Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
28 (2022 est.)
Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total
515,000 (2022 est.)
Communications: Broadcast media
public TV broadcaster Macedonian Radio and Television operates 5 national terrestrial TV channels and 2 satellite TV channels; 11 regional TV stations broadcast nationally; 29 regional and local broadcasters; a large number of cable operators offer domestic and international programming; the public radio broadcaster operates 3 stations; 4 privately owned national radio stations and 60 regional and local operators (2023)
Communications: Internet country code
.mk
Communications: Internet users: percent of population
93.10% (2025 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
24 (2022 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions
439,000 (2022 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
108 (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions
1.98 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Agricultural products
chillies/peppers, milk, wheat, potatoes, grapes, barley, cabbages, maize, watermelons, tomatoes (2023)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on alcohol and tobacco
4.8% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on food
30.6% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: expenditures
$5.514 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: revenues
$4.787 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2013
-$177.2 million (2013 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2014
-$54.7 million (2014 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2015
-$172.3 million (2015 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2016
-$284.3 million (2016 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2017
-$66.3 million (2017 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2018
$18.2 million (2018 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2019
-$376.5 million (2019 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2020
-$360.4 million (2020 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2021
-$374.8 million (2021 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2022
-$868.965 million (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2023
$56.573 million (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2024
-$374.385 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2022
$11.640 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2023
$5.637 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates
56.8726 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Currency
Macedonian denars (MKD) per US dollar -
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2013
46.3953 (2013 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2014
46.4371 (2014 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2015
55.5371 (2015 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2016
55.7317 (2016 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2017
54.6655 (2017 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2018
52.1071 (2018 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2019
54.9472 (2019 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2020
54.1443 (2020 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2021
52.1022 (2021 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2022
58.5744 (2022 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2023
56.9472 (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2024
56.8726 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exports - commodities
reaction and catalytic products, insulated wire, electricity, garments, seats (2023)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2011
$4.946 billion (2011 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2014
$5.416 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2015
$4.905 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2016
$5.407 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2017
$6.235 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2018
$7.657 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2019
$7.867 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2020
$7.141 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2021
$9.162 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2022
$10.123 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2023
$10.691 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2024
$10.445 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: exports of goods and services
62.7% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: government consumption
16.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption
67.9% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: imports of goods and services
-75.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in fixed capital
28.4% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in inventories
0% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture
6% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: industry
22.7% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: services
59.2% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - per capita (PPP)
$26,995 (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (official exchange rate)
$16.685 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (purchasing power parity) - real
$49.249 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015
35.6 (2015 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016
34.5 (2016 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017
34.2 (2017 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018
33.0 (2018 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019
33.5 (2019 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%
22.9% (2019 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%
1.9% (2019 est.)
Economy: Imports - commodities
platinum, refined petroleum, laboratory ceramic ware, cars, natural gas (2023)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2010
$5.465 billion (2010 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2015
$6.538 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2016
$6.993 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2017
$7.801 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2018
$9.238 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2019
$9.602 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2020
$8.711 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2021
$11.379 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2022
$13.009 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2023
$12.748 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2024
$12.644 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Industrial production growth rate
1.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015
-0.30% (2015 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016
-0.24% (2016 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017
1.35% (2017 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018
1.46% (2018 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019
0.77% (2019 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020
1.20% (2020 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021
3.23% (2021 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
14.20% (2022 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
9.36% (2023 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
3.49% (2024 est.)
Economy: Labor force
779,200 (2024 est.)
Economy: Population below poverty line
21.90% (2023 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2017
39.3% of GDP (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014
$27.776 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015
$28.752 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016
$31.373 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017
$32.583 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019
$37.943 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020
$37.052 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021
$40.682 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$41.801 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$42.668 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$43.844 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2015
3.86% (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2016
2.85% (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2017
1.08% (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2018
2.88% (2018 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2019
3.91% (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2020
-4.69% (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2021
4.51% (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2022
2.76% (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2023
2.55% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024
2.99% (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2014
$14,485 (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2015
$15,034 (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2016
$16,458 (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2017
$17,161 (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2019
$20,223 (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2020
$19,962 (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2021
$22,144 (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2022
$24,212 (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2023
$25,354 (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2013
$376.1 million (2013 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2014
$383.4 million (2014 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2015
$326.9 million (2015 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2020
$470.1 million (2020 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2021
$489.6 million (2021 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2022
3.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2023
2.9% of GDP (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2024
2.7% of GDP (2024 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2015
$2.471 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2016
$2.752 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2017
$2.802 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2018
$3.284 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2019
$3.651 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020
$4.126 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021
$4.129 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$4.12 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$5.015 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$5.252 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Taxes and other revenues
17.9% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2019
17.41% (2019 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2020
16.57% (2020 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2021
15.80% (2021 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2022
14.48% (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2023
13.17% (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024
12.27% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): female
32.3% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): male
29.2% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total
30.3% (2024 est.)
Energy: Coal: consumption
5.344 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: exports
58,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: imports
41,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: production
4 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: proven reserves
332 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: biomass and waste
0.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels
68.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: hydroelectricity
24% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: solar
4.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: wind
2.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: consumption
5.896 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: exports
7.081 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: imports
7.232 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: installed generating capacity
2.467 million kW (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: transmission/distribution losses
993.662 million kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023
56.104 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: consumption
348.078 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: imports
347.981 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption
24,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from coal and metallurgical coke
3.014 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from consumed natural gas
673,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from petroleum and other liquids
3.682 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions
7.369 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Climate
warm, dry summers and autumns; relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall
Environment: Environmental issues
air pollution from metallurgical plants, smoke from wood-burning stoves, and vehicle emissions
Environment: International environmental agreements: party to
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
Environment: International environmental agreements: signed, but not ratified
none of the selected agreements
Environment: Land use: agricultural land
49.6% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 16.5% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 1.6% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 31.5% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: forest
40.9% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: other
9.5% (2023 est.)
Environment: Particulate matter emissions
28.7 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Environment: Total renewable water resources
6.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: agricultural
139 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: industrial
31.54 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: municipal
305.4 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
0.61% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: urban population
62.56% (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually
627,000 tons (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: percent of municipal solid waste recycled
4.9% (2022 est.)
Geography: Area - comparative
slightly larger than Vermont; almost four times the size of Delaware
Geography: Area: land
25,433 sq km
Geography: Area: water
280 sq km
Geography: Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Geography: Elevation: highest point
Golem Korab (Maja e Korabit) 2,764 m
Geography: Elevation: lowest point
Vardar River 50 m
Geography: Elevation: mean elevation
741 m
Geography: Geographic coordinates
41 50 N, 22 00 E
Geography: Geography - note
landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe
Geography: Irrigated land
844 sq km (2016)
Geography: Land boundaries: border countries
Albania 181 km; Bulgaria 162 km; Greece 234 km; Kosovo 160 km; Serbia 101 km
Geography: Land boundaries: total
838 km
Geography: Land use: agricultural land
49.6% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 16.5% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 1.6% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 31.5% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: forest
40.9% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: other
9.5% (2023 est.)
Geography: Major watersheds (area sq km): Atlantic Ocean drainage
(Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)
Geography: Map references
Europe
Geography: Maritime claims
none (landlocked)
Geography: Natural hazards
high seismic risks
Geography: Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations
Geography: Terrain
mountainous with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River
Government: Administrative divisions
80 municipalities ( opstini , singular - opstina ) and 1 city* ( grad ); Aracinovo, Berovo, Bitola, Bogdanci, Bogovinje, Bosilovo, Brvenica, Caska, Centar Zupa, Cesinovo-Oblesevo, Cucer Sandevo, Debar, Debarca, Delcevo, Demir Hisar, Demir Kapija, Dojran, Dolneni, Gevgelija, Gostivar, Gradsko, Ilinden, Jegunovce, Karbinci, Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kocani, Konce, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krivogastani, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Lipkovo, Lozovo, Makedonska Kamenica, Makedonski Brod, Mavrovo i Rostuse, Mogila, Negotino, Novaci, Novo Selo, Ohrid, Pehcevo, Petrovec, Plasnica, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Rankovce, Resen, Rosoman, Skopje*, Sopiste, Staro Nagoricane, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Studenicani, Sveti Nikole, Tearce, Tetovo, Valandovo, Vasilevo, Veles, Vevcani, Vinica, Vrapciste, Zelenikovo, Zelino, Zrnovci *the Greater Skopje area is composed of 10 municipalities: Aerodrom, Butel, Centar, Chair, Gazi Baba, Gjorce Petrov, Karposh, Kisela Voda, Saraj, and Shuto Orizari
Government: Capital: daylight saving time
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Government: Capital: etymology
the name is of Illyrian or Macedonian origin, and the meaning is unclear; derives from Scupi, its name during the Roman era
Government: Capital: geographic coordinates
42 00 N, 21 26 E
Government: Capital: time difference
UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by birth
no
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of North Macedonia
Government: Citizenship: dual citizenship recognized
no
Government: Citizenship: residency requirement for naturalization
8 years
Government: Constitution: amendment process
proposed by the president of the republic, by the government, by at least 30 members of the Assembly, or by petition of at least 150,000 citizens; final approval requires a two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly
Government: Constitution: history
several previous (since 1944); latest adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991
Government: Country name: conventional short form
North Macedonia
Government: Country name: etymology
the name derives from the ancient kingdom of Macedon (7th to 2nd centuries B.C.), whose name origin is unclear; it may derive from the mythological Macedon, the son of the Greek god Zeus; alternatively, it may come from the Greek word makednos , meaning "tail," or the Illyrian word maketia , meaning "cattle"
Government: Country name: former
Democratic Federal Macedonia, People's Republic of Macedonia, Socialist Republic of Macedonia, Republic of Macedonia
Government: Country name: local long form
Republika Severna Makedonija
Government: Country name: local short form
Severna Makedonija
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Angela AGGELER (since 8 November 2022)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: email address and website
SkopjeACS@state.gov https://mk.usembassy.gov/
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy
Str. Samoilova, Nr. 21, 1000 Skopje
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: FAX
[389] (2) 310-2499
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: mailing address
7120 Skopje Place, Washington, DC 20521-7120
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: telephone
[389] (2) 310-2000
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery
2129 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Zoran POPOV (since 16 September 2022)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s) general
Chicago, Detroit, New York
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: email address and website
washington@mfa.gov.mk United States (mfa.gov.mk)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX
[1] (202) 667-2104
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: telephone
[1] (202) 667-0501
Government: Executive branch: cabinet
Council of Ministers elected by the Assembly by simple majority vote
Government: Executive branch: chief of state
President Gordana SILJANOVSKA-DAVKOVA (since 12 May 2024)
Government: Executive branch: election results
2024: Hristijan MICKOSKI elected prime minister; Assembly vote - 77 for, 22 against 2024: Gordana SILJANOVSKA-DAVKOVA elected president in the second round; percent of vote - Gordana SILJANOVSKA-DAVKOVA (VMRO-DPMNE) 69%, Stevo PENDAROVSKI (SDSM) 31% 2024: Talat XHAFERI elected caretaker prime minister; Assembly vote - 65 for (opposition boycott) 2022: Dimitar KOVACEVSKI elected prime minister; Assembly vote - NA
Government: Executive branch: election/appointment process
president directly elected using a modified 2-round system; a candidate can only be elected in the first round with an absolute majority from all registered voters; in the second round, voter turnout must be at least 40% for the result to be valid; president elected for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); following legislative elections, the Assembly usually elects the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister
Government: Executive branch: expected date of next election
2029
Government: Executive branch: head of government
Prime Minister Hristijan MICKOSKI (since 23 June 2024)
Government: Executive branch: most recent election date
24 April and 8 May 2024
Government: Flag
description: a red field with a yellow sun (the Sun of Liberty) in the center, with eight broadening rays extending to the edges meaning: the red and yellow colors have long been associated with Macedonia
Government: International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Government: International organization participation
BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EU (candidate country), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Government: Judicial branch: highest court(s)
Supreme Court (consists of 22 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)
Government: Judicial branch: judge selection and term of office
Supreme Court judges nominated by the Judicial Council, a 7-member body of legal professionals, and appointed by the Assembly; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the Assembly for nonrenewable, 9-year terms
Government: Judicial branch: subordinate courts
Courts of Appeal; Basic Courts
Government: Legal system
civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
Government: Legislative branch: electoral system
mixed system
Government: Legislative branch: expected date of next election
May 2028
Government: Legislative branch: legislative structure
unicameral
Government: Legislative branch: legislature name
Assembly of the Republic (Sobranie)
Government: Legislative branch: most recent election date
5/8/2024
Government: Legislative branch: number of seats
123 (all directly elected)
Government: Legislative branch: parties elected and seats per party
Coalition "Your Macedonia" (led by VMRO-DPMNE) (58); Coalition "European Front" (led by the Democratic Union for Integration – DUI) (18); Coalition "For a European Future" (led by the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia – SDSM) (18); Coalition VLEN (14); ZNAM (Movement "I know": For our Macedonia) (6); The Left (Levica) (6)
Government: Legislative branch: percentage of women in chamber
39.2%
Government: Legislative branch: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch: term in office
4 years
Government: National anthem(s): history
written in 1943 and adopted in 1991, the song previously served as the anthem of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, when it was part of Yugoslavia
Government: National anthem(s): lyrics/music
Vlado MALESKI/Todor SKALOVSKI
Government: National color(s)
red, yellow
Government: National heritage: selected World Heritage Site locales
Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid Region; Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians
Government: National heritage: total World Heritage Sites
2 (both natural)
Government: National holiday
Independence Day, 8 September (1991), also known as National Day
Government: National symbol(s)
eight-rayed sun
Government: Political parties
Alliance for Albanians or AfA or ASH Alternative (Alternativa) or AAA Besa Movement or BESA Citizen Option for Macedonia or GROM Democratic Alliance or DS Democratic Movement or LD Democratic Party of Albanians or PDSH Democratic Party of Serbs or DPSM Democratic Renewal of Macedonia or DOM Democratic Union for Integration or BDI European Democratic Party or PDE Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity or VMRO-DPMNE Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - People's Party or VMRO-NP Liberal Democratic Party or LDP New Social-Democratic Party or NSDP Social Democratic Union of Macedonia or SDSM Socialist Party of Macedonia or SPM Srpska Stranka in Macedonia or SSM The Left (Levica) The People Movement or LP Turkish Democratic Party or TDP Turkish Movement Party or THP We Can! (coalition includes SDSM/BESA/VMRO-NP, DPT, LDP)
Government: Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Introduction: Background
North Macedonia gained its independence peacefully from Yugoslavia in 1991 under the name of "Macedonia." Greece objected to the new country’s name, insisting it implied territorial pretensions to the northern Greek province of Macedonia, and democratic backsliding for several years stalled North Macedonia's movement toward Euro-Atlantic integration. Immediately after Macedonia declared independence, Greece sought to block its efforts to gain UN membership if the name "Macedonia" was used. The country was eventually admitted to the UN in 1993 as "The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia," and at the same time it agreed to UN-sponsored negotiations on the name dispute. In 1995, Greece lifted a 20-month trade embargo and the two countries agreed to normalize relations, but the issue of the name remained unresolved amid ongoing negotiations. As an interim measure, the US and over 130 other nations recognized Macedonia by its constitutional name, Republic of Macedonia. Ethnic Albanian grievances over perceived political and economic inequities escalated into an armed conflict in 2001 that eventually led to the internationally brokered Ohrid Framework Agreement, which ended the fighting and established guidelines for constitutional amendments and new laws that enhanced the rights of minorities. In 2018, the government adopted a new law on languages, which elevated the Albanian language to an official language at the national level and kept the Macedonian language as the sole official language in international relations, but ties between ethnic Macedonians and ethnic Albanians remain complicated. In 2018, Macedonia and Greece signed the Prespa Agreement whereby Macedonia agreed to change its name to North Macedonia, and the agreement went in to force on 12 February 2019. North Macedonia joined NATO in 2020 after amending its constitution as agreed and opened EU accession talks in 2022 after a two-year veto by Bulgaria over identity, language, and historical disputes. The 2014 legislative and presidential election triggered a political crisis that lasted almost three years and escalated in 2015 when the opposition party began releasing wiretapped material revealing alleged widespread government corruption and abuse. The country still faces challenges, including fully implementing reforms to overcome years of democratic backsliding, stimulating economic growth and development, and fighting organized crime and corruption.
Military and Security: Military - note
the Army of the Republic of North Macedonia (ARSM) is responsible for the defense of the country’s territory and independence, fulfilling North Macedonia’s commitments to NATO and European security, and contributing to EU, NATO, and UN peace and security missions; the ARSM has participated in multinational missions and operations in Afghanistan (NATO), Bosnia and Herzegovina (EU), Eastern Europe (NATO), Iraq (NATO), Kosovo (NATO), and Lebanon (UN); a key area of focus over the past decade has been improving capabilities and bringing the largely Soviet-era-equipped ARSM up to NATO standards; it has increased its participation in NATO training exercises since becoming the 30th member of the Alliance in 2020 and currently has small numbers of combat troops deployed to Bulgaria and Romania as part of NATO’s Enhance Forward Presence mission implemented because of Russian military aggression against Ukraine (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security forces
Army of the Republic of North Macedonia (ARSM or ARNM): joint force with air, ground, reserve, special operations, and support forces (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 6,000 active military personnel (2025)
Military and Security: Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the military's inventory is a mix of Russian/Soviet-era armaments and growing quantities of more modern equipment from countries such as Türkiye, the UK, and the US (2025)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2015
0.99% (2015 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2016
0.97% (2016 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2017
0.90% (2017 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2018
0.94% (2018 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2019
1.16% (2019 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2020
1.24% (2020 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2021
1.45% (2021 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2022
1.58% (2022 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2023
1.69% (2023 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2024
2.10% (2024 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2025
2% of GDP (2025 est.)
Military and Security: Military service age and obligation
18 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2007 (2025)
People and Society: Age structure: 0-14 years
16% (male 176,423/female 164,945)
People and Society: Age structure: 15-64 years
68.4% (male 740,649/female 719,627)
People and Society: Age structure: 65 years and over
15.6% (2024 est.) (male 147,655/female 186,323)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: beer
1.93 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: other alcohols
0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: spirits
0.9 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: total
3.9 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: wine
1.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Birth rate
10.07 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 15
0.3% (2019)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 18
7.5% (2019)
People and Society: Children under the age of 5 years underweight
0.9% (2019 est.)
People and Society: Current health expenditure
7.43% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Currently married women (ages 15-49)
66.1% (2021 est.)
People and Society: Death rate
9.62 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: elderly dependency ratio
23.6 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: potential support ratio
4.2 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio
46.9 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: youth dependency ratio
23.3 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: rural
rural: 97.4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: total
total: 97.8% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: urban
urban: 98.1% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: rural
rural: 2.6% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: total
total: 2.2% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: urban
urban: 1.9% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Ethnic groups
Macedonian 58.4%, Albanian 24.3%, Turkish 3.9%, Romani 2.5%, Serb 1.3%, other 2.3%, no ethnic affiliation data available 7.2% (2021 est.)
People and Society: Gross reproduction rate
0.74 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
8.5% of GDP (2021)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
12.4% of national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
0.10% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Hospital bed density
4.7 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: female
6 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: male
7.9 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: total
6.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
People and Society: Languages: Languages
Macedonian (official) 61.4%, Albanian (official) 24.3%, Turkish 3.4%, Romani 1.7%, other (includes Aromanian (Vlach) and Bosnian) 2%, unspecified 7.2% (2021 est.)
People and Society: Languages: major-language sample(s)
Книга на Светски Факти, неопходен извор на основни информации. (Macedonian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: female
78.9 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: male
74.5 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: female
97.8% (2018 est.)
People and Society: Major urban areas - population
611,000 SKOPJE (capital) (2023)
People and Society: Maternal mortality ratio
3 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
People and Society: Median age: female
41.6 years
People and Society: Median age: male
39.4 years
People and Society: Mother's mean age at first birth
26.9 years (2020 est.)
People and Society: Nationality: adjective
Macedonian
People and Society: Net migration rate
0.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Obesity - adult prevalence rate
22.4% (2016)
People and Society: Physician density
2.94 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
People and Society: Population
1,824,359 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations
People and Society: Population growth rate
0.08% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Population: female
1,071,922
People and Society: Population: male
1,065,634
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: rural
rural: 98.6% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: total
total: 99.4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: rural
rural: 1.4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: total
total: 0.6% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): female
15 years (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): male
14 years (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total
15 years (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sex ratio: 0-14 years
1.07 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 15-64 years
1.03 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 65 years and over
0.79 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: at birth
1.07 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: total population
0.99 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
People and Society: Total fertility rate
1.40 children born/woman (2024 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
0.61% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: urban population
62.56% (2024 est.)
Terrorism: Terrorist group(s)
Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees
20,937 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: stateless persons
159 (2024 est.)
Transportation: Airports
13 (2025)
Transportation: Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
Z3
Transportation: Heliports
13 (2025)
Transportation: Railways: total
699 km (2020) 313 km electrified
Warning: Some information might be outdated or incorrect, please check statistics before using(most of the economical stats are correct, its mostly the Population stats that are incorrect). Some dates are listed but some are missed, if you have any issues please report it to the Github at github.com.