023)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2011
$1.073 billion (2011 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2014
$835.6 million (2014 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2015
$810.8 million (2015 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2016
$923.0 million (2016 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2017
$1.125 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2018
$1.116 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2019
$1.243 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2020
$1.409 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2021
$2.161 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2022
$1.753 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2023
$2.105 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2024
$1.618 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: exports of goods and services
17.2% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: government consumption
10.7% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption
89.6% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: imports of goods and services
-48.4% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in fixed capital
28.3% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in inventories
3.4% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture
22.9% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: industry
33.6% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: services
34.7% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - per capita (PPP)
$5,406 (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (official exchange rate)
$14.205 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (purchasing power parity) - real
$57.254 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015
34.0 (2015 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021
32.4 (2021 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022
39.5 (2022 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2023
38.0 (2023 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2024
36.1 (2024 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%
26.4% (2015 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%
3% (2015 est.)
Economy: Imports - commodities
garments, footwear, cars, wheat, vehicle parts/accessories (2023)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2010
$3.304 billion (2010 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2015
$3.320 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2016
$2.973 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2017
$2.928 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2018
$3.220 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2019
$3.409 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2020
$3.125 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2021
$4.258 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2022
$5.261 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2023
$5.931 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2024
$6.907 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Industrial production growth rate
9.9% (2023 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015
5.71% (2015 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016
6.00% (2016 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017
7.3% (2017 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018
3.9% (2018 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019
7.7% (2019 est.)
Economy: Labor force
2.78 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Population below poverty line
19.80% (2024 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2016
42% of GDP (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014
$26.555 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015
$25.719 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016
$25.833 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017
$27.412 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019
$32.973 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020
$35.624 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021
$39.727 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$42.905 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$46.467 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$50.37 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2015
6.02% (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2016
6.90% (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2017
7.10% (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2018
7.60% (2018 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2019
7.40% (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2020
4.40% (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2021
9.40% (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2022
8.00% (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2023
8.30% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024
8.40% (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2014
$3,152 (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2015
$2,975 (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2016
$2,914 (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2017
$3,017 (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2019
$3,460 (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2020
$3,654 (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2021
$3,986 (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2022
$4,514 (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2023
$4,964 (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2013
$3.698 billion (2013 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2014
$3.384 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2015
$2.259 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2020
$2.187 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2021
$2.922 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2022
49.9% of GDP (2022 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2023
37.8% of GDP (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2024
47.9% of GDP (2024 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2015
$493.4 million (2015 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2016
$644.8 million (2016 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2017
$1.292 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2018
$1.284 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2019
$1.466 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020
$2.238 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021
$2.499 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$3.847 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$3.304 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$3.631 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Taxes and other revenues
10.8% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2019
7.03% (2019 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2020
7.58% (2020 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2021
7.69% (2021 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2022
11.7% (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2023
11.6% (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024
11.7% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): female
23.3% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): male
30% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total
27.1% (2024 est.)
Energy: Coal: consumption
2.297 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: exports
475,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: imports
147,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: production
2.394 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: proven reserves
4.075 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - rural areas
100%
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - urban areas
99%
Energy: Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels
7.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: hydroelectricity
92.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: consumption
15.275 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: exports
3.101 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: imports
714.025 million kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: installed generating capacity
6.481 million kW (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: transmission/distribution losses
3.94 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023
16.192 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: consumption
43.767 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: imports
24.196 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: production
18.476 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: proven reserves
5.663 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: crude oil estimated reserves
12 million barrels (2021 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption
31,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: total petroleum production
300 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from coal and metallurgical coke
4.676 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from consumed natural gas
86,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from petroleum and other liquids
3.855 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions
8.616 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Climate
mid-latitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains
Environment: Environmental issues
air pollution from motor vehicles and industry; water pollution from agricultural runoff and untreated industrial waste and sewage; poor management of water resources; soil erosion; increasing levels of soil salinity
Environment: International environmental agreements: party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
Environment: International environmental agreements: signed, but not ratified
none of the selected agreements
Environment: Land use: agricultural land
27.9% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 6.1% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 1.5% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 20.4% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: forest
3.1% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: other
69% (2023 est.)
Environment: Particulate matter emissions
53.8 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Environment: Total renewable water resources
21.91 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: agricultural
7.378 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: industrial
1.61 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: municipal
912 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
2.73% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: urban population
26.18% (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually
1.787 million tons (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: percent of municipal solid waste recycled
13.9% (2022 est.)
Geography: Area - comparative
slightly smaller than Wisconsin
Geography: Area: land
141,510 sq km
Geography: Area: water
2,590 sq km
Geography: Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Geography: Elevation: highest point
Qullai Somoniyon 7,495 m
Geography: Elevation: lowest point
Syr Darya (Sirdaryo) 300 m
Geography: Elevation: mean elevation
3,186 m
Geography: Geographic coordinates
39 00 N, 71 00 E
Geography: Geography - note
landlocked; highest point, Qullai Ismoili Somoni (formerly Communism Peak), was the tallest mountain in the former USSR
Geography: Irrigated land
5,681 sq km (2022)
Geography: Land boundaries: border countries
Afghanistan 1,357 km; China 477 km; Kyrgyzstan 984 km; Uzbekistan 1,312 km
Geography: Land boundaries: total
4,130 km
Geography: Land use: agricultural land
27.9% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 6.1% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 1.5% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 20.4% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: forest
3.1% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: other
69% (2023 est.)
Geography: Major rivers (by length in km)
Syr Darya (shared with Kyrgyzstan [s], Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan [m]) - 3,078 km; Amu Darya river source (shared with Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and Uzbekistan [m]) - 2,620 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Geography: Major watersheds (area sq km): Internal (endorheic basin) drainage
Tarim Basin (1,152,448 sq km), (Aral Sea Basin) Amu Darya (534,739 sq km), Syr Darya (782,617 sq km)
Geography: Map references
Asia
Geography: Maritime claims
none (landlocked)
Geography: Natural hazards
earthquakes; floods
Geography: Population distribution
the population is concentrated at lower elevations, with perhaps as many as 90% living in valleys; overall density increases from east to west
Geography: Terrain
mountainous region dominated by the Alay Mountains in the north and the Pamirs in the southeast; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofirnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest
Government: Administrative divisions
2 provinces ( viloyatho , singular - viloyat ), 1 autonomous province* ( viloyati mukhtor ), 1 capital region** ( viloyati poytakht ), and 1 area referred to as Districts Under Republic Administration***; Dushanbe**, Khatlon (Bokhtar), Kuhistoni Badakhshon [Gorno-Badakhshan]* (Khorugh), Nohiyahoi Tobei Jumhuri***, Sughd (Khujand)
Government: Capital: etymology
the name means Monday in Persian; today's city was originally at the crossroads where a large bazaar was held on Mondays, or the second day ( du ) after Saturday ( shambe )
Government: Capital: geographic coordinates
38 33 N, 68 46 E
Government: Capital: time difference
UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by birth
no
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of Tajikistan
Government: Citizenship: dual citizenship recognized
no
Government: Citizenship: residency requirement for naturalization
5 years or 3 years of continuous residence prior to application
Government: Constitution: amendment process
proposed by the president of the republic or by at least one third of the total membership of both houses of the Supreme Assembly; adoption of any amendment requires a referendum, which includes approval of the president or approval by at least two-thirds majority of the Assembly of Representatives; passage in a referendum requires participation of an absolute majority of eligible voters and an absolute majority of votes; constitutional articles, including Tajikistan’s form of government, its territory, and its democratic nature, cannot be amended
Government: Constitution: history
several previous; latest adopted 6 November 1994
Government: Country name: conventional short form
Tajikistan
Government: Country name: etymology
the Persian suffix - ostan means "land," so the country name means "Land of the Tajik [people];" the name Tajik comes from the Sanskrit tajika , a name originally used to distinguish Arabs from Turks and derived from the Tay, an Arab people
Government: Country name: former
Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
Government: Country name: local long form
Jumhurii Tojikiston
Government: Country name: local short form
Tojikiston
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Manuel P. MICALLER Jr. (since 9 March 2023)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: email address and website
DushanbeConsular@state.gov https://tj.usembassy.gov/
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy
109-A Ismoili Somoni Avenue (Zarafshon district), Dushanbe 734019
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: FAX
[992] (37) 229-20-50
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: mailing address
7090 Dushanbe Place, Washington DC 20521-7090
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: telephone
[992] (37) 229-20-00
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery
1005 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission
Ambassador-designate Zavqi ZAVQIZODA (since 14 November 2025)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: email address and website
tajemus@mfa.tj https://mfa.tj/en/washington
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX
[1] (202) 223-6091
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: telephone
[1] (202) 223-6090
Government: Executive branch: cabinet
Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly
Government: Executive branch: chief of state
President Emomali RAHMON (since 16 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly Chairman since 20 November 1992)
Government: Executive branch: election results
2020 : Emomali RAHMON reelected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMON (PDPT) 92.1%, Rustam LATIFZODA (APT) 3.1%, other 4.8% 2013: Emomali RAHMON reelected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMON (PDPT) 84%, Ismoil TALBAKOV CPT) 5%, other 11%
Government: Executive branch: election/appointment process
president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 7-year term (two-term limit), but as the "Leader of the Nation," president has no term limit; prime minister appointed by the president
Government: Executive branch: expected date of next election
2027
Government: Executive branch: head of government
Prime Minister Qohir RASULZODA (since 23 November 2013)
Government: Executive branch: most recent election date
11 October 2020
Government: Flag
description: three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown under seven five-pointed gold stars is in the center of the white stripe meaning: red stands for the sun, victory, and the unity of the nation; white for purity, cotton, and mountain snows; green for Islam and nature's bounty; the crown symbolizes the Tajik people; the stars represent the number seven, which is considered a symbol of perfection and the embodiment of happiness
Government: International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Government: International organization participation
ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Government: Judicial branch: highest court(s)
Supreme Court (consists of the chairman, deputy chairmen, and 34 judges organized into civil, family, criminal, administrative offense, and military chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of the court chairman, deputy chairman, and 5 judges); High Economic Court (consists of 16 judicial positions)
Government: Judicial branch: judge selection and term of office
Supreme Court, Constitutional Court, and High Economic Court judges nominated by the president and approved by the National Assembly; judges of all 3 courts appointed for 10-year renewable terms with no term limits, but the last appointment must occur before the age of 65
Government: Judicial branch: subordinate courts
regional and district courts; Dushanbe City Court; viloyat (province-level) courts; Court of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region
Government: Legal system
civil law system
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: chamber name
House of Representatives (Majlisi namoyandogon)
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: electoral system
mixed system
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: expected date of next election
March 2030
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: most recent election date
3/2/2025
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: number of seats
63 (all directly elected)
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: parties elected and seats per party
People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan (PDPT) (49); Agrarian Party of Tajikistan (APT) (7); Party of Economic Reforms of Tajikistan (PERT) (5); Other (2)
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: percentage of women in chamber
28.6%
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: term in office
5 years
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: chamber name
National Assembly (Majlisi milli)
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: expected date of next election
March 2030
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: most recent election date
3/28/2025
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: number of seats
33 (25 indirectly elected; 8 appointed)
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: percentage of women in chamber
30.3%
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: term in office
5 years
Government: Legislative branch: legislative structure
bicameral
Government: Legislative branch: legislature name
Supreme Council (Majlisi Oli)
Government: National anthem(s): history
adopted 1994; after the fall of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan kept the music of its Soviet-era anthem, but adopted new lyrics
Government: National anthem(s): lyrics/music
Gulnazar KELDI/Sulaimon YUDAKOV
Government: National color(s)
red, white, green
Government: National heritage: selected World Heritage Site locales
Proto-urban Site of Sarazm (c); Tajik National Park (Mountains of the Pamirs) (n); Silk Roads: Zarafshan-Karakum Corridor (c); Tugay forests of the Tigrovaya Balka Nature Reserve (n); Cultural Heritage Sites of Ancient Khuttal (c)
Government: National heritage: total World Heritage Sites
5 (3 cultural, 2 natural)
Government: National holiday
Independence Day (or National Day), 9 September (1991)
Government: National symbol(s)
arc of seven five-pointed stars over a crown, Marco Polo sheep
Government: Political parties
Agrarian Party of Tajikistan or APT Democratic Party or DPT Party of Economic Reforms or PERT People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT Socialist Party of Tajikistan or SPT
Government: Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Introduction: Background
The Tajik people came under Russian imperial rule in the 1860s and 1870s, but Russia's hold on Central Asia weakened following the Revolution of 1917. At that time, bands of indigenous guerrillas (known as "basmachi") fiercely contested Bolshevik control of the area, which was not fully reestablished until 1925. Tajikistan was first established as an autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic in 1924, but in 1929 the Soviet Union made Tajikistan as a separate republic and transferred to it much of present-day Sughd Province. Ethnic Uzbeks form a substantial minority in Tajikistan, and ethnic Tajiks an even larger minority in Uzbekistan. Tajikistan became independent in 1991 after the breakup of the Soviet Union, and the country experienced a civil war among political, regional, and religious factions from 1992 to 1997. Despite Tajikistan's general elections for both the presidency (once every seven years) and legislature (once every five years), observers note an electoral system rife with irregularities and abuse, and results that are neither free nor fair. President Emomali RAHMON, who came to power in 1992 during the civil war and was first elected president in 1994, used an attack planned by a disaffected deputy defense minister in 2015 to ban the last major opposition party in Tajikistan. RAHMON further strengthened his position by having himself declared "Founder of Peace and National Unity, Leader of the Nation," with limitless terms and lifelong immunity through constitutional amendments ratified in a referendum. The referendum also lowered the minimum age required to run for president from 35 to 30, which made RAHMON's first-born son Rustam EMOMALI, the mayor of the capital city of Dushanbe, eligible to run for president in 2020. RAHMON orchestrated EMOMALI's selection in 2020 as chairman of the Majlisi Milli (the upper chamber of Tajikistan's parliament), positioning EMOMALI as next in line of succession for the presidency. RAHMON opted to run in the presidential election later that year and received 91% of the vote. The country remains the poorest of the former Soviet republics. Tajikistan became a member of the WTO in 2013, but its economy continues to face major challenges, including dependence on remittances from Tajikistani migrant laborers in Russia and Kazakhstan, pervasive corruption, the opiate trade, and destabilizing violence emanating from neighboring Afghanistan. Tajikistan has endured several domestic security incidents since 2010, including armed conflict between government forces and local strongmen in the Rasht Valley and between government forces and informal leaders in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast. Tajikistan suffered its first ISIS-claimed attack in 2018, when assailants attacked a group of Western bicyclists, killing four. Friction between forces on the border between Tajikistan and the Kyrgyz Republic flared up in 2021, culminating in fatal clashes between border forces in 2021 and 2022.
Military and Security: Military - note
the military's primary concerns are terrorism, border security, territorial defense, and regional security, particularly in neighboring Afghanistan; Russia is traditionally Tajikistan’s most important security partner and thousands of Russian troops are stationed in the country, primarily at the 201st military base, which Moscow has leased until at least 2042; Russia and Tajikistan have a joint air defense system, and they conduct periodic joint exercises; Tajikistan has been a member of the Russian-led Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and contributes troops to CSTO's rapid reaction force; Tajikistan also cooperates on security matters with China, including joint military training Tajikistan is the only former Soviet republic that did not form its armed forces from old Soviet Army units following the collapse of the USSR in 1991; rather, Russia retained command of the Soviet units there while the Tajik government raised a military from scratch; the first ground forces were officially created in 1993 from groups that fought for the government during the Tajik Civil War (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security forces
Armed Forces of the Republic of Tajikistan: Ground Forces, Mobile Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces Tajik National Guard (TNG); Ministry of Internal Affairs: Internal Troops of Tajikistan; State Committee on National Security: Border Troops (aka Tajik Border Service) (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security service personnel strengths
estimated 10,000 active Armed Forces; estimated 5-10,000 active paramilitary National Guard, Border Service, and Internal Troops personnel (2025)
Military and Security: Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the military is equipped with mostly older Russian and Soviet-era armaments; it also has smaller amounts of items from suppliers such as China, Türkiye, and the US (2025)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2015
1.28% (2015 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2016
1.21% (2016 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2017
1.04% (2017 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2018
1.05% (2018 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2019
1.00% (2019 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2020
0.95% (2020 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2021
1.00% (2021 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2022
1.93% (2022 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2023
2.40% (2023 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2024
1.85% (2024 est.)
Military and Security: Military service age and obligation
18-27 years of age for compulsory (men only) or voluntary (men and women) military service; up to a 24-month service obligation for conscripts based on education level (2025)
People and Society: Age structure: 0-14 years
36.9% (male 1,953,472/female 1,877,192)
People and Society: Age structure: 15-64 years
59.3% (male 3,086,964/female 3,071,642)
People and Society: Age structure: 65 years and over
3.9% (2024 est.) (male 181,382/female 223,411)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: beer
0.38 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: spirits
0.45 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: total
0.85 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: wine
0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Birth rate
25.31 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 15
0.1% (2017)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 18
8.7% (2017)
People and Society: Children under the age of 5 years underweight
5.2% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Current health expenditure
7.44% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Currently married women (ages 15-49)
68% (2020 est.)
People and Society: Death rate
4.45 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: elderly dependency ratio
6.9 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: potential support ratio
14.5 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio
68.5 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: youth dependency ratio
61.5 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: rural
rural: 76.6% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: total
total: 81.9% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: urban
urban: 95.6% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: rural
rural: 23.4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: total
total: 18.1% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: urban
urban: 4.4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP)
5.4% of GDP (2023 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% national budget)
19.3% national budget (2024 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditures
5.44% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Ethnic groups
Tajik 84.3% (includes Pamiri and Yagnobi), Uzbek 13.8%, other 2% (includes Kyrgyz, Russian, Turkmen, Tatar, Arab) (2014 est.)
People and Society: Gross reproduction rate
1.71 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
8% of GDP (2021)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
6.4% of national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
0.20% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Hospital bed density
4.0 beds/1,000 population (2023 est.)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: female
18.9 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: male
24.3 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: total
23.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
People and Society: Languages: Languages
Tajik (official) 84.4%, Uzbek 11.9%, Kyrgyz 0.8%, Russian 0.5%, other 2.4% (2010 est.)
People and Society: Languages: major-language sample(s)
Китоби Фактҳои Ҷаҳонӣ, манбаи бебадали маълумоти асосӣ (Tajik) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: female
74.1 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: male
69.7 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: female
94.6% (2017 est.)
People and Society: Major urban areas - population
987,000 DUSHANBE (capital) (2023)
People and Society: Maternal mortality ratio
14 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
People and Society: Median age: female
23.2 years
People and Society: Median age: male
22.3 years
People and Society: Mother's mean age at first birth
23.2 years (2017 est.)
People and Society: Nationality: adjective
Tajikistani
People and Society: Net migration rate
-1.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Obesity - adult prevalence rate
14.2% (2016)
People and Society: Physician density
1.87 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
People and Society: Population
10,590,927 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population distribution
the population is concentrated at lower elevations, with perhaps as many as 90% living in valleys; overall density increases from east to west
People and Society: Population growth rate
1.92% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population: female
5,270,956
People and Society: Population: male
5,322,920
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: rural
rural: 99.6% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: total
total: 99.4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: urban
urban: 98.9% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: rural
rural: 0.4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: total
total: 0.6% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: urban
urban: 1.1% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): female
11 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): male
12 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total
12 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Sex ratio: 0-14 years
1.04 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 15-64 years
1 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 65 years and over
0.81 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: total population
1.01 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
People and Society: Total fertility rate
3.04 children born/woman (2024 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
2.73% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: urban population
26.18% (2024 est.)
Terrorism: Terrorist group(s)
Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: IDPs
238 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees
15,191 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: stateless persons
4,466 (2024 est.)
Transportation: Airports
19 (2025)
Transportation: Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
EY
Transportation: Heliports
1 (2025)
Transportation: Railways: broad gauge
680 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge
Transportation: Railways: total
680 km (2014)
Warning: Some information might be outdated or incorrect, please check statistics before using(most of the economical stats are correct, its mostly the Population stats that are incorrect). Some dates are listed but some are missed, if you have any issues please report it to the Github at github.com.