Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
44 (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total
4.6 million (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadcast media
Radio e Televisao de Portugal, the publicly owned TV broadcaster, operates 4 domestic channels and external service channels to Africa; roughly 40 domestic TV stations; widespread access to international broadcasters, with more than half of households connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems; publicly owned radio operates 3 national networks and provides regional and external services; several privately owned national radio stations and about 300 regional and local commercial radio stations
Communications: Internet country code
.pt
Communications: Internet users: percent of population
88.49% (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
53 (2023 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions
5.505 million (2023 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
124 (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions
12.9 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Agricultural products
milk, tomatoes, olives, grapes, maize, pork, potatoes, chicken, apples, oranges (2023)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on alcohol and tobacco
3.1% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on food
17.3% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: expenditures
$109.044 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: revenues
$112.802 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2013
$3.490 billion (2013 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2014
$725.5 million (2014 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2015
$1.012 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2016
$2.941 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2017
$3.454 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2018
$1.762 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2019
$1.839 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2020
-$1.446 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2021
-$1.721 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2022
-$5.356 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2023
$1.624 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2024
$6.708 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates
0.923890 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Currency
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2013
0.752945 (2013 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2014
0.752728 (2014 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2015
0.901296 (2015 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2016
0.903421 (2016 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2017
0.885206 (2017 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2018
0.846773 (2018 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2019
0.893276 (2019 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2020
0.875506 (2020 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2021
0.845494 (2021 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2022
0.949624 (2022 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2023
0.924840 (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2024
0.923890 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exports - commodities
cars, garments, vehicle parts/accessories, unpackaged medicine, refined petroleum (2023)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2011
$84.455 billion (2011 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2014
$92.457 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2015
$80.984 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2016
$83.255 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2017
$94.844 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2018
$105.740 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2019
$104.818 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2020
$85.547 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2021
$106.387 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2022
$126.953 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2023
$137.934 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2024
$144.237 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: exports of goods and services
47.5% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: government consumption
16.8% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption
62% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: imports of goods and services
-46.4% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in fixed capital
20.1% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in inventories
0.4% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture
2% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: industry
18.4% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: services
66.4% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - per capita (PPP)
$51,680 (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (official exchange rate)
$308.683 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (purchasing power parity) - real
$552.700 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015
35.5 (2015 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016
35.2 (2016 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017
33.8 (2017 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018
33.5 (2018 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019
32.8 (2019 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020
34.7 (2020 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021
34.6 (2021 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022
36.3 (2022 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2023
33.9 (2023 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%
28.8% (2022 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%
2.5% (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports - commodities
cars, crude petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, refined petroleum, garments (2023)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2010
$89.802 billion (2010 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2015
$79.510 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2016
$80.804 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2017
$92.465 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2018
$104.241 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2019
$103.533 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2020
$90.131 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2021
$113.497 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2022
$132.193 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2023
$133.617 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2024
$136.976 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Industrial production growth rate
1.2% (2024 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015
0.49% (2015 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016
0.61% (2016 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017
1.37% (2017 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018
0.99% (2018 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019
0.34% (2019 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020
-0.01% (2020 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021
1.27% (2021 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
7.83% (2022 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
4.31% (2023 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
2.42% (2024 est.)
Economy: Labor force
5.464 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Population below poverty line
16.40% (2021 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2017
125.7% of GDP (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014
$299.182 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015
$306.682 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016
$326.173 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017
$339.610 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019
$389.495 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020
$370.352 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021
$400.564 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$428.547 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$439.745 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$448.226 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2015
1.59% (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2016
2.00% (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2017
3.31% (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2018
2.95% (2018 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2019
2.75% (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2020
-8.20% (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2021
5.56% (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2022
6.99% (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2023
3.10% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024
2.14% (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2014
$28,765 (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2015
$29,608 (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2016
$31,589 (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2017
$32,971 (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2019
$37,866 (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2020
$35,967 (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2021
$38,658 (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2022
$45,250 (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2023
$49,353 (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2013
$564.7 million (2013 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2014
$615.2 million (2014 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2015
$516.8 million (2015 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2020
$1.015 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2021
$1.367 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2022
0.6% of GDP (2022 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2023
0.6% of GDP (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2024
0.6% of GDP (2024 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2015
$19.403 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2016
$24.990 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2017
$26.097 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2018
$24.920 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2019
$25.003 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020
$29.460 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021
$32.535 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$32.232 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$35.243 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$42.434 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Taxes and other revenues
22.8% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2019
6.42% (2019 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2020
6.85% (2020 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2021
6.71% (2021 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2022
6.14% (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2023
6.50% (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024
6.50% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): female
20.7% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): male
21.6% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total
21.2% (2024 est.)
Energy: Coal: consumption
7,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: exports
1 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: imports
6,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: proven reserves
3 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: biomass and waste
7.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels
25.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: geothermal
0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: hydroelectricity
24.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: solar
12.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: wind
29% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: consumption
50.317 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: exports
3.422 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: imports
13.656 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: installed generating capacity
25.409 million kW (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: transmission/distribution losses
5.129 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023
73.285 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: consumption
4.325 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: imports
4.251 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption
204,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: total petroleum production
8,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from coal and metallurgical coke
20,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from consumed natural gas
8.727 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from petroleum and other liquids
29.525 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions
38.272 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Climate
maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south
Environment: Environmental issues
soil erosion; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in urban centers and coastal areas
Environment: Geoparks: global geoparks and regional networks
Açores; Arouca; Estrela; Naturtejo da Meseta Meridional; Oeste; Terras de Cavaleiros (2024)
Environment: Geoparks: total global geoparks and regional networks
6 (2024)
Environment: International environmental agreements: party to
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
Environment: International environmental agreements: signed, but not ratified
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban
Environment: Land use: agricultural land
43.3% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 10.1% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 9.6% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 23.6% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: forest
36.6% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: other
5.7% (2023 est.)
Environment: Particulate matter emissions
7.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Environment: Total renewable water resources
77.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: agricultural
3.419 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: industrial
1.83 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: municipal
920.03 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
0.44% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: urban population
61.33% (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually
5.268 million tons (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: percent of municipal solid waste recycled
23.5% (2022 est.)
Geography: Area - comparative
slightly smaller than Virginia
Geography: Area: land
91,470 sq km
Geography: Area: water
620 sq km
Geography: Coastline
1,793 km
Geography: Elevation: highest point
Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m
Geography: Elevation: lowest point
Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Geography: Elevation: mean elevation
372 m
Geography: Geographic coordinates
39 30 N, 8 00 W
Geography: Geography - note
Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar; they are two of the four North Atlantic archipelagos that make up Macaronesia; the others are the Canary Islands (Spain) and Cabo Verde
Geography: Irrigated land
5,662 sq km (2019)
Geography: Land boundaries: border countries
Spain 1,224 km
Geography: Land boundaries: total
1,224 km
Geography: Land use: agricultural land
43.3% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 10.1% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 9.6% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 23.6% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: forest
36.6% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: other
5.7% (2023 est.)
Geography: Map references
Europe
Geography: Maritime claims: contiguous zone
24 nm
Geography: Maritime claims: continental shelf
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Geography: Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone
200 nm
Geography: Maritime claims: territorial sea
12 nm
Geography: Natural hazards
Azores subject to severe earthquakes volcanism: limited volcanic activity in the Azores Islands; Fayal or Faial (1,043 m) last erupted in 1958; most volcanoes have not erupted in centuries; historically active volcanoes include Agua de Pau, Furnas, Pico, Picos Volcanic System, San Jorge, Sete Cidades, and Terceira
Geography: Population distribution
concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities
Geography: Terrain
the west-flowing Tagus River divides the country: the north is mountainous toward the interior, while the south is characterized by rolling plains
Government: Administrative divisions
18 districts ( distritos , singular - distrito ) and 2 autonomous regions* ( regioes autonomas , singular - regiao autonoma ); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa (Lisbon), Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu
Government: Capital: daylight saving time
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Government: Capital: etymology
the origin of the name is unclear; some trace it back to the legendary Greek hero Ulysses; others claim a derivation from the Phoenician alis-ubbo , or "joyful bay"
Government: Capital: geographic coordinates
38 43 N, 9 08 W
Government: Capital: time difference
UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Government: Capital: time zone note
Portugal has two time zones, including the Azores (UTC-1)
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by birth
no
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of Portugal
Government: Citizenship: dual citizenship recognized
yes
Government: Citizenship: residency requirement for naturalization
10 years; 6 years if from a Portuguese-speaking country
Government: Constitution: amendment process
proposed by the Assembly of the Republic; adoption requires two-thirds majority vote of Assembly members
Government: Constitution: history
several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1976, effective 25 April 1976
Government: Country name: conventional short form
Portugal
Government: Country name: etymology
name derives from the Roman designation "Portus Cale," meaning "Port of Cale;" Cale was located in present-day northern Portugal, and its name is said to come from the Latin word calere (to be warm) because the harbor never iced over
Government: Country name: local long form
Republica Portuguesa
Government: Country name: local short form
Portugal
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission
Ambassador John Joseph ARRIGO (since 30 September 2025)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: consulate(s)
Ponta Delgada (Azores)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: email address and website
conslisbon@state.gov https://pt.usembassy.gov/
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy
Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisboa
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: FAX
[351] (21) 726-9109
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: mailing address
5320 Lisbon Place, Washington DC 20521-5320
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: telephone
[351] (21) 727-3300
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery
2012 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Francisco Antonio DUARTE LOPES (since 7 June 2022)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s)
New Bedford (MA), Providence (RI)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s) general
Boston, Newark (NJ), New York, San Francisco
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: email address and website
info.washington@mne.pt https://washingtondc.embaixadaportugal.mne.gov.pt/en/
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX
[1] (202) 462-3726
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: telephone
[1] (202) 350-5400
Government: Executive branch: cabinet
Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
Government: Executive branch: chief of state
President Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (since 9 March 2016)
Government: Executive branch: election results
2021: Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (PSD) 60.7%, Ana GOMES (ran as an independent but is a member of PS) 13%, Andre VENTURA (CH) 11.9%, João FERREIRA (PCP-PEV) 4.3%, other 10.1% 2016: Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA elected president in the first round; percent of vote - Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (PSD) 52%, António SAMPAIO DA NOVOA (independent) 22.9%, Marisa MATIAS (BE) 10.1%, Maria DE BELEM ROSEIRA (PS) 4.2%, other 10.8%
Government: Executive branch: election/appointment process
president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); following legislative elections, the president usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister
Government: Executive branch: expected date of next election
January 2026
Government: Executive branch: head of government
Prime Minister Antonio Luis MONTENEGRO (since 2 April 2024)
Government: Executive branch: most recent election date
24 January 2021
Government: Flag
description: two vertical bands of green (left side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths), with the national coat of arms (armillary sphere and national shield) centered on the dividing line meaning: explanations for the color meanings are ambiguous, but a popular interpretation says that green symbolizes hope and red the blood of those defending the nation
Government: International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Government: International organization participation
ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, CPLP, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Government: Judicial branch: highest court(s)
Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of 12 justices); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges)
Government: Judicial branch: judge selection and term of office
Supreme Court justices nominated by the president and appointed by the Assembly of the Republic; judges can serve for life; Constitutional Court judges - 10 elected by the Assembly and 3 elected by the other Constitutional Court judges; judges elected for 6-year nonrenewable terms
Government: Judicial branch: subordinate courts
Supreme Administrative Court (Supremo Tribunal Administrativo); Audit Court (Tribunal de Contas); appellate, district, and municipal courts
Government: Legal system
civil law system; Constitutional Court reviews legislative acts
Government: Legislative branch: electoral system
proportional representation
Government: Legislative branch: expected date of next election
September 2029
Government: Legislative branch: legislative structure
unicameral
Government: Legislative branch: legislature name
Assembly of the Republic (Assembleia da Republica)
Government: Legislative branch: most recent election date
5/18/2025
Government: Legislative branch: number of seats
230 (all directly elected)
Government: Legislative branch: parties elected and seats per party
Social Democratic Party (PPD/PSD) - Democratic and Social Centre - People's Party (CDS-PP) (88); Chega (CH) (60); Socialist Party (PS) (58); Other (24)
Government: Legislative branch: percentage of women in chamber
35.7%
Government: Legislative branch: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch: term in office
4 years
Government: National anthem(s): history
adopted 1911; originally written to protest the Portuguese monarchy's acquiescence to the 1890 British ultimatum forcing Portugal to give up areas of Africa
Government: National anthem(s): lyrics/music
Henrique LOPES DE MENDOCA/Alfredo KEIL
Government: National color(s)
red, green
Government: National heritage: selected World Heritage Site locales
Historic Évora (c); Central Zone of the Town of Angra do Heroismo in the Azores (c); Cultural Landscape of Sintra (c); Laurisilva of Madeira (n); Historic Guimarães (c); Monastery of the Hieronymites and Tower of Belém in Lisbon (c); Convent of Christ in Tomar (c); Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Côa Valley and Siega Verde (c); University of Coimbra – Alta and Sofia (c); Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Monte in Braga (c)
Government: National heritage: total World Heritage Sites
17 (16 cultural, 1 natural)
Government: National holiday
Portugal Day (Dia de Portugal), 10 June (1580)
Government: National symbol(s)
armillary sphere (a spherical astrolabe for modeling objects in the sky)
Government: Political parties
Democratic Alliance or AD (2024 electoral alliance in the Azores, includes PSD, CDS-PP, PPM) Democratic and Social Center/People's Party (Partido do Centro Democratico Social-Partido Popular) or CDS-PP Ecologist Party "The Greens" or "Os Verdes" (Partido Ecologista-Os Verdes) or PEV Enough (Chega) Liberal Initiative (Iniciativa Liberal) or IL LIVRE or L People-Animals-Nature Party (Pessoas-Animais-Natureza) or PAN People's Monarchist Party or PPM Portuguese Communist Party (Partido Comunista Portugues) or PCP Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrata) or PSD (formerly the Partido Popular Democratico or PPD) Socialist Party (Partido Socialista) or PS The Left Bloc (Bloco de Esquerda) or BE or O Bloco Unitary Democratic Coalition (Coligacao Democratica Unitaria) or CDU (includes PCP and PEV) (2024)
Government: Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Introduction: Background
A global maritime power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Brazil, its wealthiest colony, in 1822. A revolution deposed the monarchy in 1910, and for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup ushered in broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986.
Military and Security: Military - note
the Portuguese military is responsible for external defense, humanitarian operations, and fulfilling Portugal’s commitments to European and international security; maritime security has long been a key component of the military's portfolio, and Portugal has one of the world's oldest navies Portugal was one of the original signers of the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949 establishing NATO, and the Alliance forms a key pillar of Portugal’s defense policy; Portugal is also a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy, and it regularly participates in a variety of EU and NATO, as well as UN deployments around the world; the military’s largest commitments include air, ground, and naval forces under NATO-led missions and standing task forces in the Baltics, Eastern Europe, and the Mediterranean Sea; the military also participates in exercises with NATO partners (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security forces
Portuguese Armed Forces (Forças Armadas Portuguesa): Portuguese Army (Exercito Portuguesa), Portuguese Navy (Marinha Portuguesa; includes Marine Corps, aka Corpo de Fuzileiros or Corps of Fusiliers), Portuguese Air Force (Forca Aerea Portuguesa, FAP) Ministry of Internal Administration: Public Security Police (Polícia de Segurança Pública, PSP) , National Republican Guard (Guarda Nacional Republicana, GNR) (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 25,000 active-duty military personnel (2025)
Military and Security: Military deployments
the Portuguese Armed Forces have more than 1,100 military personnel deployed around the world engaged in missions supporting the EU, NATO, the UN, and partner nations; key deployments include 225 troops in the Central African Republic under the UN and about 350 troops supporting NATO's forward presence in Lithuania and Romania; it also participates in NATO air policing and maritime patrolling operations (2025)
Military and Security: Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the military's inventory includes mostly European- and US-origin weapons systems along with smaller amounts of domestically produced equipment; Portugal's defense industry is noted for its shipbuilding (2025)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2015
1.33% (2015 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2016
1.54% (2016 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2017
1.24% (2017 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2018
1.34% (2018 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2019
1.37% (2019 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2020
1.43% (2020 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2021
1.52% (2021 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2022
1.39% (2022 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2023
1.47% (2023 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2024
1.53% (2024 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2025
2% of GDP (2025 est.)
Military and Security: Military service age and obligation
18-30 years of age for voluntary or contract military service for men and women (upper age limit varies by military branch, position, role); no compulsory military service (abolished 2004) but conscription possible if insufficient volunteers available; contract service lasts for an initial period of 2-6 years, and can be extended to a maximum of 20 years of service; initial voluntary military service lasts 12 months; reserve obligation to age 35 (2025)
People and Society: Age structure: 0-14 years
12.7% (male 662,419/female 631,284)
People and Society: Age structure: 15-64 years
65% (male 3,264,766/female 3,371,087)
People and Society: Age structure: 65 years and over
22.3% (2024 est.) (male 908,578/female 1,369,043)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: beer
2.62 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: other alcohols
0.37 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: spirits
1.34 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: total
10.37 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: wine
6.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Birth rate
8.03 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Children under the age of 5 years underweight
0.9% (2016 est.)
People and Society: Current health expenditure
10.24% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Currently married women (ages 15-49)
50.6% (2021 est.)
People and Society: Death rate
10.92 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: elderly dependency ratio
35 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: potential support ratio
2.9 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio
54.3 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: youth dependency ratio
19.3 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: rural
rural: 97.9% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: total
total: 99.3% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: urban
urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: rural
rural: 2.1% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: total
total: 0.7% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: urban
urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP)
4.6% of GDP (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% national budget)
10.4% national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditures
4.55% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Ethnic groups
Portuguese 95%; citizens from Portugal’s former colonies in Africa, Asia (Han Chinese), and South America (Brazilian) and other foreign born 5%
People and Society: Gross reproduction rate
0.71 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
10.6% of GDP (2022)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
14.8% of national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
0.50% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Hospital bed density
3.5 beds/1,000 population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: female
2.1 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: male
2.8 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: total
2.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: female
85.2 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: male
79.7 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: total population
94.48% (2011 est.)
People and Society: Major urban areas - population
3.001 million LISBON (capital), 1.325 million Porto (2023)
People and Society: Maternal mortality ratio
15 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
People and Society: Median age: female
48.3 years
People and Society: Median age: male
44.3 years
People and Society: Mother's mean age at first birth
29.9 years (2020 est.)
People and Society: Nationality: adjective
Portuguese
People and Society: Net migration rate
1.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Obesity - adult prevalence rate
20.8% (2016)
People and Society: Physician density
5.85 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
People and Society: Population
10,694,681 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population distribution
concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities
People and Society: Population growth rate
-0.11% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Population: female
5,363,111
People and Society: Population: male
4,831,166
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): female
18 years (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): male
17 years (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total
18 years (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sex ratio: 0-14 years
1.05 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 15-64 years
0.97 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 65 years and over
0.66 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: total population
0.9 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: female
15.9% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: male
26.1% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: total
20.7% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Total fertility rate
1.41 children born/woman (2024 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
0.44% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: urban population
61.33% (2024 est.)
Space: Key space-program milestones
1993 - first technology demonstrator microsatellite (PoSat-1) launched on a European rocket 2000 - joined the ESA 2020 - launched strategic plan for space development (Portugal Space 2030), which included building a spaceport, developing a reusable rocket/satellite launch vehicle, growing the country's domestic commercial space sector, and establishing an Earth observation/remote sensing satellite constellation 2024 - first Portuguese communications satellite (PoSat-2) launched by US as part of a planned constellation of 12 ocean-monitoring/maritime communication satellites 2026 - signed US-led Artemis Accords outlining best practices for responsible space exploration
Space: Space agency/agencies
Portuguese Space Agency (Agência Espacial Portuguesa; aka Portugal Space; established 2019) (2025)
Space: Space launch site(s)
in August 2025, Portugal granted a license to a commercial consortium to build and operate a space launch center on the island of Santa Maria in the Azores; the first orbital launches are expected in 2027 (2025)
Space: Space program overview
largely focuses on the acquisition and operation of satellites; researches and develops a range of space-related technologies with an emphasis on small satellites for remote sensing (RS), navigational, science/technology, and telecommunications, as well as satellite launch services; space program is integrated with the ESA and involved in a variety of ESA and EU space programs; works with the space agencies and industries of a range of countries, including Algeria, Angola, Brazil, China, India, Japan, Morocco, South Korea, and the US; also cooperates with international organizations and projects such as the Europe South Observatory and the Square Kilometer Array; one of the objectives of the country's national space strategy is to expand its commercial space sector (2025)
Terrorism: Terrorist group(s)
Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: IDPs
21 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees
71,166 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: stateless persons
31 (2024 est.)
Transportation: Airports
128 (2025)
Transportation: Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
CR, CS
Transportation: Heliports
65 (2025)
Transportation: Merchant marine: by type
bulk carrier 110, container ship 299, general cargo 191, oil tanker 29, other 259
Transportation: Merchant marine: total
888 (2023)
Transportation: Ports: key ports
Aveiro, Funchal, Lagos, Lisboa, Sines
Transportation: Ports: large
3
Transportation: Ports: medium
2
Transportation: Ports: ports with oil terminals
5
Transportation: Ports: small
4
Transportation: Ports: total ports
18 (2024)
Transportation: Ports: very small
9
Transportation: Railways: total
2,526 km (2020) 1,696 km electrified
Warning: Some information might be outdated or incorrect, please check statistics before using(most of the economical stats are correct, its mostly the Population stats that are incorrect). Some dates are listed but some are missed, if you have any issues please report it to the Github at github.com.