Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
(2022 est.) less than 1
Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total
14,000 (2022 est.)
Communications: Broadcast media
state-run TV station; 3 private TV stations provide a mix of local and foreign programming; state-run radio has the only radio station with national coverage; about 30 private local radio stations; as many as 100 community radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available
Communications: Internet country code
.ne
Communications: Internet users: percent of population
23% (2023 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
(2022 est.) less than 1
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions
58,000 (2021 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
66 (2023 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions
17.2 million (2023 est.)
Economy: Agricultural products
millet, cowpeas, sorghum, onions, milk, sugarcane, cabbages, cassava, groundnuts, tomatoes (2023)
Economy: Budget: expenditures
$2.785 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Budget: revenues
$2.325 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2013
-$1.151 billion (2013 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2014
-$1.307 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2015
-$1.486 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2016
-$1.182 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2017
-$1.274 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2018
-$1.625 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2019
-$1.572 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2020
-$1.816 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2021
-$2.099 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2022
-$2.5 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2023
-$2.333 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2024
-$1.201 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2022
$5.429 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2023
$3.793 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates
606.345 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Currency
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2013
493.900 (2013 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2014
493.757 (2014 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2015
591.212 (2015 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2016
592.606 (2016 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2017
580.657 (2017 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2018
555.446 (2018 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2019
585.911 (2019 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2020
575.586 (2020 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2021
554.531 (2021 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2022
623.760 (2022 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2023
606.570 (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2024
606.345 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exports - commodities
gold, oil seeds, uranium and thorium ore, radioactive chemicals, refined petroleum (2023)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2011
$1.341 billion (2011 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2014
$1.732 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2015
$1.382 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2016
$1.267 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2017
$1.432 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2018
$1.450 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2019
$1.387 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2020
$1.338 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2021
$1.487 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2022
$1.376 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2023
$1.223 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2024
$5.431 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: exports of goods and services
31.2% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: government consumption
11.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption
59.2% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: imports of goods and services
-20.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in fixed capital
18.7% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in inventories
0% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture
33.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: industry
17.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: services
45.4% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - per capita (PPP)
$2,050 (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (official exchange rate)
$19.538 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (purchasing power parity) - real
$55.415 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018
37.3 (2018 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021
32.9 (2021 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%
27.8% (2021 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%
3.8% (2021 est.)
Economy: Imports - commodities
rice, aircraft parts, iron structures, refined petroleum, centrifuges (2023)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2010
$2.808 billion (2010 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2015
$2.950 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2016
$2.527 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2017
$2.938 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2018
$3.369 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2019
$3.396 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2020
$3.543 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2021
$4.027 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2022
$4.194 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2023
$3.808 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2024
$4.502 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Industrial production growth rate
12.1% (2024 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015
-0.58% (2015 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016
1.65% (2016 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017
2.80% (2017 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018
2.97% (2018 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019
-2.49% (2019 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020
2.90% (2020 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021
3.84% (2021 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
4.23% (2022 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
3.70% (2023 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
9.07% (2024 est.)
Economy: Labor force
10.486 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Population below poverty line
41.20% (2021 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2016
45.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014
$22.316 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015
$23.373 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016
$24.586 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017
$25.897 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019
$32.567 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020
$35.501 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021
$38.851 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$43.474 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$44.199 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$47.921 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2015
4.39% (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2016
5.74% (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2017
5.01% (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2018
7.21% (2018 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2019
5.94% (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2020
3.55% (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2021
1.38% (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2022
11.90% (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2023
1.67% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024
10.30% (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2014
$1,161 (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2015
$1,172 (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2016
$1,189 (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2017
$1,208 (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2019
$1,419 (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2020
$1,497 (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2021
$1,586 (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2022
$1,840 (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2023
$1,875 (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2013
$145.9 million (2013 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2014
$219.1 million (2014 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2015
$171.6 million (2015 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2020
$520.9 million (2020 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2021
2.4% of GDP (2021 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2022
4.7% of GDP (2022 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2023
3.7% of GDP (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2024
$650.4 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2019
0.53% (2019 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2020
0.59% (2020 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2021
0.81% (2021 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2022
0.40% (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2023
0.41% (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024
0.38% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): female
0.2% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): male
0.4% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total
0.3% (2024 est.)
Energy: Coal: consumption
426,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: imports
400 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: production
427,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: proven reserves
90 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - rural areas
7.7%
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - total population
19.5% (2022 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - urban areas
66.1%
Energy: Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels
97% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: solar
3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: consumption
1.645 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: imports
1.213 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: installed generating capacity
377,000 kW (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: transmission/distribution losses
372.245 million kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023
1.772 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: consumption
26.872 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: production
26.805 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: crude oil estimated reserves
150 million barrels (2021 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption
18,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: total petroleum production
13,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from coal and metallurgical coke
622,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from consumed natural gas
52,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from petroleum and other liquids
2.457 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions
3.132 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Climate
desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south
Environment: Environmental issues
overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; contaminated water; inadequate potable water; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) threatened by poaching and habitat destruction
Environment: International environmental agreements: party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
Environment: International environmental agreements: signed, but not ratified
none of the selected agreements
Environment: Land use: agricultural land
36.8% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 14% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.1% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 22.7% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: forest
0.8% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: other
62.4% (2023 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: agriculture
713.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: energy
137.8 kt (2022-2024 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: other
11.1 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: waste
128.2 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Particulate matter emissions
59.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Environment: Total renewable water resources
34,050,000,000 cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: agricultural
2.351 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: industrial
38.654 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: municipal
193.247 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
4.72% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: urban population
18.05% (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually
1.866 million tons (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: percent of municipal solid waste recycled
20.3% (2022 est.)
Geography: Area - comparative
slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Geography: Area: land
1,266,700 sq km
Geography: Area: water
300 sq km
Geography: Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Geography: Elevation: highest point
Idoukal-n-Taghes 2,022 m
Geography: Elevation: lowest point
Niger River 200 m
Geography: Elevation: mean elevation
474 m
Geography: Geographic coordinates
16 00 N, 8 00 E
Geography: Geography - note
landlocked; one of the hottest countries in the world; northern four-fifths is desert, southern one-fifth is savanna that is suitable for livestock and limited agriculture
Geography: Irrigated land
2,881 sq km (2022)
Geography: Land boundaries: border countries
Algeria 951 km; Benin 277 km; Burkina Faso 622 km; Chad 1,196 km; Libya 342 km; Mali 838 km; Nigeria 1,608 km
Geography: Land boundaries: total
5,834 km
Geography: Land use: agricultural land
36.8% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 14% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.1% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 22.7% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: forest
0.8% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: other
62.4% (2023 est.)
Geography: Major aquifers
Lake Chad Basin, Lullemeden-Irhazer Basin, Murzuk-Djado Basin
Geography: Major lakes (area sq km): fresh water lake(s)
Lake Chad (endorheic lake shared with Chad, Nigeria, and Cameroon) - 10,360-25,900 sq km note - area varies by season and year to year
Geography: Major rivers (by length in km)
Niger (shared with Guinea [s], Mali, Benin, and Nigeria [m]) - 4,200 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Geography: Major watersheds (area sq km): Atlantic Ocean drainage
Niger (2,261,741 sq km)
Geography: Major watersheds (area sq km): Internal (endorheic basin) drainage
Lake Chad (2,497,738 sq km)
Geography: Map references
Africa
Geography: Maritime claims
none (landlocked)
Geography: Natural hazards
recurring droughts
Geography: Population distribution
majority of the populace is located in the southernmost extreme of the country along the border with Nigeria and Benin, as shown in this population distribution map
Geography: Terrain
predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north
Government: Administrative divisions
7 regions ( régions , singular - région ) and 1 capital district* ( communauté urbaine ); Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey*, Tahoua, Tillaberi, Zinder
Government: Capital: etymology
the origin of the name is unclear; one of many stories says that an African chief told his seven slaves " Wa niammane ," meaning "stay here," and the name was later shortened to its present form
Government: Capital: geographic coordinates
13 31 N, 2 07 E
Government: Capital: time difference
UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by birth
no
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of Niger
Government: Citizenship: dual citizenship recognized
yes
Government: Citizenship: residency requirement for naturalization
unknown
Government: Constitution: amendment process
formerly proposed by the president of the republic or the National Assembly; consideration of amendments requires at least three-fourths majority vote by the Assembly; passage requires at least four-fifths majority vote; if disapproved, the proposed amendment is dropped or submitted to a referendum; constitutional articles on the form of government, the multiparty system, the separation of state and religion, disqualification of Assembly members, amendment procedures, and amnesty of participants in the 2010 coup cannot be amended
Government: Constitution: history
several previous; passed by referendum 31 October 2010, entered into force 25 November 2010
Government: Country name: conventional short form
Niger
Government: Country name: etymology
named for the Niger River that passes through the southwest of the country; the name of the river probably comes from the local Tuareg name, egereou n-igereouen (big rivers)
Government: Country name: local long form
République du Niger
Government: Country name: local short form
Niger
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Kathleen FITZGIBBON (since 2 December 2023)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: email address and website
consulateniamey@state.gov https://ne.usembassy.gov/
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy
BP 11201, Niamey
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: FAX
[227] 20-73-55-60
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: mailing address
2420 Niamey Place, Washington DC 20521-2420
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: telephone
[227] 20-72-26-61
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery
2204 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission
Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Hassane IDI (since 3 August 2023)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: email address and website
communication@embassyofniger.org http://www.embassyofniger.org/
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX
[1] (202) 483-3169
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: telephone
[1] (202) 483-4224
Government: Executive branch: cabinet
Cabinet appointed by the CNSP
Government: Executive branch: chief of state
President of the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland (CNSP) General Abdourahame TIANI (since 28 July 2023)
Government: Executive branch: election results
2020/2021 : Mohamed BAZOUM elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Mohamed BAZOUM (PNDS-Tarrayya) 39.3%, Mahamane OUSMANE (MODEN/FA Lumana Africa) 17%, Seini OUMAROU (MNSD-Nassara) 9%, Albade ABOUDA (MPR-Jamhuriya) 7.1%, other 27.6%; percent of vote in second round - Mohamed BAZOUM 55.7%, Mahamane OUSMANE 44.3%
Government: Executive branch: election/appointment process
the CNSP rules by decree; previously, the president was directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister was appointed by the president, authorized by the National Assembly
Government: Executive branch: expected date of next election
2030
Government: Executive branch: head of government
CNSP Prime Minister Ali Mahaman Lamine ZEINE (since 9 August 2023)
Government: Executive branch: most recent election date
27 December 2020, with a runoff held on 21 February 2021
Government: Flag
description: three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green, with an orange disk centered on the white band meaning: orange stands for the northern Sahara regions, white for purity and innocence, and green for hope and the fertile and productive southern and western areas, as well as the Niger River; the orange disc represents the sun and the people's sacrifices
Government: International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Government: International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AU (suspended), CD, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, MINUSCA, MNJTF, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Government: Judicial branch: highest court(s)
High Court of Justice (consists of 7 members); Supreme Court (membership NA); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges)
Government: Judicial branch: judge selection and term of office
High Judicial Court members selected from among the legislature and judiciary to 5-year terms; Constitutional Court judges nominated/elected - 1 by the president of the Republic, 1 by the president of the National Assembly, 2 by peer judges, 2 by peer lawyers, 1 law professor by peers, and 1 from within Nigerien society; all appointed by the president; judges serve 6-year nonrenewable terms with one-third of membership renewed every 2 years
Government: Judicial branch: subordinate courts
Court of Cassation; Council of State; Court of Finances; various specialized tribunals and customary courts
Government: Legal system
note: following the 26 July 2023 military coup, the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland assumed control of all government institutions and rules by decree; formerly, mixed system of civil law, based on French civil law, Islamic law, and customary law
Government: Legislative branch: electoral system
mixed system
Government: Legislative branch: expected date of next election
April 2030
Government: Legislative branch: legislative structure
unicameral
Government: Legislative branch: legislature name
Advisory Council for the Refoundation (Conseil consultatif de la refondation)
Government: Legislative branch: most recent election date
5/1/2025
Government: Legislative branch: number of seats
194 (all appointed)
Government: Legislative branch: percentage of women in chamber
19.6%
Government: Legislative branch: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: National anthem(s): history
adopted 2023; replaced previous national anthem, "La Nigérienne" (The Nigerien), that was adopted in 1961
Government: National anthem(s): lyrics/music
a government-appointed committee wrote both the lyrics and the music
Government: National color(s)
orange, white, green
Government: National heritage: selected World Heritage Site locales
Air and Ténéré Natural Reserves (n); W-Arly-Pendjari Complex (n); Historic Agadez (c)
Government: National heritage: total World Heritage Sites
3 (1 cultural, 2 natural)
Government: National holiday
Republic Day, 18 December (1958)
Government: National symbol(s)
zebu
Government: Political parties
Alliance for Democracy and the Republic Alliance for Democratic Renewal or ARD-Adaltchi-Mutuntchi Alliance of Movements for the Emergence of Niger or AMEN AMIN Congress for the Republic or CPR-Inganci Democratic Alternation for Equity in Niger Democratic and Republican Renewal-RDR-Tchanji Democratic Movement for the Emergence of Niger Falala Democratic Patriots' Rally or RPD Bazara National Movement for the Development of Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDP-Zaman Lahiya Nigerien Democratic Movement for an African Federation or MODEN/FA Lumana Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism or PNDS-Tarrayya Nigerien Patriotic Movement or MPN-Kishin Kassa Nigerien Rally for Democracy and Peace Patriotic Movement for the Republic or MPR-Jamhuriya Peace, Justice, Progress–Generation Doubara Rally for Democracy and Progress-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a Rally for Peace and Progress or RPP Farilla Social Democratic Rally or RSD-Gaskiyya Social Democratic Party or PSD-Bassira
Government: Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Introduction: Background
Nomadic peoples from the Saharan north and agriculturalists from the south settled present-day Niger. The Taureg kingdom of Takedda was one of the largest kingdoms in the north and played a prominent role in regional trade in the 14th century. In the south, the primary ethnic groups were the Songhai-Zarma in the west, the Hausa in the center, and the Kanuri in the east. When European colonizers arrived in the 19th century, the region was an assemblage of disparate local kingdoms. In the late 19th century, the British and French agreed to partition the middle regions of the Niger River, and France began its conquest of what would become the colony of Niger. France experienced determined local resistance -- particularly during the Tuareg uprising (1916-1917) -- but established a colonial administration in 1922. After achieving independence from France in 1960, Niger experienced single-party or military rule until 1991, when political pressure forced General Ali SAIBOU to allow multiparty elections. Political infighting and democratic backsliding led to coups in 1996 and 1999. In 1999, military officers restored democratic rule and held elections that brought Mamadou TANDJA to power. TANDJA was reelected in 2004 and spearheaded a 2009 constitutional amendment allowing him to extend his presidential term. In 2010, military officers led another coup that deposed TANDJA. ISSOUFOU Mahamadou was elected in 2011 and reelected in 2016. In 2021, BAZOUM Mohamed won the presidential election, marking Niger’s first transition from one democratically elected president to another. Nonetheless, a military junta led by General Abdourahamane TIANI once again seized power in July 2023, detaining President BAZOUM and announcing the creation of a National Council for the Safeguarding of the Homeland (CNSP). Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world with minimal government services and insufficient funds to develop its resource base. It is ranked fourth to last in the world on the UN Development Program's Human Development Index of 2023/2024. The largely agrarian and subsistence-based economy is frequently disrupted by extended droughts common to the Sahel region of Africa. The Nigerien Government continues its attempts to diversify the economy through increased oil production and mining projects. In addition, Niger is facing increased security concerns on its borders from various external threats including insecurity in Libya, spillover from the conflict and terrorism in Mali, and violent extremism in northeastern Nigeria.
Military and Security: Military - note
the military of Niger is responsible for territorial defense, but most of its focus is on internal and border security operations; the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS) and the al-Qaida affiliate Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) terrorist groups are active in western Niger and in adjacent strongholds in Burkina Faso and Mali, while the Nigeria-based Boko Haram and ISIS-West Africa groups threaten southeast Niger; parts of Niger also face spillover from communal, criminal, and vigilante violence in neighboring Nigeria; since the 2023 coup, some former ethnic separatist rebels have taken up arms in support of deposed President BAZOUM the military has played a role in Niger's domestic politics since its establishment in 1960-61; prior to seizing control of the government in 2023, it attempted coups in 1974, 1996, 1999, 2010, and 2021, and ruled the country for much of the period before 1999 (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security forces
Nigerien Armed Forces (Forces Armees Nigeriennes, FAN): Army, Nigerien Air Force, Niger Gendarmerie Ministry of Interior, Public Safety and Decentralization: Niger National Guard, National Police (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security service personnel strengths
estimated 50,000 active Armed Forces, including Gendarmerie; estimated 15-20,000 National Guard (2025)
Military and Security: Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the FAN's inventory is comprised of older, typically Soviet-era weapons and equipment, along with smaller quantities of more modern armaments such as unmanned aerial vehicles/drones, air defense systems, and armored vehicles; suppliers over the past decade include China, France, Russia, South Africa, Türkiye, and the US (2025)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2016
1.60% (2016 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2017
1.81% (2017 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2018
1.79% (2018 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2019
1.92% (2019 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2020
1.73% (2020 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2021
1.36% (2021 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2022
1.57% (2022 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2023
1.98% (2023 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2024
2.24% (2024 est.)
Military and Security: Military service age and obligation
18 is the legal minimum age for selective compulsory or voluntary military service for unmarried men and women; 24-month service term (2025)
People and Society: Age structure: 0-14 years
49.5% (male 6,567,460/female 6,463,877)
People and Society: Age structure: 15-64 years
47.8% (male 6,146,355/female 6,451,574)
People and Society: Age structure: 65 years and over
2.7% (2024 est.) (male 342,388/female 371,130)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: beer
0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: spirits
0.06 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: total
0.11 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: wine
0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Birth rate
46.29 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Children under the age of 5 years underweight
34.6% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Current health expenditure
4.05% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Currently married women (ages 15-49)
81.3% (2021 est.)
People and Society: Death rate
9.24 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: elderly dependency ratio
5.7 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: potential support ratio
17.7 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio
108.2 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: youth dependency ratio
102.6 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: rural
rural: 40.9% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: total
total: 48.9% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: urban
urban: 88.3% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: rural
rural: 59.1% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: total
total: 51.1% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: urban
urban: 11.7% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP)
4.1% of GDP (2023 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% national budget)
12.8% national budget (2023 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditures
4.07% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Ethnic groups
Hausa 53.1%, Zarma/Songhai 21.2%, Tuareg 11%, Fulani (Peuhl) 6.5%, Kanuri 5.9%, Gurma 0.8%, Arab 0.4%, Tubu 0.4%, other/unavailable 0.9% (2006 est.)
People and Society: Gross reproduction rate
3.23 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
5.8% of GDP (2021)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
7.1% of national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
0.20% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Hospital bed density
0.3 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: female
59.2 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: male
69.2 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: total
65.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: female
62.4 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: male
60.5 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: female
25.7% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: male
47.9% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: total population
35.61% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Major urban areas - population
1.437 million NIAMEY (capital) (2023)
People and Society: Maternal mortality ratio
350 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
People and Society: Median age: female
15.6 years
People and Society: Median age: male
14.9 years
People and Society: Mother's mean age at first birth
18.5 years (2012 est.)
People and Society: Nationality: adjective
Nigerien
People and Society: Net migration rate
-0.57 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Obesity - adult prevalence rate
5.5% (2016)
People and Society: Physician density
0.04 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
People and Society: Population
27,032,412 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population distribution
majority of the populace is located in the southernmost extreme of the country along the border with Nigeria and Benin, as shown in this population distribution map
People and Society: Population growth rate
3.28% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population: female
13,779,926
People and Society: Population: male
13,542,629
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: rural
rural: 15.2% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: total
total: 26.4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: urban
urban: 81.9% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: rural
rural: 84.8% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: total
total: 73.6% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: urban
urban: 18.1% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): female
6 years (2017 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): male
7 years (2017 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total
6 years (2017 est.)
People and Society: Sex ratio: 0-14 years
1.02 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 15-64 years
0.95 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 65 years and over
0.92 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: at birth
1.03 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: total population
0.98 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: female
1.2% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: male
13.7% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: total
7.5% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Total fertility rate
5.93 children born/woman (2024 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
4.72% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: urban population
18.05% (2024 est.)
Terrorism: Terrorist group(s)
Boko Haram; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham – West Africa (ISIS-WA); Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM); al-Mulathamun Battalion (al-Mourabitoun)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: IDPs
891,565 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees
421,795 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Trafficking in persons: tier rating
Tier 2 Watch List — the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore Niger remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/niger/
Transportation: Airports
26 (2025)
Transportation: Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
5U
Warning: Some information might be outdated or incorrect, please check statistics before using(most of the economical stats are correct, its mostly the Population stats that are incorrect). Some dates are listed but some are missed, if you have any issues please report it to the Github at github.com.