Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
33 (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total
1.83 million (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadcast media
state-owned public broadcaster, Radio and Television of Slovakia (RTVS), has 2 national TV stations; roughly 50 privately owned national, regional, and local TV stations; about 40% of households connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV; multiple RTVS national and regional radio networks; 32 privately owned radio stations
Communications: Internet country code
.sk
Communications: Internet users: percent of population
89.83% (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
9 (2023 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions
505,000 (2023 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
132 (2022 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions
7.63 million (2023 est.)
Economy: Agricultural products
wheat, sugar beets, maize, milk, barley, rapeseed, sunflower seeds, potatoes, soybeans, pork (2023)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on alcohol and tobacco
4.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on food
19.4% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: expenditures
$46.056 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Budget: revenues
$43.882 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2013
$2.885 billion (2013 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2014
$1.807 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2015
-$1.829 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2016
-$1.281 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2017
-$1.649 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2018
-$1.698 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2019
-$3.718 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2020
-$470.9 million (2020 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2021
-$5.776 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2022
-$11.126 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2023
-$1.169 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2024
-$3.895 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates
0.923890 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Currency
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2013
0.752945 (2013 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2014
0.752728 (2014 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2015
0.901296 (2015 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2016
0.903421 (2016 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2017
0.885206 (2017 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2018
0.846773 (2018 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2019
0.893276 (2019 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2020
0.875506 (2020 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2021
0.845494 (2021 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2022
0.949624 (2022 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2023
0.924840 (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2024
0.923890 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exports - commodities
cars, vehicle parts/accessories, video displays, broadcasting equipment, refined petroleum (2023)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2011
$84.383 billion (2011 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2014
$91.989 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2015
$80.879 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2016
$83.401 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2017
$90.174 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2018
$101.203 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2019
$97.211 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2020
$90.817 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2021
$109.378 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2022
$114.519 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2023
$122.04 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2024
$120.355 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: exports of goods and services
91.3% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: government consumption
20% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption
58.4% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: imports of goods and services
-89.8% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in fixed capital
21.1% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in inventories
-1.3% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture
2% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: industry
28.5% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: services
60% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - per capita (PPP)
$48,132 (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (official exchange rate)
$141.776 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (purchasing power parity) - real
$260.977 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015
26.5 (2015 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016
25.2 (2016 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017
23.2 (2017 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018
25.0 (2018 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019
23.2 (2019 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020
24.2 (2020 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021
24.1 (2021 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022
24.1 (2022 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2023
23.8 (2023 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%
18.2% (2022 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%
2.8% (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports - commodities
vehicle parts/accessories, broadcasting equipment, cars, plastic products, insulated wire (2023)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2010
$71.092 billion (2010 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2015
$79.130 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2016
$81.715 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2017
$88.964 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2018
$100.008 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2019
$97.247 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2020
$89.672 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2021
$109.928 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2022
$121.473 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2023
$119.739 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2024
$120.29 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Industrial production growth rate
0.3% (2024 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015
-0.33% (2015 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016
-0.52% (2016 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017
1.31% (2017 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018
2.51% (2018 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019
2.66% (2019 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020
1.94% (2020 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021
3.15% (2021 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
12.77% (2022 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
10.53% (2023 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
2.76% (2024 est.)
Economy: Labor force
2.779 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Population below poverty line
13.70% (2021 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2022
64.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014
$157.726 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015
$163.517 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016
$162.207 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017
$164.514 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019
$185.363 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020
$192.849 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021
$208.881 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$209.794 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$214.343 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$218.762 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2015
5.18% (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2016
1.95% (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2017
2.87% (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2018
4.06% (2018 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2019
2.28% (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2020
-2.59% (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2021
5.66% (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2022
0.4% (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2023
2.11% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024
1.94% (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2014
$29,108 (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2015
$30,148 (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2016
$29,868 (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2017
$30,246 (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2019
$33,986 (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2020
$35,328 (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2021
$38,346 (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2022
$41,562 (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2023
$45,974 (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2013
$2.354 billion (2013 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2014
$2.411 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2015
$2.073 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2020
$2.464 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2021
$2.429 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2022
2% of GDP (2022 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2023
2% of GDP (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2024
1.9% of GDP (2024 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2015
$2.892 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2016
$2.880 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2017
$3.621 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2018
$5.229 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2019
$7.169 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020
$9.344 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021
$9.610 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$10.28 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$11.288 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$14.452 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Taxes and other revenues
19.4% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2019
5.76% (2019 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2020
6.72% (2020 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2021
6.89% (2021 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2022
6.14% (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2023
5.84% (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024
5.30% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): female
15% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): male
20.1% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total
18.2% (2024 est.)
Energy: Coal: consumption
6.066 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: exports
13,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: imports
3.658 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: production
2.315 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: proven reserves
19 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: biomass and waste
5.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels
14.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: hydroelectricity
13.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: nuclear
63.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: solar
2.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: consumption
24.18 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: exports
14.078 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: imports
10.671 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: installed generating capacity
8.138 million kW (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: transmission/distribution losses
1.233 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023
127.582 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: consumption
4.277 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: imports
4.56 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: production
46.585 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: proven reserves
14.158 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy: Nuclear energy: Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors
2.3GW (2025 est.)
Energy: Nuclear energy: Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down
3 (2025)
Energy: Nuclear energy: Number of nuclear reactors under construction
1 (2025)
Energy: Nuclear energy: Number of operational nuclear reactors
5 (2025)
Energy: Nuclear energy: Percent of total electricity production
61.3% (2023 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: crude oil estimated reserves
9 million barrels (2021 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption
90,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: total petroleum production
7,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from coal and metallurgical coke
9.607 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from consumed natural gas
8.368 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from petroleum and other liquids
12.112 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions
30.087 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Climate
temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
Environment: Environmental issues
air pollution and acid rain; land erosion from agricultural and mining practices; water pollution
Environment: Geoparks: global geoparks and regional networks
Novohrad-Nógrád (includes Hungary) (2023)
Environment: Geoparks: total global geoparks and regional networks
1
Environment: International environmental agreements: party to
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
Environment: International environmental agreements: signed, but not ratified
Antarctic-Environmental Protection
Environment: Land use: agricultural land
38% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 27.2% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 10.4% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: forest
40.3% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: other
21.4% (2023 est.)
Environment: Particulate matter emissions
16.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Environment: Total renewable water resources
50.1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: agricultural
32.851 million cubic meters (2022)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: industrial
224.562 million cubic meters (2022)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: municipal
306.21 million cubic meters (2022)
Environment: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
0.17% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: urban population
53.19% (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually
2.296 million tons (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: percent of municipal solid waste recycled
13.2% (2022 est.)
Geography: Area - comparative
about 1.5 times the size of Maryland; about twice the size of New Hampshire
Geography: Area: land
48,105 sq km
Geography: Area: water
930 sq km
Geography: Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Geography: Elevation: highest point
Gerlachovsky Stit 2,655 m
Geography: Elevation: lowest point
Bodrok River 94 m
Geography: Elevation: mean elevation
458 m
Geography: Geographic coordinates
48 40 N, 19 30 E
Geography: Geography - note
landlocked; most of the country is rugged and mountainous; the Tatra Mountains in the north are interspersed with many scenic lakes and valleys
Geography: Irrigated land
259 sq km (2022)
Geography: Land boundaries: border countries
Austria 105 km; Czechia 241 km; Hungary 627 km; Poland 517 km; Ukraine 97 km
Geography: Land boundaries: total
1,587 km
Geography: Land use: agricultural land
38% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 27.2% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 10.4% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: forest
40.3% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: other
21.4% (2023 est.)
Geography: Major rivers (by length in km)
Dunaj (Danube) (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Geography: Major watersheds (area sq km): Atlantic Ocean drainage
(Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)
Geography: Map references
Europe
Geography: Maritime claims
none (landlocked)
Geography: Natural hazards
flooding
Geography: Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country; slightly larger concentration in the west in proximity to the Czech border
Geography: Terrain
rugged mountains in the central and northern part and lowlands in the south
Government: Administrative divisions
8 regions ( kraje , singular - kraj ); Banska Bystrica, Bratislava, Kosice, Nitra, Presov, Trencin, Trnava, Zilina
Government: Capital: daylight saving time
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Government: Capital: etymology
the meaning is unclear but has medieval Slavic origins; the name was adopted in 1919 after Czechoslovakia gained its independence, replacing the name Prešporok
Government: Capital: geographic coordinates
48 09 N, 17 07 E
Government: Capital: time difference
UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by birth
no
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of Slovakia
Government: Citizenship: dual citizenship recognized
no
Government: Citizenship: residency requirement for naturalization
5 years
Government: Constitution: amendment process
proposed by the National Council; passage requires at least three-fifths majority vote of Council members
Government: Constitution: history
several previous (pre-independence); latest passed by the National Council 1 September 1992, signed 3 September 1992, effective 1 October 1992
Government: Country name: conventional short form
Slovakia
Government: Country name: etymology
the country takes its name from the local Slav ethnic group; the origin of the group's name is unclear, although early forms were used in Medieval Latin (Sclavus) and Byzantine Greek (Sklabos)
Government: Country name: local long form
Slovenska republika
Government: Country name: local short form
Slovensko
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Gautam A. RANA (since 28 September 2022)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: email address and website
consulbratislava@state.gov https://sk.usembassy.gov/
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy
P.O. Box 309, 814 99 Bratislava
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: FAX
[421] (2) 5441-8861
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: mailing address
5840 Bratislava Place, Washington DC 20521-5840
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: telephone
[421] (2) 5443-3338
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery
3523 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Andrej DROBA (since 16 December 2025)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s) general
New York
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: email address and website
emb.washington@mzv.sk https://www.mzv.sk/web/washington-en
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX
[1] (202) 237-6438
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: telephone
[1] (202) 237-1054
Government: Executive branch: cabinet
Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
Government: Executive branch: chief of state
President Peter PELLEGRINI (since 15 June 2024)
Government: Executive branch: election results
2024: Peter PELLEGRINI elected president in the second round; percent of vote in second round Peter PELLEGRINI 53.1%; Ivan KORCOK 46.9%; percent of vote in first round - Ivan KORCOK (independent) 42.5%; Peter PELLEGRINI (Hlas-SD) 37%; Stefan HARABIN (independent) 11.7%, other 8.8%; 2019: Zuzana CAPUTOVA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Zuzana CAPUTOVA (PS) 58.4%, Maros SEFCOVIC (independent) 41.6%
Government: Executive branch: election/appointment process
president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); following National Council elections, the president designates a prime minister candidate, usually the leader of the party or coalition that wins the most votes, who must win a vote of confidence in the National Council
Government: Executive branch: expected date of next election
2029
Government: Executive branch: head of government
Prime Minister Robert FICO (since 25 October 2023)
Government: Executive branch: most recent election date
23 March 2024, with a runoff on 6 April 2024
Government: Flag
description: three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red; the national coat of arms (a red shield bordered in white, with a white double-barred cross of St. Cyril and St. Methodius on top of three blue hills) is centered over the bands but offset to the left meaning: white, blue, and red are the pan-Slav colors
Government: International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Government: International organization participation
Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Government: Judicial branch: highest court(s)
Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic (consists of the court president, vice president, and approximately 80 judges organized into criminal, civil, commercial, and administrative divisions with 3- and 5-judge panels); Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic (consists of 13 judges organized into 3-judge panels)
Government: Judicial branch: judge selection and term of office
Supreme Court judge candidates nominated by the Judicial Council of the Slovak Republic, an 18-member self-governing body that includes the Supreme Court chief justice and presidential, governmental, parliamentary, and judiciary appointees; judges appointed by the president serve for life, subject to removal by the president at age 65; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the National Council of the Republic and appointed by the president; judges serve 12-year terms
Government: Judicial branch: subordinate courts
regional and district civil courts; Special Criminal Court; Higher Military Court; military district courts; Court of Audit
Government: Legal system
civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes
Government: Legislative branch: chamber name
National Council (Národná rada)
Government: Legislative branch: electoral system
proportional representation
Government: Legislative branch: expected date of next election
September 2027
Government: Legislative branch: legislative structure
unicameral
Government: Legislative branch: legislature name
National Council (Narodna rada Slovenskej republiky)
Government: Legislative branch: most recent election date
9/30/2023
Government: Legislative branch: number of seats
150 (all directly elected)
Government: Legislative branch: parties elected and seats per party
Smer - Social Democracy (Smer-SD) (42); Progressive Slovakia (PS) (32); Hlas (“Voice”) - SD (27); Coalition OĽaNO and Friends, 'For the People' and 'Christian Union' (16); Christian Democratic Movement (KDH) (12); Freedom and Solidarity (SaS) (11); Slovak National Party (SNS) (10)
Government: Legislative branch: percentage of women in chamber
23.3%
Government: Legislative branch: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch: term in office
4 years
Government: National anthem(s): history
adopted 1993; music based on an 1843 Slovak folk song "Kopala studienku" (She Was Digging a Well)
Government: National anthem(s): lyrics/music
Janko MATUSKA/traditional
Government: National color(s)
white, blue, red
Government: National heritage: selected World Heritage Site locales
Historic Town of Banská Štiavnica (c); Levoča, Spišský Hrad, and the Associated Cultural Monuments (c); Vlkolínec (c); Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst (n); Bardejov Town (c); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians (n); Wooden Churches of the Slovak Carpathians (c); Frontiers of the Roman Empire - The Danube Limes (Western Segment) (c)
Government: National heritage: total World Heritage Sites
8 (6 cultural, 2 natural)
Government: National holiday
Constitution Day, 1 September (1992)
Government: National symbol(s)
double-barred cross (Cross of St. Cyril and St. Methodius) over three peaks
Government: Political parties
Direction - Social Democracy or SMER-SD Freedom and Solidarity or SaS Progressive Slovakia or PS Republic Slovakia The Slovak National Party or SNS The Christian Democratic Movement or KDH Voice - Social Democracy or HLAS-SD
Government: Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Introduction: Background
Slovakia traces its roots to the 9th century state of Great Moravia. The Slovaks then became part of the Hungarian Kingdom, where they remained for the next 1,000 years. After the formation of the dual Austro-Hungarian monarchy in 1867, language and education policies favoring the use of Hungarian (known as "Magyarization") led to a public backlash that boosted Slovak nationalism and strengthened Slovak cultural ties with the closely related Czechs, who fell administratively under the Austrian half of the empire. When the Austro-Hungarian Empire dissolved at the end of World War I, the Slovaks joined the Czechs to form Czechoslovakia. During the interwar period, Slovak nationalist leaders pushed for autonomy within Czechoslovakia, and in 1939, in the wake of Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland, the newly established Slovak Republic became a German client state for the remainder of World War II. After World War II, Czechoslovakia was reconstituted and came under communist rule within Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe. In 1968, Warsaw Pact troops invaded and ended the efforts of Czechoslovakia's leaders to liberalize communist rule and create "socialism with a human face," ushering in a period of repression known as "normalization." The peaceful Velvet Revolution swept the Communist Party from power at the end of 1989 and inaugurated a return to democratic rule and a market economy. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia underwent a nonviolent "velvet divorce" into its two national components, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Slovakia joined both NATO and the EU in 2004 and the euro zone in 2009.
Military and Security: Military - note
the Slovak military is responsible for external defense and fulfilling Slovakia’s commitments to European and international security; Slovakia has been a member of both the EU and NATO since 2004; a key focus of the Slovak military is fulfilling the country’s security responsibilities to NATO, including modernizing and acquiring NATO-compatible equipment, participating in training exercises, and providing forces for security missions such as NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence in the Baltic States; since 2022, Slovakia has hosted a multinational NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the NATO effort to boost the defenses of Eastern Europe since the Russian invasion of Ukraine; Slovakia also contributes to EU and UN peacekeeping missions the Slovak Air Force has only a handful of fighter aircraft and is assisted by NATO’s air policing mission over Slovakia, which includes fighter aircraft from Czechia and Poland; in 2022, Slovakia signed a defense agreement with the US that allows the US to use two Slovak military air bases (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security forces
Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic (Ozbrojene Sily Slovenskej Republiky): Ground Forces (Slovenské Pozemné Sily), Air Forces (Slovenské Vzdušné Sily), Special Operations Forces (Sily Pre Speciálne Operácie) Ministry of Interior: Slovak Police Force (SPF or Policajný Zbor) (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 17,000 active-duty military personnel (2025)
Military and Security: Military deployments
200 Cyprus (UNFICYP); up to 150 Latvia (NATO) (2025)
Military and Security: Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the military's inventory is a mix of domestically produced, Soviet-era, and more modern/NATO-compatible armaments from suppliers such as Germany and the US (2025)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2015
1.11% (2015 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2016
1.11% (2016 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2017
1.10% (2017 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2018
1.22% (2018 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2019
1.70% (2019 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2020
1.90% (2020 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2021
1.71% (2021 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2022
1.80% (2022 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2023
1.84% (2023 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2024
2.01% (2024 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2025
2% of GDP (2025 est.)
Military and Security: Military service age and obligation
minimum age is 18 for voluntary service for men and women; citizens 18-65 can volunteer for the military reserves (2026)
People and Society: Age structure: 0-14 years
15.3% (male 444,033/female 408,902)
People and Society: Age structure: 15-64 years
66.5% (male 1,834,359/female 1,867,158)
People and Society: Age structure: 65 years and over
18.1% (2024 est.) (male 406,355/female 602,842)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: beer
4.14 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: spirits
4.14 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: total
10.3 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: wine
2.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Birth rate
9.77 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Current health expenditure
7.35% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Currently married women (ages 15-49)
49.2% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Death rate
11.18 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: elderly dependency ratio
27.3 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: potential support ratio
3.7 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio
50.3 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: youth dependency ratio
23 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: total
total: 99.8% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: urban
urban: 99.6% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: total
total: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: urban
urban: 0.4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP)
4.7% of GDP (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% national budget)
11% national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditures
4.66% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Ethnic groups
Slovak 83.8%, Hungarian 7.8%, Romani 1.2%, other 1.8% (includes Czech, Ruthenian, Ukrainian, Russian, German, Polish), unspecified 5.4% (2021 est.)
People and Society: Gross reproduction rate
0.77 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
7.8% of GDP (2021)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
14.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
0.10% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Hospital bed density
5.6 beds/1,000 population (2023 est.)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: female
4.5 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: male
5.7 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: total
5.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
People and Society: Languages: Languages
Slovak (official) 81.8%, Hungarian 8.5%, Roma 1.8%, other 2.2%, unspecified 5.7% (2021 est.)
People and Society: Languages: major-language sample(s)
Svetova Kniha Faktov, nenahraditelny zdroj zakladnej informacie. (Slovak) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: female
81.7 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: male
75.2 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Major urban areas - population
441,000 BRATISLAVA (capital) (2023)
People and Society: Maternal mortality ratio
4 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
People and Society: Median age: female
44.4 years
People and Society: Median age: male
41.3 years
People and Society: Mother's mean age at first birth
27.2 years (2020 est.)
People and Society: Nationality: adjective
Slovak
People and Society: Net migration rate
0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Obesity - adult prevalence rate
20.5% (2016)
People and Society: Physician density
3.7 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
People and Society: Population
5,422,069 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country; slightly larger concentration in the west in proximity to the Czech border
People and Society: Population growth rate
-0.09% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population: female
2,878,902
People and Society: Population: male
2,684,747
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: urban
urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: urban
urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): female
16 years (2023 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): male
15 years (2023 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total
15 years (2023 est.)
People and Society: Sex ratio: 0-14 years
1.09 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 15-64 years
0.98 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 65 years and over
0.67 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: at birth
1.07 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: total population
0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: female
26.3% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: male
34.5% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: total
30.3% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Total fertility rate
1.46 children born/woman (2024 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
0.17% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: urban population
53.19% (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees
144,349 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: stateless persons
65 (2024 est.)
Transportation: Airports
116 (2025)
Transportation: Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
OM
Transportation: Heliports
2 (2025)
Transportation: Railways: total
3,627 km (2020) 1,585 km electrified
Warning: Some information might be outdated or incorrect, please check statistics before using(most of the economical stats are correct, its mostly the Population stats that are incorrect). Some dates are listed but some are missed, if you have any issues please report it to the Github at github.com.