Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
27 (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total
1.57 million (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadcast media
state-controlled broadcast media; 6 domestic TV stations operated by state-owned MediaCorp; broadcasts from Malaysian and Indonesian stations available; satellite dishes banned; multi-channel cable TV services available; 19 domestic radio stations, including 11 for MediaCorp, 5 for state-linked Singapore Press Holdings, 2 for Singapore Armed Forces Reservists Association, and 1 for BBC Radio; Malaysian and Indonesian radio stations available (2019)
Communications: Internet country code
.sg
Communications: Internet users: percent of population
94.38% (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
33 (2023 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions
1.912 million (2023 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
171 (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions
9.96 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Agricultural products
chicken, eggs, vegetables, pork, duck, spinach, lettuce, pork offal, cabbages, pork fat (2023)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on alcohol and tobacco
1.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on food
7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: expenditures
$73.144 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Budget: revenues
$80.836 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2013
$48.312 billion (2013 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2014
$56.519 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2015
$57.574 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2016
$57.822 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2017
$63.748 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2018
$59.253 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2019
$58.234 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2020
$62.158 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2021
$84.926 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2022
$93.771 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2023
$89.403 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2024
$96.015 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates
1.3362 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Currency
Singapore dollars (SGD) per US dollar -
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2013
1.2513 (2013 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2014
1.2671 (2014 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2015
1.3748 (2015 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2016
1.3815 (2016 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2017
1.3809 (2017 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2018
1.3488 (2018 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2019
1.3642 (2019 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2020
1.3797 (2020 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2021
1.3435 (2021 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2022
1.3787 (2022 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2023
1.3428 (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2024
1.3362 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exports - commodities
integrated circuits, refined petroleum, machinery, vaccines, gold (2023)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2011
$568.009 billion (2011 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2014
$604.392 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2015
$549.422 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2016
$525.980 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2017
$590.230 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2018
$672.028 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2019
$665.398 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2020
$634.721 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2021
$797.700 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2022
$947.355 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2023
$917.683 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2024
$978.597 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: exports of goods and services
178.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: government consumption
10.6% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption
31.5% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: imports of goods and services
-143.6% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in fixed capital
21.9% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in inventories
0.3% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture
0% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: industry
21.4% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: services
73% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - per capita (PPP)
$150,689 (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (official exchange rate)
$547.387 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (purchasing power parity) - real
$909.690 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016
45.8 (2016)
Economy: Imports - commodities
integrated circuits, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, gold, gas turbines (2023)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2010
$411.718 billion (2010 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2015
$465.345 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2016
$442.036 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2017
$498.508 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2018
$559.645 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2019
$554.853 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2020
$524.652 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2021
$639.391 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2022
$744.364 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2023
$728.5 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2024
$786.02 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Industrial production growth rate
4.2% (2024 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015
-0.52% (2015 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016
-0.53% (2016 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017
0.58% (2017 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018
0.44% (2018 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019
0.57% (2019 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020
-0.17% (2020 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021
2.32% (2021 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
6.13% (2022 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
4.83% (2023 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
2.39% (2024 est.)
Economy: Labor force
3.722 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2013
99.45% (2013 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2014
99.61% (2014 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2016
108.85% (2016 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2017
109.20% (2017 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2018
110.69% (2018 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2019
128.08% (2019 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2020
151.71% (2020 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2021
149.29% (2021 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2022
154.10% (2022 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2023
175.60% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014
$462.494 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015
$482.410 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016
$504.105 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017
$537.341 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019
$600.787 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020
$577.214 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021
$723.237 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$752.948 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$766.662 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$800.304 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2015
2.98% (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2016
3.75% (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2017
4.48% (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2018
3.45% (2018 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2019
1.31% (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2020
-3.81% (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2021
9.76% (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2022
4.11% (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2023
1.82% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024
4.39% (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2014
$84,555 (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2015
$87,156 (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2016
$89,902 (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2017
$95,744 (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2019
$105,335 (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2020
$101,518 (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2021
$132,617 (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2022
$143,095 (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2023
$143,786 (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2021
0% of GDP (2021 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2022
0% of GDP (2022 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2023
0% of GDP (2023 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2015
$251.876 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2016
$251.058 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2017
$285.000 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2018
$292.716 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2019
$285.478 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020
$369.834 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021
$425.098 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$296.629 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$359.835 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$383.946 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Taxes and other revenues
13.9% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2019
3.10% (2019 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2020
4.10% (2020 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2021
4.64% (2021 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2022
3.59% (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2023
3.44% (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024
2.74% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): female
10.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): male
5.6% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total
7.8% (2024 est.)
Energy: Coal: consumption
1.153 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: exports
97 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: imports
1.326 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: biomass and waste
3.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels
94.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: solar
2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: consumption
56.672 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: installed generating capacity
13.134 million kW (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: transmission/distribution losses
169.447 million kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023
643.259 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: consumption
13.134 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: exports
399.452 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: imports
13.973 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption
1.514 million bbl/day (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from coal and metallurgical coke
2.338 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from consumed natural gas
25.765 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from petroleum and other liquids
210.859 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions
238.962 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Climate
tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - northeastern monsoon (December to March) and southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms
Environment: Environmental issues
water pollution; industrial pollution; limited freshwater resources; waste disposal problems from limited land availability; air pollution; deforestation; seasonal smoke/haze from forest fires in Indonesia
Environment: International environmental agreements: party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
Environment: International environmental agreements: signed, but not ratified
none of the selected agreements
Environment: Land use: agricultural land
0.9% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 0.8% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.1% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)
Environment: Land use: forest
22% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: other
77.1% (2023 est.)
Environment: Particulate matter emissions
10 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Environment: Total renewable water resources
600 million cubic meters (2022)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: agricultural
0 cubic meters (2022)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: industrial
162.624 million cubic meters (2022)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: municipal
198.207 million cubic meters (2022)
Environment: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
0.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: urban population
100.00% (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually
1.87 million tons (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: percent of municipal solid waste recycled
51.7% (2022 est.)
Geography: Area - comparative
slightly more than 3.5 times the size of Washington, D.C.
Geography: Area: land
709.2 sq km
Geography: Area: water
10 sq km
Geography: Coastline
193 km
Geography: Elevation: highest point
Bukit Timah 166 m
Geography: Elevation: lowest point
Singapore Strait 0 m
Geography: Geographic coordinates
1 22 N, 103 48 E
Geography: Geography - note
focal point for Southeast Asian sea routes; consists of about 60 islands, the largest of which by far is Pulau Ujong; land reclamation has removed many former islands and created a number of new ones
Geography: Irrigated land
0 sq km (2022)
Geography: Land boundaries: total
0 km
Geography: Land use: agricultural land
0.9% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 0.8% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.1% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)
Geography: Land use: forest
22% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: other
77.1% (2023 est.)
Geography: Map references
Southeast Asia
Geography: Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone
within and beyond territorial sea, as defined in treaties and practice
Geography: Maritime claims: territorial sea
3 nm
Geography: Natural hazards
flash floods
Geography: Population distribution
most of the urbanization is along the southern coast, with relatively dense population clusters found in the central areas
Geography: Terrain
lowlying, gently undulating central plateau
Government: Administrative divisions
no first-order administrative divisions; five community development councils: Central Singapore Development Council, North East Development Council, North West Development Council, South East Development Council, South West Development Council (2019)
Government: Capital: etymology
name derives from the Sanskrit words simha (lion) and pur (city); according to Malayan folklore, an Indian prince visited Singapore in the 7th century and mistook the first animal he saw for a lion, which is not native to the country
Government: Capital: geographic coordinates
1 17 N, 103 51 E
Government: Capital: time difference
UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by birth
no
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of Singapore
Government: Citizenship: dual citizenship recognized
no
Government: Citizenship: residency requirement for naturalization
10 years
Government: Constitution: amendment process
proposed by Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote in the second and third readings by the elected Parliament membership and assent of the president of the republic; passage of amendments affecting sovereignty or control of the Police Force or the Armed Forces requires at least two-thirds majority vote in a referendum
Government: Constitution: history
several previous; latest adopted 22 December 1965
Government: Country name: conventional short form
Singapore
Government: Country name: etymology
name derives from the Sanskrit words simha (lion) and pur (city); according to Malayan folklore, an Indian prince visited Singapore in the 7th century and mistook the first animal he saw for a lion, which is not native to the country
Government: Country name: local long form
Republic of Singapore
Government: Country name: local short form
Singapore
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Anjani K. SINHA (since 17 November 2025)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: email address and website
singaporeusembassy@state.gov https://sg.usembassy.gov/
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy
27 Napier Road, Singapore 258508
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: FAX
[65] 6476-9340
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: mailing address
4280 Singapore Place, Washington DC 20521-4280
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: telephone
[65] 6476-9100
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery
3501 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission
Ambassador LUI Tuck Yew (since 30 June 2023)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s)
New York
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s) general
San Francisco
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: email address and website
singemb_was@mfa.sg https://www.mfa.gov.sg/washington/
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX
[1] (202) 537-0876
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: telephone
[1] (202) 537-3100
Government: Executive branch: cabinet
Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister; responsible to Parliament
Government: Executive branch: chief of state
President THARMAN Shanmugaratnam (since 14 September 2023)
Government: Executive branch: election results
2023: THARMAN Shanmugaratnam elected president; percent of vote - THARMAN Shanmugaratnam (independent) 70.4%, NG Kok Song (independent) 15.7%, TAN Kin Lian (independent) 13.9% 2017 : HALIMAH Yacob declared president on 13 September 2017, being the only eligible candidate
Government: Executive branch: election/appointment process
president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 6-year term (no term limits); following legislative elections, the president appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister; deputy prime ministers also appointed by the president
Government: Executive branch: expected date of next election
2029
Government: Executive branch: head of government
Prime Minister Lawrence WONG (since 15 May 2024)
Government: Executive branch: most recent election date
1 September 2023
Government: Flag
description: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; a vertical white crescent is on the left side of the red band, with a circle of five five-pointed white stars to the right of the crescent meaning: red stands for brotherhood and equality, and white for purity and virtue; the waxing crescent moon symbolizes a young nation on the ascendancy; the stars represent the national ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice, and equality
Government: International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Government: International organization participation
ADB, AOSIS, APEC, Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN, BIS, C, CP, EAS, FAO, FATF, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNOOSA, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Government: Judicial branch: highest court(s)
Supreme Court (number of judges varies but includes judicial commissioners, judges of appeal, and international judges); the court is organized into an upper-tier Appeal Court and a lower-tier High Court
Government: Judicial branch: judge selection and term of office
judges appointed by the president from candidates recommended by the prime minister after consultation with the chief justice; judges usually serve until retirement at age 65, but terms can be extended
Government: Judicial branch: subordinate courts
district, magistrates', juvenile, family, community, and coroners' courts; small claims tribunals; employment claims tribunals
Government: Legal system
English common law
Government: Legislative branch: electoral system
plurality/majority
Government: Legislative branch: expected date of next election
May 2030
Government: Legislative branch: legislative structure
unicameral
Government: Legislative branch: legislature name
Parliament
Government: Legislative branch: most recent election date
5/3/2025
Government: Legislative branch: number of seats
108 (97 directly elected; 9 appointed)
Government: Legislative branch: parties elected and seats per party
People's Action Party (PAP) (87); Workers' Party (WPS) (12)
Government: Legislative branch: percentage of women in chamber
32.3%
Government: Legislative branch: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch: term in office
5 years
Government: National anthem(s): history
adopted 1959; the anthem is sung only in Malay; first four lines of the melody are used as a presidential salute
Government: National anthem(s): lyrics/music
Zubir SAID
Government: National color(s)
red, white
Government: National heritage: selected World Heritage Site locales
Singapore Botanic Gardens
Government: National heritage: total World Heritage Sites
1 (cultural)
Government: National holiday
National Day, 9 August (1965)
Government: National symbol(s)
lion, merlion (mythical half-lion, half-fish creature), orchid
Government: Political parties
People's Action Party or PAP Workers' Party or WPS there are 13 additional active political parties in Singapore
Government: Suffrage
21 years of age; universal and compulsory
Introduction: Background
A Malay trading port known as Temasek existed on the island of Singapore by the 14th century. The settlement changed hands several times in the ensuing centuries and was eventually burned in the 17th century, falling into obscurity. In 1819, the British founded modern Singapore as a trading colony on the same site and granted it full internal self-government for all matters except defense and foreign affairs in 1959. Singapore joined the Malaysian Federation in 1963 but was ousted two years later and became independent. Singapore subsequently became one of the world's most prosperous countries, with strong international trading links and per capita GDP among the highest globally. The People’s Action Party has won every general election in Singapore since the end of the British colonial era, aided by its success in delivering consistent economic growth, as well as the city-state's fragmented opposition and electoral procedures that strongly favor the ruling party.
Military and Security: Military - note
the SAF’s primary responsibility is external defense, particularly maritime security, but it also trains for certain domestic security operations, including joint deterrence patrols with police in instances of heightened terrorism alerts; the Army includes a “people’s defense force,” which is a divisional headquarters responsible for homeland security and counterterrorism; the SAF regularly participates in bilateral and multilateral training exercises Singapore is a member of the Five Powers Defense Arrangements (FPDA), a series of mutual assistance agreements reached in 1971 embracing Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK; the FPDA commits the members to consult with one another in the event or threat of an armed attack on any of the members and to mutually decide what measures should be taken, jointly or separately; Singapore also has close security ties with the US, including granting the US military access, basing, and overflight privileges the SAF's roots go back to 1854 when the Singapore Volunteer Rifle Corps was formed under colonial rule; the first battalion of regular soldiers, the First Singapore Infantry Regiment, was organized in 1957; the modern SAF was established in 1965 (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security forces
Singapore Armed Forces (SAF; aka Singapore Defense Force): Singapore Army, Republic of Singapore Navy, Republic of Singapore Air Force (includes air defense), Digital and Intelligence Service Ministry of Home Affairs: Singapore Police Force (SPF; includes Police Coast Guard and the Gurkha Contingent) (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security service personnel strengths
information varies; approximately 55,000 active-duty Armed Forces (40,000 Army; 7,000 Navy; 8,000 Air Force) (2025)
Military and Security: Military deployments
maintains permanent training detachments of military personnel in Australia, France, and the US (2025)
Military and Security: Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the SAF has a diverse and modern mix of domestically produced and imported Western weapons systems from such suppliers as France, Germany, and the US; Singapore has a small but sophisticated defense industry, which produces armaments such as armored vehicles and naval warships (2025)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2015
3.05% (2015 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2016
3.10% (2016 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2017
2.97% (2017 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2018
2.81% (2018 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2019
2.76% (2019 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2020
2.80% (2020 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2021
2.54% (2021 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2022
2.41% (2022 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2023
2.83% (2023 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2024
2.84% (2024 est.)
Military and Security: Military service age and obligation
18 years of age for voluntary enlistment for men and women (16.5 for early enlistment program with parental consent); 18-21 years of age for compulsory military service for men; 24-month conscript service obligation (2026)
People and Society: Age structure: 0-14 years
14.6% (male 455,536/female 424,969)
People and Society: Age structure: 15-64 years
71.1% (male 2,157,441/female 2,126,799)
People and Society: Age structure: 65 years and over
14.3% (2024 est.) (male 400,653/female 463,061)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: beer
1.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: other alcohols
0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: spirits
0.24 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: total
1.81 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: wine
0.27 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Birth rate
8.77 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 15
0% (2023)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 18
0.1% (2023)
People and Society: Current health expenditure
4.49% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Currently married women (ages 15-49)
43.8% (2020 est.)
People and Society: Death rate
4.38 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: elderly dependency ratio
21.2 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: potential support ratio
4.7 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio
41.6 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: youth dependency ratio
20.5 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP)
2.2% of GDP (2024 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% national budget)
12% national budget (2025 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditures
2.19% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Ethnic groups
Chinese 74.2%, Malay 13.7%, Indian 8.9%, other 3.2% (2021 est.)
People and Society: Gross reproduction rate
0.58 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
5.6% of GDP (2021)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
18.1% of national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
0.10% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Hospital bed density
2.8 beds/1,000 population (2023 est.)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: female
1.4 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: male
1.7 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: total
1.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
People and Society: Languages: Languages
English (official) 48.3%, Mandarin (official) 29.9%, other Chinese dialects (includes Hokkien, Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka) 8.7%, Malay (official) 9.2%, Tamil (official) 2.5%, other 1.4% (2020 est.)
People and Society: Languages: major-language sample(s)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English) 世界概況 – 不可缺少的基本消息來源 (Mandarin)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: female
85.6 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: male
81.2 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: female
96.4% (2021 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: male
98.9% (2021 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: total population
97.65% (2021 est.)
People and Society: Major urban areas - population
6.081 million SINGAPORE (capital) (2023)
People and Society: Maternal mortality ratio
6 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
People and Society: Median age: female
40.6 years
People and Society: Median age: male
38 years
People and Society: Mother's mean age at first birth
30.5 years (2015 est.)
People and Society: Nationality: adjective
Singapore
People and Society: Net migration rate
4.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Obesity - adult prevalence rate
6.1% (2016)
People and Society: Physician density
2.83 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
People and Society: Population
6,036,860 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population distribution
most of the urbanization is along the southern coast, with relatively dense population clusters found in the central areas
People and Society: Population growth rate
0.85% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Population: female
3,039,683
People and Society: Population: male
3,040,862
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): female
17 years (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): male
17 years (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total
17 years (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sex ratio: 0-14 years
1.07 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 15-64 years
1.01 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 65 years and over
0.87 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: total population
1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: female
3.8% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: male
27.6% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: total
16.2% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Total fertility rate
0.97 children born/woman (2024 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
0.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: urban population
100.00% (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: stateless persons
1,109 (2024 est.)
Transportation: Airports
9 (2025)
Transportation: Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
9V
Transportation: Heliports
1 (2025)
Transportation: Merchant marine: by type
bulk carrier 591, container ship 604, general cargo 107, oil tanker 600, other 1,300
Transportation: Merchant marine: total
3,202 (2023)
Transportation: Ports: key ports
Jurong Island, Keppel - (East Singapore), Pulau Bukom, Pulau Sebarok
Transportation: Ports: large
2
Transportation: Ports: medium
1
Transportation: Ports: ports with oil terminals
3
Transportation: Ports: small
1
Transportation: Ports: total ports
5 (2024)
Transportation: Ports: very small
1
Warning: Some information might be outdated or incorrect, please check statistics before using(most of the economical stats are correct, its mostly the Population stats that are incorrect). Some dates are listed but some are missed, if you have any issues please report it to the Github at github.com.