Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
32 (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total
1.65 million (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadcast media
publicly owned broadcaster Radio Telefis Eireann (RTE) operates 4 TV stations; commercial TV stations are available; about 75% of households use multi-channel satellite and TV services that provide access to a wide range of stations; RTE operates 4 national radio stations and has launched digital audio broadcasts on several; a number of commercial broadcast stations operate at the national, regional, and local levels (2019)
Communications: Internet country code
.ie
Communications: Internet users: percent of population
97.19% (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
23 (2023 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions
1.176 million (2023 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
113 (2022 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions
5.76 million (2023 est.)
Economy: Agricultural products
milk, barley, beef, wheat, potatoes, pork, oats, chicken, rapeseed, beans (2023)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on alcohol and tobacco
4% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on food
8.6% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: expenditures
$108.693 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Budget: revenues
$118.231 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2013
$5.830 billion (2013 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2014
$5.535 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2015
$18.646 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2016
-$3.640 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2017
$5.743 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2018
$17.941 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2019
-$83.713 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2020
-$29.305 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2021
$65.118 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2022
$48.427 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2023
$44.744 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2024
$105.991 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates
0.923890 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Currency
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2013
0.752945 (2013 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2014
0.752728 (2014 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2015
0.901296 (2015 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2016
0.903421 (2016 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2017
0.885206 (2017 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2018
0.846773 (2018 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2019
0.893276 (2019 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2020
0.875506 (2020 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2021
0.845494 (2021 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2022
0.949624 (2022 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2023
0.924840 (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2024
0.923890 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exports - commodities
vaccines, packaged medicine, nitrogen compounds, integrated circuits, hormones (2023)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2011
$246.786 billion (2011 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2014
$306.723 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2015
$382.725 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2016
$394.551 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2017
$447.623 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2018
$498.559 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2019
$534.362 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2020
$609.592 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2021
$722.655 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2022
$763.233 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2023
$761.876 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2024
$877.093 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: exports of goods and services
135.1% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: government consumption
12.2% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption
26.8% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: imports of goods and services
-102.2% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in fixed capital
23.2% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in inventories
3.1% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture
1.1% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: industry
30.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: services
61.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - per capita (PPP)
$133,437 (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (official exchange rate)
$577.389 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (purchasing power parity) - real
$720.001 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015
31.8 (2015 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016
32.8 (2016 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017
31.4 (2017 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018
30.6 (2018 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019
30.3 (2019 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020
29.2 (2020 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021
29.4 (2021 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022
29.9 (2022 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2023
29.0 (2023 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%
24.5% (2022 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%
3.6% (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports - commodities
aircraft, nitrogen compounds, vaccines, packaged medicine, integrated circuits (2023)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2010
$192.360 billion (2010 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2015
$293.085 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2016
$337.593 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2017
$365.103 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2018
$381.869 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2019
$514.831 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2020
$518.714 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2021
$500.334 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2022
$536.882 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2023
$580.399 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2024
$622.469 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Industrial production growth rate
-4.9% (2024 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015
-0.33% (2015 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016
0.02% (2016 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017
0.36% (2017 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018
0.47% (2018 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019
0.94% (2019 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020
-0.33% (2020 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021
2.34% (2021 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
7.83% (2022 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
6.30% (2023 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
2.11% (2024 est.)
Economy: Labor force
2.857 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Population below poverty line
14.00% (2021 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2022
45.4% of GDP (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014
$245.187 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015
$336.605 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016
$347.740 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017
$388.370 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019
$457.946 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020
$492.887 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021
$597.446 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$648.943 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$613.056 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$620.544 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2015
24.62% (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2016
1.22% (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2017
10.11% (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2018
7.69% (2018 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2019
4.97% (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2020
7.15% (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2021
16.26% (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2022
7.51% (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2023
-5.5% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024
1.2% (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2014
$52,641 (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2015
$71,588 (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2016
$73,013 (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2017
$80,450 (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2019
$92,023 (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2020
$97,800 (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2021
$116,904 (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2022
$138,523 (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2023
$129,683 (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2013
$722.4 million (2013 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2014
$725.8 million (2014 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2015
$603.6 million (2015 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2020
$276.1 million (2020 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2021
$179.9 million (2021 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2022
0.1% of GDP (2022 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2023
0.1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2024
$656.4 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2015
$2.203 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2016
$3.589 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2017
$4.413 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2018
$5.223 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2019
$5.733 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020
$7.463 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021
$13.247 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$13.039 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$12.905 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$12.698 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Taxes and other revenues
16.8% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2019
4.95% (2019 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2020
5.62% (2020 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2021
6.36% (2021 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2022
4.46% (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2023
4.24% (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024
4.30% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): female
11% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): male
11.2% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total
11.1% (2024 est.)
Energy: Coal: consumption
1.341 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: exports
76,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: imports
1.711 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: proven reserves
40 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: biomass and waste
3.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels
55.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: hydroelectricity
2.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: solar
1.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: wind
37% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: consumption
32.282 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: exports
441.615 million kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: imports
3.89 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: installed generating capacity
12.321 million kW (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: transmission/distribution losses
2.489 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023
113.837 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: consumption
4.919 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: imports
3.707 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: production
1.165 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: proven reserves
9.911 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption
159,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: total petroleum production
600 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from coal and metallurgical coke
3.029 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from consumed natural gas
9.822 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from petroleum and other liquids
22.635 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions
35.486 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Climate
temperate maritime; modified by North Atlantic Current; mild winters, cool summers; consistently humid; overcast about half the time
Environment: Environmental issues
water pollution, especially of lakes, from agricultural runoff; deforestation, including problems with acid rain
Environment: Geoparks: global geoparks and regional networks
Burren & Cliffs of Moher; Copper Coast; Marble Arch Caves (includes United Kingdom) (2023)
Environment: Geoparks: total global geoparks and regional networks
3
Environment: International environmental agreements: party to
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
Environment: International environmental agreements: signed, but not ratified
Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Marine Life Conservation
Environment: Land use: agricultural land
60.8% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 6.4% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 54.4% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: forest
11.9% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: other
27.3% (2023 est.)
Environment: Particulate matter emissions
7.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Environment: Total renewable water resources
52 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: agricultural
39.63 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: industrial
531.82 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: municipal
1.106 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
1.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: urban population
64.35% (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually
2.911 million tons (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: percent of municipal solid waste recycled
42.4% (2022 est.)
Geography: Area - comparative
slightly larger than West Virginia
Geography: Area: land
68,883 sq km
Geography: Area: water
1,390 sq km
Geography: Coastline
1,448 km
Geography: Elevation: highest point
Carrauntoohil 1,041 m
Geography: Elevation: lowest point
Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Geography: Elevation: mean elevation
118 m
Geography: Geographic coordinates
53 00 N, 8 00 W
Geography: Geography - note
strategic location on major air and sea routes between North America and northern Europe; over 40% of the population resides within 100 km of Dublin
Geography: Irrigated land
0 sq km (2022)
Geography: Land boundaries: border countries
UK 499 km
Geography: Land boundaries: total
490 km
Geography: Land use: agricultural land
60.8% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 6.4% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 54.4% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: forest
11.9% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: other
27.3% (2023 est.)
Geography: Map references
Europe
Geography: Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone
200 nm
Geography: Maritime claims: territorial sea
12 nm
Geography: Natural hazards
rare extreme weather events
Geography: Population distribution
population distribution is weighted to the eastern side of the island, with the largest concentration in and around Dublin; populations in the west are small due to mountainous land, poorer soil, and lack of transport routes
Geography: Terrain
mostly flat to rolling interior plain surrounded by rugged hills and low mountains; sea cliffs on west coast
Government: Administrative divisions
28 counties and 3 cities*; Carlow, Cavan, Clare, Cork, Cork*, Donegal, Dublin*, Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown, Fingal, Galway, Galway*, Kerry, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois, Leitrim, Limerick, Longford, Louth, Mayo, Meath, Monaghan, Offaly, Roscommon, Sligo, South Dublin, Tipperary, Waterford, Westmeath, Wexford, Wicklow
Government: Capital: daylight saving time
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Government: Capital: etymology
derived from the Irish words dubh (black or dark) and linn (pool), referring to the color of the Liffey River
Government: Capital: geographic coordinates
53 19 N, 6 14 W
Government: Capital: time difference
UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by birth
no, unless a parent of a child born in Ireland has been legally resident in Ireland for at least three of the four years prior to the birth of the child
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by descent only
yes
Government: Citizenship: dual citizenship recognized
yes
Government: Citizenship: residency requirement for naturalization
4 of the previous 8 years
Government: Constitution: amendment process
proposed as bills by Parliament; passage requires majority vote by both the Senate and House of Representatives, majority vote in a referendum, and presidential signature
Government: Constitution: history
previous 1922; latest drafted 14 June 1937, adopted by plebiscite 1 July 1937, effective 29 December 1937
Government: Country name: conventional short form
Ireland
Government: Country name: etymology
the Irish name Eire evolved from the Gaelic name Eriu, which is possibly derived from the Old Celtic iveriu , meaning "good land;" the English name, Ireland, is a direct translation
Government: Country name: local long form
none
Government: Country name: local short form
Eire
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Edward S. WALSH (since 1 July 2025)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: email address and website
ACSDublin@state.gov https://ie.usembassy.gov/
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy
42 Elgin Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: FAX
[353] (1) 688-8056
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: mailing address
5290 Dublin Place, Washington DC 20521-5290
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: telephone
[353] (1) 668-8777
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery
2234 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Geraldine BYRNE NASON (since 16 September 2022)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s) general
Atlanta, Austin (TX), Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: email address and website
https://www.ireland.ie/en/usa/washington/
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX
[1] (202) 232-5993
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: telephone
[1] (202) 462-3939
Government: Executive branch: cabinet
Cabinet nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, approved by the Dali Eireann (lower house of Parliament)
Government: Executive branch: chief of state
President Catherine CONNOLLY (since 11 November 2025)
Government: Executive branch: election results
2025: Michael MARTIN is elected taoiseach by parliament, 95 votes to 76, and is appointed taoiseach by the president 2024: Simon HARRIS is elected taoiseach by parliament, 88 votes to 69, and is appointed taoiseach by the president 2018: Michael D. HIGGINS reelected president in first round; percent of vote in first round - Michael D. HIGGINS (independent) 55.8%, Peter CASEY (independent) 23.3%, Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 6.4%, Liadh NI RIADA (Sinn Fein) 6.4%, Joan FREEMAN (independent) 6%, Gavin DUFFY (independent) 2.2%
Government: Executive branch: election/appointment process
president directly elected by majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); taoiseach (prime minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann), appointed by the president
Government: Executive branch: expected date of next election
no later than November 2025
Government: Executive branch: head of government
Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Michael MARTIN (since 23 January 2025)
Government: Executive branch: most recent election date
26 October 2018
Government: Flag
description: three equal vertical bands of green (left side), white, and orange meaning: the flag colors have no official meaning, but a common interpretation is that the green stands for the Irish nationalist tradition, orange for the Orange tradition (minority supporters of William of Orange), and white for peace or a lasting truce between the green and the orange
Government: International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Government: International organization participation
ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOCI, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Government: Judicial branch: highest court(s)
Supreme Court of Ireland (consists of the chief justice, 9 judges, 2 ex-officio members -- the presidents of the High Court and Court of Appeal -- and organized in 3-, 5-, or 7-judge panels, depending on the importance or complexity of an issue of law)
Government: Judicial branch: judge selection and term of office
judges nominated by the prime minister and Cabinet and appointed by the president; chief justice serves in the position for 7 years; judges can serve until age 70
Government: Judicial branch: subordinate courts
High Court, Court of Appeal; circuit and district courts; criminal courts
Government: Legal system
common law system based on the English model but substantially modified by customary law; Supreme Court reviews legislative acts
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: chamber name
House of Representatives (Dáil Éireann)
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: electoral system
proportional representation
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: expected date of next election
November 2029
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: most recent election date
1/29/2025 to 1/30/2025
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: number of seats
174 (all directly elected)
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: parties elected and seats per party
Fianna Fáil (48); Sinn Féin (39); Fine Gael (38); Social Democratic Party (11); Labour Party (11); Independents (16); Other (11)
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: percentage of women in chamber
25.3%
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: term in office
5 years
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: chamber name
Senate (Seanad Éireann - Senate)
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: expected date of next election
January 2030
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: most recent election date
11/29/2024
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: number of seats
60 (49 indirectly elected; 11 appointed)
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: parties elected and seats per party
Fianna Fail (19); Fine Gael (18); Sinn Fein (6); Independents (12); other (5)
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: percentage of women in chamber
45%
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: term in office
5 years
Government: Legislative branch: legislative structure
bicameral
Government: Legislative branch: legislature name
Parliament (Oireachtas)
Government: National anthem(s): history
adopted 1926; the song "Ireland's Call" is often used as the anthem at athletic events if citizens of Ireland and Northern Ireland are competing as a unified team
Government: National anthem(s): lyrics/music
Peadar KEARNEY [English], Liam O RINN [Irish]/Patrick HEENEY and Peadar KEARNEY
Government: National coat of arms
the coat of arms features a gold harp on a blue shield and dates back to the 13th century, although it only became official in 1945; the harp, a national symbol that Ireland adopted after gaining independence from the United Kingdom in 1921, represents the country’s history, culture, and national identity
Government: National color(s)
blue, green
Government: National heritage: selected World Heritage Site locales
Brú na Bóinne - Archaeological Ensemble of the Bend of the Boyne; Sceilg Mhichíl
Government: National heritage: total World Heritage Sites
2 (both cultural)
Government: National holiday
Saint Patrick's Day, 17 March
Government: National symbol(s)
harp, shamrock (trefoil)
Government: Political parties
Aontu Solidarity-People Before Profit or PBP-S Fianna Fail Fine Gael Green Party Human Dignity Alliance Independent Ireland Labor (Labour) Party 100% Redress Right to Change or RTC Sinn Fein Social Democrats Socialist Party The Workers' Party
Government: Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Introduction: Background
Celtic tribes arrived in Ireland between 600 and 150 B.C. Norse invasions that began in the late 8th century finally ended when King Brian BORU defeated the Danes in 1014. Norman invasions began in the 12th century and set off more than seven centuries of Anglo-Irish struggle marked by fierce rebellions and harsh repressions. The Irish famine of the mid-19th century caused an almost 25-percent decline in the island's population through starvation, disease, and emigration. The population of the island continued to fall until the 1960s, but over the last 50 years, Ireland's high birthrate has made it demographically one of the youngest populations in the EU. The modern Irish state traces its origins to the failed 1916 Easter Monday Uprising that galvanized nationalist sentiment. The ensuing guerrilla war led to independence from the UK in 1921 with the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the creation of the Irish Free State. The treaty was deeply controversial in Ireland, in part because it helped solidify the country's partition, with six of the 32 counties remaining in the UK as Northern Ireland. The split between pro-Treaty and anti-Treaty partisans led to the Irish Civil War (1922-23). The traditionally dominant political parties in Ireland, Fine Gael and Fianna Fail, are de facto descendants of the opposing sides of the treaty debate. Ireland declared itself a republic in 1949 and formally left the British Dominion. Beginning in the 1960s, deep sectarian divides between the Catholic and Protestant populations and systemic discrimination in Northern Ireland erupted into years of violence known as the Troubles. In 1998, the governments of Ireland and the UK, along with most political parties in Northern Ireland, reached the Belfast/Good Friday Agreement with the support of the US. This agreement helped end the Troubles and initiated a new phase of cooperation between the Irish and British Governments. Ireland was neutral in World War II and continues its policy of military neutrality. Ireland joined the European Community in 1973 and the euro-zone currency union in 1999. The economic boom years of the Celtic Tiger (1995-2007) saw rapid economic growth that came to an abrupt end in 2008 with the meltdown of the Irish banking system. As a small, open economy, Ireland has excelled at courting foreign direct investment, especially from US multi-nationals, which has helped the economy recover from the financial crisis and insulated it somewhat from the economic shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Military and Security: Military - note
the Irish Defense Forces (IDF) are responsible for external defense, assisting civil authorities upon request, participating in multinational peacekeeping and humanitarian operations, and providing for maritime security; the IDF traces its origins back to the Irish Volunteers, a unit established in 1913 which took part in the 1916 Easter Rising and the Irish War of Independence (1919-1921) Ireland has a long-standing policy of military neutrality; however, Ireland is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy and has committed a battalion of troops to the EU’s Rapid Reaction Force; Ireland is not a member of NATO but has a relationship with it going back to 1997, when it deployed personnel in support of the NATO-led peacekeeping operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina; Ireland joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1999; it has been active in UN peacekeeping operations since the 1950s (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security forces
Irish Defense Forces (Oglaigh na h-Eireannn): Army, Air Corps, Naval Service, Reserve Defense Forces (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 7,500 active-duty Defense Forces (authorized establishment of 9,500) (2025)
Military and Security: Military deployments
330 Lebanon (UNIFIL); also contributes small numbers of troops to EU, NATO, and other UN missions (2025)
Military and Security: Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the Irish Defense Forces have an inventory of imported weapons systems from a variety of mostly European countries (2025)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2015
0.33% (2015 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2016
0.33% (2016 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2017
0.30% (2017 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2018
0.28% (2018 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2019
0.27% (2019 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2020
0.26% (2020 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2021
0.24% (2021 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2022
0.21% (2022 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2023
0.23% (2023 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2024
0.24% (2024 est.)
Military and Security: Military service age and obligation
18-38 years of age for men and women for voluntary military service (2026)
People and Society: Age structure: 0-14 years
18.6% (male 498,124/female 477,848)
People and Society: Age structure: 15-64 years
65.5% (male 1,701,680/female 1,728,041)
People and Society: Age structure: 65 years and over
15.8% (2024 est.) (male 390,738/female 437,030)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: beer
4.92 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: other alcohols
0.82 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: spirits
2.29 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: total
10.91 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: wine
2.88 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Birth rate
10.95 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Current health expenditure
6.85% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Currently married women (ages 15-49)
47.1% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Death rate
7.43 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: elderly dependency ratio
24.1 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: potential support ratio
4.1 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio
52.6 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: youth dependency ratio
28.5 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: rural
rural: 97% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: total
total: 96% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: urban
urban: 95.4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: rural
rural: 3% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: total
total: 4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: urban
urban: 4.6% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP)
2.9% of GDP (2021 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% national budget)
12.3% national budget (2021 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditures
2.90% (2021 est.)
People and Society: Ethnic groups
Irish 76.6%, Irish travelers 0.6%, other White 9.9%, Asian 3.3%, Black 1.5%, other (includes Arab, Roma, and persons of mixed backgrounds) 2%, unspecified 2.6% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Gross reproduction rate
0.83 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
6.1% of GDP (2022)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
22.3% of national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
0.20% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Hospital bed density
3.0 beds/1,000 population (2023 est.)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: female
3.3 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: male
3.2 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: total
3.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: female
84.7 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: male
81.4 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Major urban areas - population
1.270 million DUBLIN (capital) (2023)
People and Society: Maternal mortality ratio
4 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
People and Society: Median age: female
40.6 years
People and Society: Median age: male
39.7 years
People and Society: Mother's mean age at first birth
30.9 years (2020 est.)
People and Society: Nationality: adjective
Irish
People and Society: Net migration rate
4.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Obesity - adult prevalence rate
25.3% (2016)
People and Society: Physician density
3.88 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
People and Society: Population
5,395,790 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population distribution
population distribution is weighted to the eastern side of the island, with the largest concentration in and around Dublin; populations in the west are small due to mountainous land, poorer soil, and lack of transport routes
People and Society: Population growth rate
0.8% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Population: female
2,642,919
People and Society: Population: male
2,590,542
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: rural
rural: 98.2% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: total
total: 96.1% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: urban
urban: 94.8% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: rural
rural: 1.8% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: total
total: 3.9% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: urban
urban: 5.2% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): female
20 years (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): male
19 years (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total
19 years (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sex ratio: 0-14 years
1.04 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 15-64 years
0.98 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 65 years and over
0.89 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: at birth
1.06 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: total population
0.98 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: female
14.4% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: male
19.2% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: total
16.8% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Total fertility rate
1.47 children born/woman (2024 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
1.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: urban population
64.35% (2024 est.)
Terrorism: Terrorist group(s)
Continuity Irish Republican Army (CIRA); Real Irish Republican Army (RIRA); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees
156,441 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: stateless persons
48 (2024 est.)
Transportation: Airports
100 (2025)
Transportation: Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
EI
Transportation: Heliports
10 (2025)
Transportation: Merchant marine: by type
bulk carrier 12, general cargo 32, oil tanker 1, other 49
Transportation: Merchant marine: total
94 (2023)
Transportation: Ports: key ports
Cobh, Cork, Dublin, Foynes
Transportation: Ports: large
1
Transportation: Ports: medium
3
Transportation: Ports: ports with oil terminals
8
Transportation: Ports: small
3
Transportation: Ports: total ports
21 (2024)
Transportation: Ports: very small
14
Transportation: Railways: total
1,688 km (2020) 53 km electrified
Warning: Some information might be outdated or incorrect, please check statistics before using(most of the economical stats are correct, its mostly the Population stats that are incorrect). Some dates are listed but some are missed, if you have any issues please report it to the Github at github.com.