Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
18.13 (2023, World Bank)
Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total
809,000 (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadcast media
multiple privately owned TV networks and a government-owned educational TV station; multi-channel cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; more than 100 commercial radio stations (2019)
Communications: Internet country code
.pa
Communications: Internet users: percent of population
72.8% (2024, World Bank)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
17.36 (2023, World Bank)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions
811,000 (2023 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
156.59 (2023, World Bank)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions
6.98 million (2023 est.)
Economy: Agricultural products
sugarcane, rice, bananas, oranges, oil palm fruit, chicken, plantains, maize, milk, pineapples (2023)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on alcohol and tobacco
1.6% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on food
15.4% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: expenditures
$12.046 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Budget: revenues
$7.57 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2022
$28.769 million (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2023
-$2.581 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2024
$-169.048 million (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Exchange rates: Currency
balboas (PAB) per US dollar -
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2020
1 (2020 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2021
1 (2021 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2022
1 (2022 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2023
1 (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2024
1 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exports - commodities
copper ore, ships, refined petroleum, bananas, fish (2023)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2022
$35.717 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2023
$37.905 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2024
$38.380 billion (2024, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: exports of goods and services
44.4% (2024, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: government consumption
12.4% (2024, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption
49.0% (2024, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: imports of goods and services
39.3% (2024, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in fixed capital
31.4% (2024, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in inventories
5.4% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture
2.6% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: industry
24.9% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: services
70.0% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - per capita (PPP)
$43,902 (2025, World Bank)
Economy: GDP (official exchange rate)
$90.463 billion (2025, World Bank)
Economy: GDP (purchasing power parity) - real
$171.494 billion (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2023
48.9 (2023 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2024
49.70 (2024, World Bank)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%
37.6% (2024, World Bank)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%
1.2% (2024, World Bank)
Economy: Imports - commodities
crude petroleum, ships, refined petroleum, nitrogen compounds, cars (2023)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2022
$32.646 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2023
$35.927 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2024
$34.018 billion (2024, World Bank)
Economy: Industrial production growth rate
-2.6% (2024 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
2.9% (2022 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
1.5% (2023 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
-0.2% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Labor force
2,287,522 (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Population below poverty line
21.7% (2023, World Bank)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2016
37.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$148.891 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$159.908 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$171.494 billion (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2022
10.8% (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2023
7.4% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024
4.4% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2022
$33,800 (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2023
$35,900 (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2022
0.7% of GDP (2022 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2023
0.6% of GDP (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2024
0.7% of GDP (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$6.876 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$6.757 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$6.241 billion (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Taxes and other revenues
10.7% of GDP (2024, World Bank)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2022
8.1% (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2023
6.6% (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024
8.4% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): female
26.2% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): male
15.4% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total
19.8% (2025, World Bank)
Energy: Coal: consumption
863,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: imports
863,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - rural areas
92.1% (2024, World Bank)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - total population
96.0% (2024, World Bank)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - urban areas
98.0% (2024, World Bank)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: biomass and waste
0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels
38.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: hydroelectricity
47.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: solar
6.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: wind
6.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: consumption
11.777 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: exports
404.9 million kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: imports
234 million kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: installed generating capacity
4.485 million kW (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: transmission/distribution losses
924.16 million kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023
78.01 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: consumption
564.786 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: imports
564.786 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption
131,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from coal and metallurgical coke
1.969 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from consumed natural gas
1.101 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from petroleum and other liquids
20.389 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions
23.458 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Climate
tropical maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (May to January), short dry season (January to May)
Environment: Environmental issues
water pollution from agricultural runoff; deforestation of tropical rainforest; land degradation and soil erosion in Panama Canal; air pollution in urban areas; effects of mining
Environment: International environmental agreements: party to
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
Environment: International environmental agreements: signed, but not ratified
Marine Life Conservation
Environment: Land use: agricultural land
29.5% (2023, World Bank)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
7.6% (2023, World Bank)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 1.6% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 20.3% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: forest
56.3% (2023, World Bank)
Environment: Land use: other
8.2% (2023 est.)
Environment: Particulate matter emissions
11.9 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Environment: Total renewable water resources
139.304 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: agricultural
446.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: industrial
6.2 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: municipal
759.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
1.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: urban population
66.2% (2025, World Bank)
Environment: Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually
1.472 million tons (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: percent of municipal solid waste recycled
14.2% (2022 est.)
Geography: Area - comparative
slightly smaller than South Carolina
Geography: Area: land
74,340 sq km
Geography: Area: water
1,080 sq km
Geography: Coastline
2,490 km
Geography: Elevation: highest point
Volcan Baru 3,475 m
Geography: Elevation: lowest point
Pacific Ocean 0 m
Geography: Elevation: mean elevation
360 m
Geography: Geographic coordinates
9 00 N, 80 00 W
Geography: Geography - note
strategic location on eastern end of isthmus forming land bridge that connects North and South America; controls the Panama Canal, which links the North Atlantic Ocean with the North Pacific Ocean via the Caribbean Sea
Geography: Irrigated land
394 sq km (2022)
Geography: Land boundaries: border countries
Colombia 339 km; Costa Rica 348 km
Geography: Land boundaries: total
687 km
Geography: Land use: agricultural land
29.5% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 7.6% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 1.6% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 20.3% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: forest
62.3% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: other
8.2% (2023 est.)
Geography: Major lakes (area sq km): salt water lake(s)
Laguna de Chiriqui - 900 sq km
Geography: Map references
Central America and the Caribbean
Geography: Maritime claims: contiguous zone
24 nm
Geography: Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone
200 nm or edge of continental margin
Geography: Maritime claims: territorial sea
12 nm
Geography: Natural hazards
occasional severe storms and forest fires in the Darien area
Geography: Population distribution
population is concentrated towards the center of the country, particularly around the Canal, but a sizeable segment of the populace also lives in the far west around David; the eastern third of the country is sparsely inhabited
Geography: Terrain
interior mostly steep, rugged mountains with dissected, upland plains; coastal plains with rolling hills
Government: Administrative divisions
10 provinces ( provincias , singular - provincia ) and 4 indigenous regions* ( comarcas ); Bocas del Toro, Chiriquí, Coclé, Colon, Darien, Embera-Wounaan*, Guna Yala*, Herrera, Los Santos, Naso Tjer Di*, Ngabe-Bugle*, Panama, Panama Oeste, Veraguas
Government: Capital: etymology
origin is unclear; may come from a Guaraní word meaning "place of many fish"
Government: Capital: geographic coordinates
8 58 N, 79 32 W
Government: Capital: time difference
UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by birth
yes
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by descent only
yes
Government: Citizenship: dual citizenship recognized
no
Government: Citizenship: residency requirement for naturalization
5 years
Government: Constitution: amendment process
proposed by the National Assembly, by the Cabinet, or by the Supreme Court of Justice; passage requires approval by one of two procedures: 1) absolute majority vote of the Assembly membership in each of three readings and by absolute majority vote of the next elected Assembly in a single reading without textual modifications; 2) absolute majority vote of the Assembly membership in each of three readings, followed by absolute majority vote of the next elected Assembly in each of three readings with textual modifications, and approval in a referendum
Government: Constitution: history
several previous; latest effective 11 October 1972
Government: Country name: conventional short form
Panama
Government: Country name: etymology
origin is unclear; may come from a Guarani word meaning "place of many fish"
Government: Country name: local long form
República de Panama
Government: Country name: local short form
Panama
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Kevin Marino CABRERA (since 5 May 2025)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: email address and website
Panama-ACS@state.gov https://pa.usembassy.gov/
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy
Building 783, Demetrio Basilio Lakas Avenue, Clayton
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: FAX
[507] 317-5568
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: mailing address
9100 Panama City PL, Washington, DC 20521-9100
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: telephone
[507] 317-5000
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery
2862 McGill Terrace NW, Washington, DC 20008
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission
Ambassador José Miguel ALEMÁN HEALY (since 18 September 2024)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s) general
Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, Tampa
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: email address and website
info@embassyofpanama.org https://www.embassyofpanama.org/
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX
[1] (202) 483-8413
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: telephone
[1] (202) 483-1407
Government: Executive branch: cabinet
Cabinet appointed by the president
Government: Executive branch: chief of state
President José Raúl MULINO Quintero (since 1 July 2024)
Government: Executive branch: election results
2024: José Raúl MULINO Quintero elected president; percent of vote - José Raúl MULINO Quintero (RM) 34.2%, Ricardo Alberto LOMBANA González (MOCA) 24.6%, Martín Erasto TORRIJOS Espino (PP) 16%, Alberto ROUX Moses (CD) 11.4%, Zulay RODRÍGUEZ Lu (independent) 6.6%, José Gabriel CARRIZO Jaén (PRD) 5.9%, other 1.3% 2019: Laurentino "Nito" CORTIZO Cohen elected president; percent of vote - Laurentino CORTIZO Cohen (PRD) 33.3%, Romulo ROUX (CD) 31%, Ricardo LOMBANA (independent) 18.8%, Jose BLANDON (Panameñista Party) 10.8%, Ana Matilde GOMEZ Ruiloba (independent) 4.8%, other 1.3%
Government: Executive branch: election/appointment process
president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by simple-majority popular vote for a 5-year term; president eligible for a single non-consecutive term)
Government: Executive branch: expected date of next election
May 2029
Government: Executive branch: head of government
President José Raúl MULINO Quintero (since 1 July 2024)
Government: Executive branch: most recent election date
5 May 2024
Government: Flag
description: divided into four equal rectangles; one of the top quadrants is white (left side) with a five-pointed blue star in the center, and the other is plain red; one of the bottom quadrants is plain blue (left side), and the other is white with a five-pointed red star in the center meaning: blue and red stand for the main political parties, and white for peace between them; the blue star stands for the civic virtues of purity and honesty, and the red star for authority and law
Government: International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Government: International organization participation
ACS, BCIE, CAN (observer), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, SICA, UN, UNASUR (observer), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Government: Judicial branch: highest court(s)
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of 9 magistrates and 9 alternates and divided into civil, criminal, administrative, and general business chambers)
Government: Judicial branch: judge selection and term of office
magistrates appointed by the president for staggered 10-year terms
Government: Judicial branch: subordinate courts
appellate courts or Tribunal Superior; Labor Supreme Courts; Court of Audit; circuit courts or Tribunal Circuital (2 each in 9 of the 10 provinces); municipal courts; electoral, family, maritime, and adolescent courts
Government: Legal system
civil law system; Supreme Court of Justice reviews legislative acts
Government: Legislative branch: electoral system
mixed system
Government: Legislative branch: expected date of next election
May 2029
Government: Legislative branch: legislative structure
unicameral
Government: Legislative branch: legislature name
National Assembly (Asamblea Nacional)
Government: Legislative branch: most recent election date
5/5/2024
Government: Legislative branch: number of seats
71 (all directly elected)
Government: Legislative branch: parties elected and seats per party
Realizing Goals (RM) (14); Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD) (13); Democratic Change (CD) (8); Panamenista Party (8); Independents (20); Other (8)
Government: Legislative branch: percentage of women in chamber
21.7%
Government: Legislative branch: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch: term in office
5 years
Government: National anthem(s): history
adopted 1925
Government: National anthem(s): lyrics/music
Jeronimo DE LA OSSA/Santos A. JORGE
Government: National color(s)
blue, white, red
Government: National heritage: selected World Heritage Site locales
Caribbean Fortifications (c); Darien National Park (n); Talamanca Range-La Amistad National Park (n); Panamá Viejo and Historic District of Panamá (c); Coiba National Park (n); The Colonial Transisthmian Route of Panamá (c)
Government: National heritage: total World Heritage Sites
6 (3 cultural, 3 natural)
Government: National holiday
Independence Day (Separation Day), 3 November (1903)
Government: National symbol(s)
harpy eagle
Government: Political parties
Alliance Party or PA Alternative Independent Socialist Party or PAIS Another Way Movement or MOCA Democratic Change or CD Democratic Revolutionary Party or PRD Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement or MOLIRENA Panameñista Party (formerly the Arnulfista Party) Popular Party or PP (formerly Christian Democratic Party or PDC) Realizing Goals Party or RM
Government: Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Introduction: Background
Explored and settled by the Spanish in the 16th century, Panama broke with Spain in 1821 and joined a union of Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela that was named the Republic of Gran Colombia. When the union dissolved in 1830, Panama remained part of Colombia. With US backing, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903 and promptly signed a treaty with the US allowing for the construction of a canal and US sovereignty over a strip of land known as the Panama Canal Zone on either side of the structure. The US Army Corps of Engineers built the Panama Canal between 1904 and 1914. In 1977, an agreement was signed for the complete transfer of the Canal from the US to Panama by the end of the century. Certain portions of the Zone and increasing responsibility over the Canal were turned over in the subsequent decades. With US help, Panamanian dictator Manuel NORIEGA was deposed in 1989. The entire Panama Canal, the area supporting the Canal, and remaining US military bases were transferred to Panama by the end of 1999. An ambitious expansion project to more than double the Canal's capacity by allowing for more Canal transits and larger ships was carried out between 2007 and 2016.
Military and Security: Military - note
the Panamanian Public Forces focus on law enforcement, border control, and maritime security; the National Police are responsible for internal law enforcement and public order, while the National Border Service (SENAFRONT) handles border security; the Aeronaval Service is responsible for carrying out air and naval operations that include some internal security responsibilities; key areas of focus are countering narcotics trafficking and securing the border, particularly along the frontier with Colombia where SENAFRONT maintains a significant presence Panama created a paramilitary National Guard (Guardia Nacional de Panamá) in the 1950s from the former National Police (established 1904); the National Guard subsequently evolved into more of a military force with some police responsibilities; it seized power in a coup in 1968 and military officers ran the country until 1989; in 1983, the National Guard was renamed the Panama Defense Force (PDF); the PDF was disbanded after the 1989 US invasion and the current national police forces were formed in 1990; the armed forces were officially abolished under the 1994 Constitution (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security forces
no regular military forces Ministry of Public Security: National Police (Policía Nacional, PN), National Aeronaval Service (Servicio Nacional Aeronaval, SENAN), National Border Service (Servicio Nacional de Fronteras, SENAFRONT) (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 30,000 Ministry of Public Security personnel (2025)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2020
1.4% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2021
1.3% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2022
1.2% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2023
1.1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2024
1.1% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2025
1.0% of GDP (1999, World Bank)
People and Society: Age structure: 0-14 years
24.5% (2025, World Bank)
People and Society: Age structure: 15-64 years
65.8% (2025, World Bank)
People and Society: Age structure: 65 years and over
9.7% (2025, World Bank)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: beer
5.29 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: other alcohols
0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: spirits
1.2 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: total
6.54 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: wine
0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Birth rate
15.87 (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Children under the age of 5 years underweight
2.9% (2019 est.)
People and Society: Contraceptive prevalence rate
50.8% (2015, World Bank)
People and Society: Current health expenditure
8.3% of GDP (2023, World Bank)
People and Society: Currently married women (ages 15-49)
53.2% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Death rate
4.91 (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: elderly dependency ratio
16 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: potential support ratio
6.3 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio
54.4 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: youth dependency ratio
38.4 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: rural
rural: 86.1% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: total
95.3% (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: urban
urban: 98.5% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: rural
rural: 13.9% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: total
total: 5.3% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: urban
urban: 1.5% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP)
2.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% national budget)
16.3% national budget (2024 est.)
People and Society: Ethnic groups
Mestizo (mixed Indigenous and White) 65%, Indigenous 12.3% (Ngabe 7.6%, Kuna 2.4%, Embera 0.9%, Bugle 0.8%, other 0.4%, unspecified 0.2%), Black or African descent 9.2%, Mulatto 6.8%, White 6.7% (2010 est.)
People and Society: Gross reproduction rate
1.13 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
9.7% of GDP (2021)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
22.2% of national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: Hospital bed density
1.95 (2023, World Bank)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: female
10.80 (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: male
13.00 (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: total
12.00 (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Languages: Languages
Spanish (official), Indigenous languages (including Ngabere (Guaymi), Buglere, Kuna, Embera, Wounaan, Naso (Teribe), and Bri Bri), Panamanian English Creole (a mixture of English and Spanish with elements of Ngabere, also known as Guari Guari and Colon Creole), English, Chinese (Yue and Hakka), Arabic, French Creole, other (Yiddish, Hebrew, Korean, Japanese)
People and Society: Languages: major-language sample(s)
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: female
82.71 (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: male
76.88 (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Literacy: female
95.8% (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Literacy: male
97.1% (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Literacy: total population
96.2% (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Major urban areas - population
1.977 million PANAMA CITY (capital) (2023)
People and Society: Maternal mortality ratio
37.00 (2023, World Bank)
People and Society: Median age: female
31.9 years
People and Society: Median age: male
31 years
People and Society: Nationality: adjective
Panamanian
People and Society: Net migration rate
2.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Obesity - adult prevalence rate
22.7% (2016)
People and Society: Physician density
1.62 (2022, World Bank)
People and Society: Population
4,571,189 (2025, World Bank)
People and Society: Population distribution
population is concentrated towards the center of the country, particularly around the Canal, but a sizeable segment of the populace also lives in the far west around David; the eastern third of the country is sparsely inhabited
People and Society: Population growth rate
1.2% (2025, World Bank)
People and Society: Population: female
2,285,610 (2025, World Bank)
People and Society: Population: male
2,285,579 (2025, World Bank)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: rural
rural: 70.1% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: total
89.1% (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: urban
urban: 96.1% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: rural
rural: 29.9% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: total
total: 12% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: urban
urban: 3.9% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): female
14 years (2016 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): male
12 years (2016 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total
13 years (2016 est.)
People and Society: Sex ratio: 0-14 years
1.06 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 15-64 years
1.02 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 65 years and over
0.87 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: at birth
1.06 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: total population
1.02 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: female
1.7% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: male
7.4% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: total
4.5% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Total fertility rate
2.11 (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
1.5% (2025, World Bank)
People and Society: Urbanization: urban population
66.2% (2025, World Bank)
Terrorism: Terrorist group(s)
Tren de Aragua (TdA)
Transnational Issues: Illicit drugs: USG identification
major illicit drug-producing and/or drug-transit country (2025)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees
2,694 (2025, UNHCR)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: stateless persons
942 (2025, UNHCR)
Transportation: Airports
77 (2025)
Transportation: Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
HP
Transportation: Heliports
1 (2025)
Transportation: Merchant marine: by type
bulk carrier 2732, container ship 671, general cargo 1,428, oil tanker 866, other 2,477
Transportation: Merchant marine: total
8,174 (2023)
Transportation: Ports: key ports
Bahia de las Minas, Balboa, Pedregal, Puerto Armuelles, Puerto Colon, Puerto Cristobal
Transportation: Ports: large
0
Transportation: Ports: medium
3
Transportation: Ports: ports with oil terminals
5
Transportation: Ports: size unknown
1
Transportation: Ports: small
3
Transportation: Ports: total ports
12 (2024)
Transportation: Ports: very small
5
Transportation: Railways: standard gauge
77 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge
Transportation: Railways: total
77 km (2014)
Warning: Some information might be outdated or incorrect, please check statistics before using(most of the economical stats are correct, its mostly the Population stats that are incorrect). Some dates are listed but some are missed, if you have any issues please report it to the Github at github.com.