Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
2 (2022 est.)
Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total
39.3 million (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadcast media
Doordarshan, India's public TV network, has a monopoly on terrestrial broadcasting and operates about 20 national, regional, and local services; a large number of privately owned TV stations are distributed by cable and satellite service providers; cable and satellite TV offer over 850 TV channels; government controls AM radio, with All India Radio operating domestic and external networks; news broadcasts via radio are limited to the All India Radio Network; since 2000, privately owned FM stations have been permitted and have increased rapidly (2020)
Communications: Internet country code
.in
Communications: Internet users: percent of population
70.00% (2025 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
2 (2023 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions
27.455 million (2022 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
79 (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions
1.15 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Agricultural products
sugarcane, rice, milk, wheat, bison milk, potatoes, vegetables, maize, bananas, onions (2023)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on alcohol and tobacco
2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on food
29.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: expenditures
$486.598 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Budget: revenues
$311.824 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2013
-$49.123 billion (2013 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2014
-$27.314 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2015
-$22.457 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2016
-$12.114 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2017
-$38.168 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2018
-$65.599 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2019
-$29.763 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2020
$32.730 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2021
-$33.422 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2022
-$79.051 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2023
-$31.962 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2024
-$32.428 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2022
$615.515 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2023
$212.728 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates
83.6693 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Currency
Indian rupees (INR) per US dollar -
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2013
58.5978 (2013 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2014
61.0295 (2014 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2015
64.1519 (2015 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2016
67.1953 (2016 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2017
65.1216 (2017 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2018
68.3895 (2018 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2019
70.4203 (2019 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2020
74.0996 (2020 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2021
73.9180 (2021 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2022
78.6045 (2022 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2023
82.5993 (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2024
83.6693 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exports - commodities
refined petroleum, packaged medicine, diamonds, broadcasting equipment, garments (2023)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2011
$447.384 billion (2011 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2014
$468.346 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2015
$416.788 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2016
$439.643 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2017
$498.259 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2018
$538.635 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2019
$529.245 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2020
$499.729 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2021
$677.769 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2022
$767.643 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2023
$773.177 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2024
$822.046 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: exports of goods and services
21.2% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: government consumption
10.1% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption
61.5% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: imports of goods and services
-23.5% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in fixed capital
29.6% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in inventories
3% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture
16.4% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: industry
24.5% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: services
49.9% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - per capita (PPP)
$11,160 (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (official exchange rate)
$3.913 trillion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (purchasing power parity) - real
$16.192 trillion (2024 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022
25.5 (2022 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%
22.1% (2022 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%
4.5% (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports - commodities
crude petroleum, gold, coal, natural gas, integrated circuits (2023)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2010
$449.974 billion (2010 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2015
$465.098 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2016
$480.169 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2017
$582.018 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2018
$640.301 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2019
$602.315 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2020
$510.245 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2021
$760.903 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2022
$902.304 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2023
$859.507 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2024
$923.081 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Industrial production growth rate
5.6% (2024 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015
4.91% (2015 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016
4.95% (2016 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017
3.33% (2017 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018
3.94% (2018 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019
3.73% (2019 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020
6.62% (2020 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021
5.13% (2021 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
6.70% (2022 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
5.65% (2023 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
4.95% (2024 est.)
Economy: Labor force
607.691 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Population below poverty line
21.90% (2011 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2013
50.31% (2013 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2014
49.90% (2014 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2016
47.63% (2016 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2017
47.58% (2017 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2018
46.52% (2018 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014
$6.813 trillion (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015
$7.205 trillion (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016
$7.796 trillion (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017
$8.355 trillion (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019
$9.933 trillion (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020
$9.771 trillion (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021
$11.384 trillion (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$12.251 trillion (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$13.377 trillion (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$14.244 trillion (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2015
8.00% (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2016
8.26% (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2017
6.80% (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2018
6.45% (2018 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2019
3.87% (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2020
-5.78% (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2021
9.69% (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2022
7.61% (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2023
9.19% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024
6.49% (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2014
$5,192 (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2015
$5,425 (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2016
$5,800 (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2017
$6,145 (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2019
$7,151 (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2020
$6,966 (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2021
$8,050 (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2022
$9,207 (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2023
$10,323 (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2013
$69.970 billion (2013 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2014
$70.389 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2015
$68.910 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2020
$83.149 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2021
$89.375 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2022
3.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2023
3.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2024
3.5% of GDP (2024 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2015
$353.319 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2016
$361.694 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2017
$412.614 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2018
$399.167 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2019
$463.470 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020
$590.227 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021
$638.485 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$567.298 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$627.793 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$643.043 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Taxes and other revenues
6.7% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2019
6.51% (2019 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2020
7.86% (2020 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2021
6.38% (2021 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2022
4.82% (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2023
4.17% (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024
4.17% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): female
17.6% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): male
15.5% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total
16% (2024 est.)
Energy: Coal: consumption
1.262 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: exports
1.632 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: imports
243.488 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: production
1.02 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: proven reserves
127.727 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - rural areas
99.3%
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - total population
99.2% (2022 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - urban areas
100%
Energy: Electricity generation sources: biomass and waste
1.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels
75.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: hydroelectricity
8.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: nuclear
2.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: solar
6.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: wind
5.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: consumption
1.5 trillion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: exports
9.529 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: imports
7.843 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: installed generating capacity
499.136 million kW (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: transmission/distribution losses
303.066 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023
25.179 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: consumption
62.196 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: exports
91.921 million cubic meters (2019 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: imports
29.337 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: production
35.168 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: proven reserves
1.381 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy: Nuclear energy: Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors
6.92GW (2025 est.)
Energy: Nuclear energy: Number of nuclear reactors under construction
7 (2025)
Energy: Nuclear energy: Number of operational nuclear reactors
20 (2025)
Energy: Nuclear energy: Percent of total electricity production
3.1% (2023 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: crude oil estimated reserves
4.605 billion barrels (2021 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption
5.271 million bbl/day (2023 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: total petroleum production
822,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from coal and metallurgical coke
2.054 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from consumed natural gas
124.226 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from petroleum and other liquids
642.909 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions
2.821 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Climate
varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north
Environment: Environmental issues
deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; desertification; air pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage and agricultural pesticides; tap water not potable; growing population overstraining natural resources; biodiversity loss
Environment: International environmental agreements: party to
Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
Environment: International environmental agreements: signed, but not ratified
none of the selected agreements
Environment: Land use: agricultural land
60.1% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 51.8% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 4.9% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 3.4% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: forest
24.4% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: other
15.5% (2023 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: agriculture
17,971 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: energy
8,217.3 kt (2022-2024 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: other
644.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: waste
4,773.7 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Particulate matter emissions
55.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Environment: Total renewable water resources
1.911 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: agricultural
688 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: industrial
17 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: municipal
56 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
2.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: urban population
35.38% (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually
189.75 million tons (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: percent of municipal solid waste recycled
17.8% (2022 est.)
Geography: Area - comparative
slightly more than one-third the size of the US
Geography: Area: land
2,973,193 sq km
Geography: Area: water
314,070 sq km
Geography: Coastline
7,000 km
Geography: Elevation: highest point
Kanchenjunga 8,586 m
Geography: Elevation: lowest point
Indian Ocean 0 m
Geography: Elevation: mean elevation
160 m
Geography: Geographic coordinates
20 00 N, 77 00 E
Geography: Geography - note
dominates South Asian subcontinent; near important Indian Ocean trade routes; Kanchenjunga, third tallest mountain in the world, lies on the border with Nepal
Geography: Irrigated land
754,562 sq km (2022)
Geography: Land boundaries: border countries
Bangladesh 4,142 km; Bhutan 659 km; Burma 1,468 km; China 2,659 km; Nepal 1,770 km; Pakistan 3,190 km
Geography: Land boundaries: total
13,888 km
Geography: Land use: agricultural land
60.1% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 51.8% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 4.9% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 3.4% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: forest
24.4% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: other
15.5% (2023 est.)
Geography: Major aquifers
Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra Basin
Geography: Major lakes (area sq km): salt water lake(s)
Chilika Lake - 1,170 sq km
Geography: Major rivers (by length in km)
Brahmaputra (shared with China [s] and Bangladesh [m]) - 3,969 km; Indus (shared with China [s] and Pakistan [m]) - 3,610 km; Ganges river source (shared with Bangladesh [m]) - 2,704 km; Godavari - 1,465 km; Sutlej (shared with China [s] and Pakistan [m]) - 1,372 km; Yamuna - 1,370 km; Narmada - 1,289 km; Chenab river source (shared with Pakistan [m]) - 1,086 km ; Ghaghara river mouth (shared with China [s] and Nepal) - 1,080 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Geography: Major watersheds (area sq km): Indian Ocean drainage
Brahmaputra (651,335 sq km), Ganges (1,016,124 sq km), Indus (1,081,718 sq km), Irrawaddy (413,710 sq km)
Geography: Map references
Asia
Geography: Maritime claims: contiguous zone
24 nm
Geography: Maritime claims: continental shelf
200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Geography: Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone
200 nm
Geography: Maritime claims: territorial sea
12 nm
Geography: Natural hazards
droughts; flash floods, as well as widespread and destructive flooding from monsoonal rains; severe thunderstorms; earthquakes volcanism: Barren Island (354 m) in the Andaman Sea has been active in recent years
Geography: Population distribution
a very high population density exists throughout most of the country, with the notable exception of the deserts in the northwest and the mountain fringe in the north; the core of the population is in the north along the banks of the Ganges, with other river valleys and southern coastal areas also having large population concentrations
Geography: Terrain
upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south, flat to rolling plain along the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north
Government: Administrative divisions
28 states and 8 union territories*; Andaman and Nicobar Islands*, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh*, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu*, Delhi*, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir*, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Ladakh*, Lakshadweep*, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Puducherry*, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal
Government: Capital: etymology
the name is of unknown origin; one theory says it may come from the Hindi word dehli (threshold), because of the city's location between the Indus and the Ganges Rivers
Government: Capital: geographic coordinates
28 36 N, 77 12 E
Government: Capital: time difference
UTC+5.5 (10.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by birth
no
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of India
Government: Citizenship: dual citizenship recognized
no
Government: Citizenship: residency requirement for naturalization
5 years
Government: Constitution: amendment process
proposed by either the Council of States or the House of the People; passage requires majority participation of the total membership in each house and at least two-thirds majority of voting members of each house, followed by assent of the president of India; proposed amendments to the constitutional amendment procedures also must be ratified by at least one half of the India state legislatures before presidential assent
Government: Constitution: history
previous 1935 (pre-independence); latest draft completed 4 November 1949, adopted 26 November 1949, effective 26 January 1950
Government: Country name: conventional short form
India
Government: Country name: etymology
the English name derives from the Indus River; the Indian name, Bharat, may derive from the Bharatas tribe mentioned in the Sanskrit Vedas (Hindu religious texts); the name is also associated with Emperor Bharata, the legendary conqueror of India
Government: Country name: local long form
Republic of India (English)/ Bharatiya Ganarajya (Hindi)
Government: Country name: local short form
India (English)/ Bharat (Hindi)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission
Ambassador-designate Sergio GOR (since 11 October 2025)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: consulate(s) general
Chennai (Madras), Hyderabad, Kolkata (Calcutta), Mumbai (Bombay)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: email address and website
acsnd@state.gov https://in.usembassy.gov/
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy
Shantipath, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi - 110021
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: FAX
[91] (11) 2419-0017
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: mailing address
9000 New Delhi Place, Washington DC 20521-9000
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: telephone
[91] (11) 2419-8000
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery
2107 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Vinay Mohan KWATRA (since 18 September 2024)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s) general
Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, New York, San Francisco, Seattle
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: email address and website
hoc.washington@mea.gov.in https://www.indianembassyusa.gov.in/
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX
[1] (202) 265-4351
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: telephone
[1] (202) 939-7000
Government: Executive branch: cabinet
Union Council of Ministers recommended by the prime minister, appointed by the president
Government: Executive branch: chief of state
President Droupadi MURMU (since 25 July 2022)
Government: Executive branch: election results
2022: Droupadi MURMU elected president; percent of electoral college vote - Droupadi MURMU (BJP) 64%, Yashwant SINHA (AITC) 35.9%; Jagdeep DHANKHAR elected vice president; percent of electoral college vote - Jagdeep DHANKHAR (BJP) 74.4%, Margaret ALVA (INC) 25.6%
Government: Executive branch: election/appointment process
president indirectly elected for a 5-year term (no term limits) by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both houses of Parliament
Government: Executive branch: expected date of next election
July 2027
Government: Executive branch: head of government
Prime Minister Narendra MODI (since 26 May 2014)
Government: Executive branch: most recent election date
18 July 2022
Government: Flag
description: three equal horizontal bands of saffron (top), white, and green, with a blue chakra (24-spoked wheel) centered in the white band meaning: saffron stands for courage, sacrifice, and the spirit of renunciation; white for purity and truth; green for faith and fertility; the chakra symbolizes the wheel of life in movement and death in stagnation
Government: International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt
Government: International organization participation
ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIMSTEC, BIS, BRICS, C, CD, CERN (observer), CICA, CP, EAS, FAO, FATF, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-5, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, PIF (partner), Quad, SAARC, SACEP, SCO (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Government: Judicial branch: highest court(s)
Supreme Court (consists of 28 judges, including the chief justice)
Government: Judicial branch: judge selection and term of office
justices appointed by the president to serve until age 65
Government: Judicial branch: subordinate courts
High Courts; District Courts; Labour Court
Government: Legal system
common law system based on the English model; separate personal law codes apply to Muslims, Christians, and Hindus; judicial review of legislative acts
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: chamber name
House of the People (Lok Sabha)
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: electoral system
plurality/majority
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: expected date of next election
April 2029
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: most recent election date
4/19/2024 to 6/1/2024
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: number of seats
545 (543 directly elected; 2 appointed)
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: parties elected and seats per party
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) (240); Indian National Congress (INC) (99); Samajwadi Party (SP) (37); All India Trinamool Congress (AITC) (29); Other (138)
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: percentage of women in chamber
13.8%
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: term in office
5 years
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: chamber name
Council of States (Rajya Sabha)
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: expected date of next election
January 2026
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: most recent election date
1/12/2024 to 6/30/2024
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: number of seats
245 (233 indirectly elected; 12 appointed)
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: percentage of women in chamber
16.7%
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: scope of elections
partial renewal
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: term in office
6 years
Government: Legislative branch: legislative structure
bicameral
Government: Legislative branch: legislature name
Parliament (Sansad)
Government: National anthem(s): history
adopted 1950; Rabindranath TAGORE, a Nobel laureate, also wrote Bangladesh's national anthem
Government: National anthem(s): lyrics/music
Rabindranath TAGORE
Government: National color(s)
saffron, white, green
Government: National heritage: selected World Heritage Site locales
Taj Mahal (c); Agra Fort (c); Elphanta Caves (c); Hill Forts of Rajasthan (c); Sundarbans National Park (n); Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (c); Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park (c); Jaipur (c); Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya (c); Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (n); Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks (n); Khangchendzonga National Park (m); Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram (c); Sun Temple, Konârak (c); Kaziranga National Park (n); Churches and Convents of Goa (c); Great Living Chola Temples (c); Group of Monuments at Pattadakal (c); Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (c); Humayun's Tomb, Delhi (c); Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi (c); Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area (n); Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen’s Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat (c); Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda, Bihar (c); Historic City of Ahmadabad (c); Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai (c); Jaipur City, Rajasthan (c); Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana (c); Moidams – the Mound-Burial System of the Ahom Dynasty (c); Maratha Military Landscapes of India (c)
Government: National heritage: total World Heritage Sites
44 (36 cultural, 7 natural, 1 mixed)
Government: National holiday
Republic Day, 26 January (1950)
Government: National symbol(s)
the Lion Capital of Ashoka, which depicts four Asiatic lions standing back-to-back and mounted on a circular abacus (official); Bengal tiger and lotus flower (traditional)
Government: Political parties
Aam Aadmi Party or AAP All India Trinamool Congress or AITC Bahujan Samaj Party or BSP Bharatiya Janata Party or BJP Biju Janata Dal or BJD Communist Party of India-Marxist or CPI(M) Dravida Munnetra Khazhagam Indian National Congress or INC Nationalist Congress Party or NCP Rashtriya Janata Dal or RJD Samajwadi Party or SP Shiromani Akali Dal or SAD Shiv Sena or SS Telegana Rashtra Samithi or TRS Telugu Desam Party or TDP YSR Congress or YSRCP or YCP
Government: Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Introduction: Background
The Indus Valley civilization, one of the world's oldest, flourished during the 3rd and 2nd millennia B.C. and extended into northwestern India. Aryan tribes from the northwest infiltrated the Indian subcontinent about 1500 B.C.; their merger with the earlier Dravidian inhabitants created the classical Indian culture. The Maurya Empire of the 4th and 3rd centuries B.C. -- which reached its zenith under ASHOKA -- united much of South Asia. The Gupta dynasty (4th to 6th centuries A.D.) ushered in The Golden Age, which saw a flowering of Indian science, art, and culture. Islam spread across the subcontinent over a period of 700 years. In the 10th and 11th centuries, Turks and Afghans invaded India and established the Delhi Sultanate. In the early 16th century, the Emperor BABUR established the Mughal Dynasty, which ruled large sections of India for more than three centuries. European explorers began establishing footholds in India during the 16th century. By the 19th century, Great Britain had become the dominant political power on the subcontinent, and India was seen as the "Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire. The British Indian Army played a vital role in both World Wars. Years of nonviolent resistance to British rule, led by Mohandas GANDHI and Jawaharlal NEHRU, eventually resulted in Indian independence in 1947. Large-scale communal violence took place before and after the subcontinent partition into two separate states -- India and Pakistan. The neighboring countries have fought three wars since independence, the last of which was in 1971 and resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh. India's nuclear weapons tests in 1998 emboldened Pakistan to conduct its own tests that same year. In 2008, terrorists originating from Pakistan conducted a series of coordinated attacks in Mumbai, India's financial capital. India's economic growth after economic reforms in 1991, a massive youth population, and a strategic geographic location have contributed to the country's emergence as a regional and global power. However, India still faces pressing problems such as extensive poverty, widespread corruption, and environmental degradation, and its restrictive business climate challenges economic growth expectations.
Military and Security: Military - note
the Indian military's primary mission is external/territorial defense while secondary missions include regional power projection, UN peacekeeping deployments, humanitarian operations, and support to internal security forces; it participates in multinational exercises and is one of the world's largest contributors to UN peacekeeping operations the military's chief external focuses are China and Pakistan; the short 1962 Sino-India War left in place one of the World’s longest disputed international borders--known as the Line of Actual Control (LAC)--resulting in occasional standoffs between Indian and Chinese security forces, including lethal clashes in 1975 and 2020; naval competition and influence in the Indian Ocean is also an area of interest India has fought four wars and several skirmishes with Pakistan; three of the wars have been over the disputed region of Jammu and Kashmir, the status of which has been unsettled since the UK's 1947 withdrawal and the partition and independence of India and Pakistan; a fragile cease-fire in Kashmir was reached in 2003, revised in 2018, and reaffirmed in 2021, although the militarized Line of Control which serves as the border remains contested, and India has accused Pakistan of backing armed separatists and terrorist organizations in Jammu and Kashmir where Indian military and security forces have conducted counterinsurgency operations since the 1980s; in the Spring of 2025, India held Pakistan responsible for a terrorist attack in India-controlled Kashmir and retaliated, sparking a brief cross-border conflict involving aircraft, artillery, drone, and missile strikes the Kashmir dispute also includes the Siachen Glacier, located in the Karakoram Mountain Range, which was seized by India in 1984 with Pakistan attempting to retake the area several times between 1985 and 1995; despite the 2003 cease-fire, both sides continue to maintain a permanent military presence there with outposts at altitudes above 20,000 feet (over 6,000 meters) where most casualties are due to extreme weather and the hazards of operating in the high mountain terrain of the world’s highest conflict, including avalanches, exposure, and altitude sickness (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security forces
Indian Armed Forces (IAF): Army, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard Ministry of Home Affairs: Central Police Organization, Central Armed Police Forces (includes Assam Rifles, Border Security Force, Central Industrial Security Force, Central Reserve Police Force, Indo-Tibetan Border Police, National Security Guards, Sashastra Seema Bal) (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security service personnel strengths
information varies; approximately 1.5 million active Indian Armed Forces, including about 1.25 million in the Army (2025)
Military and Security: Military deployments
1,100 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 200 Golan Heights (UNDOF); 900 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 2,400 South Sudan (UNMISS); 600 Sudan (UNISFA) (2025)
Military and Security: Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the military's inventory consists of Russian- and Soviet-origin equipment along with a smaller mix of Western and domestically produced arms; Russia continues to be the leading provider of arms to India, although in recent years India has increased acquisitions from other suppliers, including France, Israel, the UK, and the US; India's defense industry is capable of producing a range of air, land, missile, and naval weapons systems for both domestic use and export; it also produces weapons systems under license (2025)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2015
2.46% (2015 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2016
2.54% (2016 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2017
2.53% (2017 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2018
2.42% (2018 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2019
2.55% (2019 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2020
2.80% (2020 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2021
2.47% (2021 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2022
2.38% (2022 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2023
2.36% (2023 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2024
2.27% (2024 est.)
Military and Security: Military service age and obligation
ages vary by branch of service and positions, but generally 17-27 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; no conscription (2025)
People and Society: Age structure: 0-14 years
24.5% (male 181,115,052/female 163,647,028)
People and Society: Age structure: 15-64 years
68.7% (male 500,568,593/female 467,593,781)
People and Society: Age structure: 65 years and over
6.8% (2024 est.) (male 44,101,180/female 52,102,662)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: beer
0.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: spirits
2.85 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: total
3.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: wine
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Birth rate
15.91 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Child marriage: men married by age 18
2.6% (2021)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 15
4.8% (2021)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 18
23.3% (2021)
People and Society: Children under the age of 5 years underweight
31.5% (2020 est.)
People and Society: Current health expenditure
3.34% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Currently married women (ages 15-49)
72.3% (2020 est.)
People and Society: Death rate
8.7 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: elderly dependency ratio
10 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: potential support ratio
10 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio
45 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: youth dependency ratio
35 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: rural
rural: 91.9% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: total
total: 93.3% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: urban
urban: 95.8% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: rural
rural: 8.1% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: total
total: 6.7% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: urban
urban: 4.2% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP)
4.1% of GDP (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% national budget)
14.2% national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditures
4.10% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Ethnic groups
Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, and other 3% (2000)
People and Society: Gross reproduction rate
0.95 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
3.3% of GDP (2021)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
4.5% of national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
0.20% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Hospital bed density
1.6 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: female
30.8 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: male
30 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: total
23.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
People and Society: Languages: Languages
Hindi 43.6%, Bengali 8%, Marathi 6.9%, Telugu 6.7%, Tamil 5.7%, Gujarati 4.6%, Urdu 4.2%, Kannada 3.6%, Odia 3.1%, Malayalam 2.9%, Punjabi 2.7%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.1%, other 5.6%; English is the subsidiary official language but is the most important one for national, political, and commercial communication (2011 est.)
People and Society: Languages: major-language sample(s)
विश्व फ़ैक्टबुक, आधारभूत जानकारी का एक अनिवार्य स्रोत (Hindi) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: female
73.9 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: male
70.7 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: female
74.9% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: male
88.3% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: total population
78.16% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Major urban areas - population
32.941 million NEW DELHI (capital), 21.297 million Mumbai, 15.333 million Kolkata, 13.608 million Bangalore, 11.776 million Chennai, 10.801 million Hyderabad (2023)
People and Society: Maternal mortality ratio
80 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
People and Society: Median age: female
30.5 years
People and Society: Median age: male
29.1 years
People and Society: Mother's mean age at first birth
21.2 years (2019/21)
People and Society: Nationality: adjective
Indian
People and Society: Net migration rate
0.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Obesity - adult prevalence rate
3.9% (2016)
People and Society: Physician density
0.72 physicians/1,000 population (2020)
People and Society: Population
1,450,935,791 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population distribution
a very high population density exists throughout most of the country, with the notable exception of the deserts in the northwest and the mountain fringe in the north; the core of the population is in the north along the banks of the Ganges, with other river valleys and southern coastal areas also having large population concentrations
People and Society: Population growth rate
0.89% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population: female
688,414,359
People and Society: Population: male
730,902,574
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: rural
rural: 83% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: total
total: 88.9% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: urban
urban: 99.4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: rural
rural: 17% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: total
total: 11.1% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: urban
urban: 0.6% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): female
13 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): male
13 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total
13 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Sex ratio: 0-14 years
1.11 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 15-64 years
1.07 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 65 years and over
0.85 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: at birth
1.1 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: total population
1.06 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: female
8.9% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: male
34.1% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: total
21.8% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Total fertility rate
1.96 children born/woman (2024 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
2.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: urban population
35.38% (2024 est.)
Space: Key space-program milestones
1963 - first sounding (research) rocket launched 1975 - first domestically made scientific satellite (Aryabhata) launched by Soviet Union 1979 - first experimental remote sensing (RS) satellite (Bhaskara-I) launched by Soviet Union 1980 - first successful launch of satellite (Rohini) on Indian satellite launch vehicle (SLV) 1984 - first Indian in space on a Soviet rocket 1988 - first operational RS satellite (IRS-1A) launched by Soviet Union 1994 - first successful launch of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), India’s premier SLV 2008 - first lunar orbiter/probe (Chandrayaan-1) launched, reached lunar orbit, and sent a probe to the surface of the Moon 2014 - first interplanetary probe (Mangalyaan) reached orbit around Mars 2018 - Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (INRSS) became operational 2019 - launched lunar orbiter/probe (Chandrayaan-2) with lander and rover (lander lost when it crash-landed on Moon’s surface) 2023 - successfully landed uncrewed lander/rover mission (Chandrayaan-3) on Moon's surface 2024 - launched satellite (XPoSat) to study black holes and placed solar observatory spacecraft (Aditya-L1) in orbital position to study the Sun 2025 - first docking of two orbiting satellites and sent its first astronaut to the International Space Station
Space: Space agency/agencies
Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO; originally established in 1962 as the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR); renamed ISRO in 1969); Defense Space Agency (DSA; established 2019) (2025)
Space: Space launch site(s)
Satish Dhawan Space Center (aka Sriharikota Range; located in Andhra Pradesh); Vikram Sarabhai Space Center (Kerala) (2025)
Space: Space program overview
has one of the world’s largest space programs; designs, builds, launches, operates, and tracks the full spectrum of satellites, including communications, navigation, remote sensing (RS), and scientific/technology; designs, builds, and launches rockets, space/satellite launch vehicles (SLVs), and lunar/interplanetary probes; launches satellites for foreign partners; researching and developing additional technologies and capabilities; developing astronaut program and human flight capabilities (with assistance from Russia and the US); has space-related agreements with the ESA and more than 50 countries, including China, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, and the US; participates in international projects such as the Square Kilometer Array radio telescope; the Department of Space administers two government-controlled space industry corporations; has a growing private space sector (2025)
Terrorism: Terrorist group(s)
al-Qa’ida; al-Qa’ida in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS); Harakat ul-Mujahidin; Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami (HUJI); Hizbul Mujahideen; Indian Mujahedeen; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) – India (ISI); Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM); Lashkar-e Tayyiba (LeT); Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)/Qods Force; The Resistance Front (TRF)
Transnational Issues: Illicit drugs: USG identification
major illicit drug-producing and/or drug-transit country major precursor-chemical producer (2025)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: IDPs
642,610 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees
250,006 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: stateless persons
23,262 (2024 est.)
Transportation: Airports
315 (2025)
Transportation: Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
VT
Transportation: Heliports
289 (2025)
Transportation: Merchant marine: by type
bulk carrier 66, container ship 22, general cargo 607, oil tanker 144, other 1020
Transportation: Merchant marine: total
1,859 (2023)
Transportation: Ports: key ports
Calcutta, Chennai (Madras), Jawaharlal Nehru Port (Nhava Shiva), Kattupalli Port, Kochi (Cochin), Mumbai (Bombay), New Mangalore, Vishakhapatnam
Transportation: Ports: large
4
Transportation: Ports: medium
4
Transportation: Ports: ports with oil terminals
18
Transportation: Ports: size unknown
5
Transportation: Ports: small
13
Transportation: Ports: total ports
56 (2024)
Transportation: Ports: very small
30
Transportation: Railways: broad gauge
63,950 km (2014) (39, 329 km electrified)
Transportation: Railways: narrow gauge
1,604 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge
Transportation: Railways: total
65,554 km (2014)
Warning: Some information might be outdated or incorrect, please check statistics before using(most of the economical stats are correct, its mostly the Population stats that are incorrect). Some dates are listed but some are missed, if you have any issues please report it to the Github at github.com.