Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
(2022 est.) less than 1
Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total
65,000 (2022 est.)
Communications: Broadcast media
1 state-run TV station supplemented by a private TV station; Portuguese state TV's African service, RTP Africa, and Brazilian-owned TV Miramar are available; state-run radio provides nearly 100% territorial coverage and broadcasts in multiple languages; a number of privately owned and community-operated stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2019)
Communications: Internet country code
.mz
Communications: Internet users: percent of population
20.53% (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
(2022 est.) less than 1
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions
29,000 (2022 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
50 (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions
17.1 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Agricultural products
cassava, maize, sugarcane, tomatoes, beans, potatoes, sweet potatoes, bananas, coconuts, onions (2023)
Economy: Budget: expenditures
$7.223 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Budget: revenues
$6.243 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2013
-$6.253 billion (2013 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2014
-$5.797 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2015
-$5.948 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2016
-$4.066 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2017
-$2.380 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2018
-$4.425 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2019
-$2.494 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2020
-$3.558 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2021
-$3.426 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2022
-$6.367 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2023
-$2.207 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2024
-$2.498 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2022
$66.290 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2023
$8.274 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates
63.9050 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Currency
meticais (MZM) per US dollar -
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2013
30.1041 (2013 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2014
31.3527 (2014 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2015
39.9825 (2015 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2016
63.0562 (2016 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2017
63.5843 (2017 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2018
60.3262 (2018 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2019
62.5483 (2019 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2020
69.4650 (2020 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2021
65.4650 (2021 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2022
63.8508 (2022 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2023
63.8858 (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2024
63.9050 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exports - commodities
coal, natural gas, aluminum, gold, precious stones (2023)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2011
$4.587 billion (2011 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2014
$5.895 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2015
$5.280 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2016
$4.270 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2017
$5.444 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2018
$6.838 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2019
$5.762 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2020
$4.668 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2021
$6.524 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2022
$9.409 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2023
$9.405 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2024
$9.358 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: exports of goods and services
42.7% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: government consumption
17.1% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption
69% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: imports of goods and services
-52.9% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in fixed capital
24.1% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in inventories
0% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture
26.3% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: industry
24.6% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: services
38.4% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - per capita (PPP)
$1,705 (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (official exchange rate)
$22.417 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (purchasing power parity) - real
$59.060 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019
50.7 (2019 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022
49.6 (2022 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%
41.1% (2019 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%
1.7% (2019 est.)
Economy: Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, chromium ore, iron alloys, iron ore, palm oil (2023)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2010
$5.075 billion (2010 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2015
$10.729 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2016
$9.053 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2017
$8.583 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2018
$11.875 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2019
$10.618 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2020
$9.554 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2021
$11.597 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2022
$15.932 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2023
$11.18 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2024
$10.488 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Industrial production growth rate
2.9% (2024 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015
3.55% (2015 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016
17.42% (2016 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017
15.11% (2017 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018
3.91% (2018 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019
2.80% (2019 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020
3.48% (2020 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021
6.41% (2021 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
10.28% (2022 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
7.13% (2023 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
4.08% (2024 est.)
Economy: Labor force
15.173 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Population below poverty line
65.00% (2022 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2016
92.24% (2016 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2017
78.50% (2017 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2018
81.35% (2018 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2019
78.88% (2019 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2020
101.39% (2020 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2021
84.16% (2021 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2022
76.64% (2022 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2023
72.66% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014
$30.065 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015
$34.987 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016
$37.701 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017
$36.130 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019
$41.503 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020
$43.455 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021
$46.206 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$48.222 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$50.844 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$51.786 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2015
7.39% (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2016
4.70% (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2017
2.64% (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2018
3.48% (2018 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2019
2.32% (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2020
-1.22% (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2021
2.38% (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2022
4.36% (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2023
5.48% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024
2.15% (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2014
$1,166 (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2015
$1,318 (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2016
$1,379 (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2017
$1,283 (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2019
$1,389 (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2020
$1,412 (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2021
$1,457 (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2022
$1,582 (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2023
$1,678 (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2013
$152.4 million (2013 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2014
$155.5 million (2014 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2015
$142.9 million (2015 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2020
$162.1 million (2020 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2021
$201.9 million (2021 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2022
0.9% of GDP (2022 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2023
1.2% of GDP (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2024
1.2% of GDP (2024 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2015
$2.581 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2016
$2.047 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2017
$3.361 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2018
$3.106 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2019
$3.890 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020
$4.075 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021
$3.781 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$2.939 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$3.637 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$3.843 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Taxes and other revenues
22.7% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2019
4.46% (2019 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2020
5.02% (2020 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2021
5.41% (2021 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2022
3.6% (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2023
3.6% (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024
3.6% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): female
7.2% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): male
7.5% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total
7.4% (2024 est.)
Energy: Coal: consumption
13,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: exports
10.658 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: imports
900 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: production
10.583 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: proven reserves
1.792 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - rural areas
5%
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - total population
33.2% (2022 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - urban areas
79.4%
Energy: Electricity generation sources: biomass and waste
0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels
16.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: hydroelectricity
82.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: solar
0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: consumption
12.983 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: exports
11.483 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: imports
8.287 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: installed generating capacity
2.86 million kW (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: transmission/distribution losses
3.38 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023
5.789 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: consumption
1.625 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: exports
7.09 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: production
8.873 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: proven reserves
2.832 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption
42,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from coal and metallurgical coke
-68,287 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from consumed natural gas
3.373 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from petroleum and other liquids
6.244 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions
9.549 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Climate
tropical to subtropical
Environment: Environmental issues
increased population migration to urban and coastal areas; desertification; soil erosion; deforestation; water pollution from artisanal mining; pollution of surface and coastal waters; wildlife preservation (elephant poaching for ivory)
Environment: International environmental agreements: party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands
Environment: International environmental agreements: signed, but not ratified
none of the selected agreements
Environment: Land use: agricultural land
52.8% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 7.2% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.5% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 45.1% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: forest
41.7% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: other
5.5% (2023 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: agriculture
169.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: energy
320.1 kt (2022-2024 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: other
101.2 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: waste
117.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Particulate matter emissions
17.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Environment: Total renewable water resources
217.1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: agricultural
1.076 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: industrial
25 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: municipal
372 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
4.24% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: urban population
36.43% (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually
2.5 million tons (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: percent of municipal solid waste recycled
5.2% (2022 est.)
Geography: Area - comparative
slightly more than five times the size of Georgia; slightly less than twice the size of California
Geography: Area: land
786,380 sq km
Geography: Area: water
13,000 sq km
Geography: Coastline
2,470 km
Geography: Elevation: highest point
Monte Binga 2,436 m
Geography: Elevation: lowest point
Indian Ocean 0 m
Geography: Elevation: mean elevation
345 m
Geography: Geographic coordinates
18 15 S, 35 00 E
Geography: Geography - note
the Zambezi River flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country
Geography: Irrigated land
1,180 sq km (2012)
Geography: Land boundaries: border countries
Malawi 1498 km; South Africa 496 km; Eswatini 108 km; Tanzania 840 km; Zambia 439 km; Zimbabwe 1,402 km
Geography: Land boundaries: total
4,783 km
Geography: Land use: agricultural land
52.8% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 7.2% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.5% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 45.1% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: forest
41.7% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: other
5.5% (2023 est.)
Geography: Major lakes (area sq km): fresh water lake(s)
Lake Malawi (shared with Malawi and Tanzania) - 22,490
Geography: Major rivers (by length in km)
Rio Zambeze (Zambezi) river mouth (shared with Zambia [s]), Angola, Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe) - 2,740 km; Rio Limpopo river mouth (shared with South Africa [s], Botswana, and Zimbabwe) - 1,800 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Geography: Major watersheds (area sq km): Indian Ocean drainage
Zambezi (1,332,412 sq km)
Geography: Map references
Africa
Geography: Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone
200 nm
Geography: Maritime claims: territorial sea
12 nm
Geography: Natural hazards
severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods in central and southern provinces
Geography: Population distribution
three large population clusters are found along the southern coast between Maputo and Inhambane, in the central area between Beira and Chimoio along the Zambezi River, and in and around the northern cities of Nampula, Cidade de Nacala, and Pemba; the northwest and southwest are the least populated areas, as shown in this population distribution map
Geography: Terrain
mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west
Government: Administrative divisions
10 provinces ( provincias , singular - provincia ), 1 city ( cidade )*; Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Cidade de Maputo*, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia
Government: Capital: etymology
named after the Maputo River, which drains into Maputo Bay south of the city; the river is said to be named after the son of Muagobe, a local chief in the 18th century
Government: Capital: geographic coordinates
25 57 S, 32 35 E
Government: Capital: time difference
UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by birth
no
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of Mozambique
Government: Citizenship: dual citizenship recognized
no
Government: Citizenship: residency requirement for naturalization
5 years
Government: Constitution: amendment process
proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one third of the Assembly of the Republic membership; passage of amendments affecting constitutional provisions, including the independence and sovereignty of the state, the republican form of government, basic rights and freedoms, and universal suffrage, requires at least a two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly and approval in a referendum; referenda not required for passage of other amendments
Government: Constitution: history
previous 1975, 1990; latest adopted 16 November 2004, effective 21 December 2004
Government: Country name: conventional short form
Mozambique
Government: Country name: etymology
named for an offshore island; the island was named after Mussa bin BIQUE (or Mussa Ibn MALIK), an influential Arab slave trader who set himself up as sultan on the island in the 15th century
Government: Country name: former
Portuguese East Africa, People's Republic of Mozambique
Government: Country name: local long form
Republica de Mocambique
Government: Country name: local short form
Mocambique
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission
Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Abigail L. DRESSEL (since 11 August 2025)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: email address and website
MaputaConsular@state.gov https://mz.usembassy.gov/
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy
Avenida Marginal 5467, Maputo
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: mailing address
2330 Maputo Place, Washington DC 20521-2330
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: telephone
[258] (84) 095-8000
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery
1525 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Alfredo Fabião NUVUNGA (since 19 April 2023)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: email address and website
washington.dc@embamoc.gov.mz https://usa.embamoc.gov.mz/
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX
[1] (202) 835-0245
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: telephone
[1] (202) 293-7147
Government: Executive branch: cabinet
Cabinet appointed by the president
Government: Executive branch: chief of state
President Daniel Francisco CHAPO (since 15 January 2025)
Government: Executive branch: election results
2024 : Daniel CHAPO elected president in first round; percent of vote - Daniel CHAPO (FRELIMO) 65.2%, Venâncio MONDLANE (PODEMOS) 24.2%, Ossufo MOMADE (RENAMO) 6.6%
Government: Executive branch: election/appointment process
president elected directly by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for 2 consecutive terms); prime minister appointed by the president
Government: Executive branch: expected date of next election
October 2029
Government: Executive branch: head of government
Prime Minister Maria Benvinda Delfina LEVI (since 17 January 2025)
Government: Executive branch: most recent election date
9 October 2024
Government: Flag
description: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow, with a red isosceles triangle based on the left side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a five-pointed yellow star with a crossed black-and-white rifle and hoe, on top of an open white book meaning: green stands for the riches of the land, white for peace, black for the African continent, yellow for the country's minerals, and red for the fight for independence; the rifle stands for defense and vigilance, the hoe for agriculture, the open book for the importance of education, and the star for Marxism and internationalism
Government: International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Government: International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, CPLP, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF (observer), OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNEP, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, Union Latina, UPU, WCO, WFP, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Government: Judicial branch: highest court(s)
Supreme Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 5 judges); Constitutional Council (consists of 7 judges)
Government: Judicial branch: judge selection and term of office
Supreme Court president appointed by the president of the republic; vice president appointed by the president in consultation with the Higher Council of the Judiciary (CSMJ) and ratified by the Assembly of the Republic; other judges elected by the Assembly; judges serve 5-year renewable terms; Constitutional Council judges appointed - 1 by the president, 5 by the Assembly, and 1 by the CSMJ; judges serve 5-year nonrenewable terms
Government: Judicial branch: subordinate courts
Administrative Court (capital city only); provincial courts or Tribunais Judicias de Provincia; District Courts or Tribunais Judicias de Districto; customs courts; maritime courts; courts marshal; labor courts; community courts
Government: Legal system
mixed system of Portuguese civil law and customary law
Government: Legislative branch: electoral system
proportional representation
Government: Legislative branch: expected date of next election
October 2029
Government: Legislative branch: legislative structure
unicameral
Government: Legislative branch: legislature name
Assembly of the Republic (Assembleia da Republica)
Government: Legislative branch: most recent election date
10/9/2024
Government: Legislative branch: number of seats
250 (all directly elected)
Government: Legislative branch: parties elected and seats per party
Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) (171); Optimist Party for the Development of Mozambique (PODEMOS) (43); Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO) (28); Other (8)
Government: Legislative branch: percentage of women in chamber
38.3%
Government: Legislative branch: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch: term in office
5 years
Government: National anthem(s): history
adopted 2002; the new anthem reflects the new multi-party political system
Government: National anthem(s): lyrics/music
Salomão J. MANHICA/unkown
Government: National color(s)
green, black, yellow, white, red
Government: National heritage: selected World Heritage Site locales
Island of Mozambique
Government: National heritage: total World Heritage Sites
1 (cultural)
Government: National holiday
Independence Day, 25 June (1975)
Government: National symbol(s)
rifle, hoe, and book
Government: Political parties
Democratic Movement of Mozambique (Movimento Democratico de Mocambique) or MDM Liberation Front of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO Mozambican National Resistance (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana) or RENAMO
Government: Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Introduction: Background
In the first half of the second millennium A.D., northern Mozambican port towns were frequented by traders from Somalia, Ethiopia, Egypt, Arabia, Persia, and India. The Portuguese were able to wrest much of the coastal trade from Arab Muslims in the centuries after 1500, and they set up their own colonies. Portugal did not relinquish Mozambique until 1975. Large-scale emigration, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development until the mid-1990s. The ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free-market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement between FRELIMO and rebel Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO) forces ended the fighting in 1992. In 2004, Mozambique underwent a delicate transition as Joaquim CHISSANO stepped down after 18 years in office. His elected successor, Armando GUEBUZA, served two terms and then passed executive power to Filipe NYUSI in 2015. RENAMO’s residual armed forces intermittently engaged in a low-level insurgency after 2012, but a 2016 cease-fire eventually led to the two sides signing a comprehensive peace deal in 2019. Since 2017, violent extremists -- who an official ISIS media outlet recognized as ISIS's network in Mozambique for the first time in 2019 -- have been conducting attacks against civilians and security services in the northern province of Cabo Delgado. In 2021, Rwanda and the Southern African Development Community deployed forces to support Mozambique’s efforts to counter the extremist group.
Military and Security: Military - note
the FADM is responsible for external security, cooperating with police on internal security, and responding to natural disasters and other emergencies; the primary focus of the FADM is countering an insurgency in the northern province of Cabo Delgado by militants affiliated with the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham terrorist group (ISIS-Mozambique; known locally as Ahl al-Sunna wal-Jama‘a); since 2017, the conflict has claimed an estimated 6,000 lives and displaced an estimated one million persons; at Mozambique's request, Rwanda and several southern African countries under the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) deployed forces to Mozambique to combat the insurgency in 2021; the SADC forces departed in 2024; as of 2025, Rwanda continued to provide approximately 3,000 military and police personnel to assist Mozambican Defense and Security Forces, along with several hundred Tanzanian troops; the EU has also provided training assistance (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security forces
Armed Forces for the Defense of Mozambique (Forcas Armadas de Defesa de Mocambique, FADM): Army, Mozambique Navy, Mozambique Air Force Ministry of Interior: Mozambique National Police (PRM; includes the Rapid Intervention Unit, UIR), the National Criminal Investigation Service (SERNIC), Border Security Force; other security forces include the Presidential Guard and the Force for the Protection of High-Level Individuals (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security service personnel strengths
estimated 12,000 active FADM (2025)
Military and Security: Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the FADM's inventory consists primarily of Soviet-era armaments, although in recent years it has received some secondhand equipment from a number of countries, including India, South Africa, and the UAE, mostly as donations (2025)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2015
0.83% (2015 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2016
0.92% (2016 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2017
0.98% (2017 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2018
1.31% (2018 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2019
1.39% (2019 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2020
1.5% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2021
1.91% (2021 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2022
2.21% (2022 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2023
1.93% (2023 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2024
1.99% (2024 est.)
Military and Security: Military service age and obligation
registration for military service is mandatory for all men and women at 18 years of age; 18-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary service for men and women; initial 60-month service obligation (2025)
People and Society: Age structure: 0-14 years
44.7% (male 7,548,247/female 7,350,012)
People and Society: Age structure: 15-64 years
52.4% (male 8,428,457/female 9,061,065)
People and Society: Age structure: 65 years and over
2.9% (2024 est.) (male 473,030/female 490,143)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: beer
1.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: spirits
0.21 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: total
1.46 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: wine
0.22 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Birth rate
36.07 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Child marriage: men married by age 18
9.7% (2015)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 15
16.8% (2015)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 18
52.9% (2015)
People and Society: Children under the age of 5 years underweight
15.4% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Current health expenditure
8.50% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Currently married women (ages 15-49)
64.8% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Death rate
9.34 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: elderly dependency ratio
5.5 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: potential support ratio
18.3 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio
89.2 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: youth dependency ratio
83.7 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: rural
rural: 48.3% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: total
total: 63.2% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: urban
urban: 87.3% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: rural
rural: 51.7% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: total
total: 36.8% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: urban
urban: 12.7% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP)
6% of GDP (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% national budget)
20.4% national budget (2021 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditures
5.98% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Ethnic groups
African 99% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others), Mestizo 0.8%, other (includes European, Indian, Pakistani, Chinese) 0.2% (2017 est.)
People and Society: Gross reproduction rate
2.26 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
9.1% of GDP (2021)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
8% of national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
11.50% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Hospital bed density
0.7 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: female
56.2 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: male
60.1 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: total
43.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: female
66.7 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: male
60.5 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: female
50.9% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: male
74.1% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: total population
61.67% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Major urban areas - population
1.852 million Matola, 1.163 million MAPUTO (capital), 969,000 Nampula (2023)
People and Society: Maternal mortality ratio
99 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
People and Society: Median age: female
17.9 years
People and Society: Median age: male
16.7 years
People and Society: Mother's mean age at first birth
19.2 years (2011 est.)
People and Society: Nationality: adjective
Mozambican
People and Society: Net migration rate
-1.46 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Obesity - adult prevalence rate
7.2% (2016)
People and Society: Physician density
0.18 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
People and Society: Population
34,631,766 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population distribution
three large population clusters are found along the southern coast between Maputo and Inhambane, in the central area between Beira and Chimoio along the Zambezi River, and in and around the northern cities of Nampula, Cidade de Nacala, and Pemba; the northwest and southwest are the least populated areas, as shown in this population distribution map
People and Society: Population growth rate
2.92% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population: female
17,325,615
People and Society: Population: male
16,880,529
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: rural
rural: 24.3% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: total
total: 42.4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: urban
urban: 71.8% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: rural
rural: 75.7% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: total
total: 57.6% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: urban
urban: 28.2% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): female
10 years (2017 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): male
11 years (2017 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total
10 years (2017 est.)
People and Society: Sex ratio: 0-14 years
1.03 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 15-64 years
0.93 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 65 years and over
0.97 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: at birth
1.03 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: total population
0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: female
5.6% (2020 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: male
23% (2020 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: total
14.3% (2020 est.)
People and Society: Total fertility rate
4.69 children born/woman (2024 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
4.24% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: urban population
36.43% (2024 est.)
Terrorism: Terrorist group(s)
Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham - Mozambique (ISIS-M)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: IDPs
718,154 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees
24,250 (2024 est.)
Transportation: Airports
92 (2025)
Transportation: Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
C9
Transportation: Merchant marine: by type
general cargo 9, other 27
Transportation: Merchant marine: total
36 (2023)
Transportation: Ports: key ports
Beira, Chinde, Inhambane, Maputo, Mocambique, Pebane, Porto Belo
Transportation: Ports: large
0
Transportation: Ports: medium
2
Transportation: Ports: ports with oil terminals
3
Transportation: Ports: small
5
Transportation: Ports: total ports
11 (2024)
Transportation: Ports: very small
4
Transportation: Railways: narrow gauge
4,787 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge
Transportation: Railways: total
4,787 km (2014)
Warning: Some information might be outdated or incorrect, please check statistics before using(most of the economical stats are correct, its mostly the Population stats that are incorrect). Some dates are listed but some are missed, if you have any issues please report it to the Github at github.com.