Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
40 (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total
2.97 million (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadcast media
34 commercial terrestrial TV networks, each with multiple stations; multi-channel satellite and cable TV systems available; 3 licensed broadcasters, one of which is government-funded, operate about 12 radio stations (2019)
Communications: Internet country code
.hk
Communications: Internet users: percent of population
95.76% (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
47 (2023 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions
3.487 million (2023 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
365 (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions
27.1 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Agricultural products
pork, chicken, spinach, vegetables, pork offal, game meat, beef, fruits, onions, pork fat (2023)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on alcohol and tobacco
0.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on food
11.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: expenditures
$105.849 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Budget: revenues
$70.124 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2013
$4.191 billion (2013 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2014
$4.057 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2015
$10.264 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2016
$12.688 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2017
$15.621 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2018
$13.514 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2019
$21.253 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2020
$24.126 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2021
$43.659 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2022
$36.525 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2023
$32.338 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2024
$52.475 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates
7.8038 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Currency
Hong Kong dollars (HKD) per US dollar -
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2013
7.7560 (2013 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2014
7.7541 (2014 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2015
7.7518 (2015 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2016
7.7622 (2016 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2017
7.7932 (2017 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2018
7.8385 (2018 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2019
7.8359 (2019 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2020
7.7572 (2020 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2021
7.7732 (2021 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2022
7.8314 (2022 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2023
7.8296 (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2024
7.8038 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exports - commodities
gold, integrated circuits, gas turbines, broadcasting equipment, jewelry (2023)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2011
$528.967 billion (2011 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2014
$621.073 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2015
$606.079 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2016
$600.025 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2017
$644.673 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2018
$681.283 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2019
$645.007 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2020
$608.150 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2021
$752.719 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2022
$697.583 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2023
$673.738 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2024
$739.915 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: exports of goods and services
181.7% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: government consumption
12.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption
67.4% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: imports of goods and services
-177.7% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in fixed capital
16.2% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in inventories
-0.5% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture
0% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: industry
6.3% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: services
91.4% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - per capita (PPP)
$75,196 (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (official exchange rate)
$407.107 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (purchasing power parity) - real
$565.782 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Imports - commodities
integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment, gold, machine parts, jewelry (2023)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2010
$456.015 billion (2010 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2015
$598.687 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2016
$592.700 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2017
$641.230 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2018
$682.056 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2019
$639.346 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2020
$601.495 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2021
$732.173 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2022
$682.881 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2023
$671.492 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2024
$723.397 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Industrial production growth rate
3.4% (2024 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015
2.99% (2015 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016
2.41% (2016 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017
1.49% (2017 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018
2.41% (2018 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019
2.88% (2019 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020
0.25% (2020 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021
1.57% (2021 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
1.88% (2022 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
2.10% (2023 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
1.73% (2024 est.)
Economy: Labor force
3.836 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2016
0.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014
$394.116 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015
$408.627 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016
$416.436 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017
$438.128 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019
$459.644 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020
$435.301 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021
$488.412 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$470.42 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$485.541 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$497.88 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2015
2.39% (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2016
2.18% (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2017
3.80% (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2018
2.85% (2018 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2019
-1.67% (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2020
-6.54% (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2021
6.45% (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2022
-3.68% (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2023
3.22% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024
2.50% (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2014
$54,515 (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2015
$56,043 (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2016
$56,761 (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2017
$59,261 (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2019
$61,221 (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2020
$58,187 (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2021
$65,885 (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2022
$68,602 (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2023
$71,512 (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2013
$360.2 million (2013 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2014
$372.4 million (2014 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2015
$386.8 million (2015 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2020
$426.6 million (2020 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2021
$453.1 million (2021 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2022
0.1% of GDP (2022 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2023
0.1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2024
0.1% of GDP (2024 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2015
$358.773 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2016
$386.293 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2017
$431.442 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2018
$424.620 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2019
$441.350 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020
$491.776 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021
$496.867 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$424.03 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$425.554 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2019
2.92% (2019 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2020
5.81% (2020 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2021
5.17% (2021 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2022
4.32% (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2023
2.95% (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024
2.99% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): female
6.3% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): male
10.5% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total
8.4% (2024 est.)
Energy: Coal: consumption
5.567 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: exports
16,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: imports
5.884 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: biomass and waste
0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels
99.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: solar
0.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: consumption
45.54 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: imports
11.593 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: installed generating capacity
13.3 million kW (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: transmission/distribution losses
3.684 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023
116.811 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: consumption
5.12 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: imports
5.12 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption
233,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: total petroleum production
96 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from coal and metallurgical coke
12.935 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from consumed natural gas
10.045 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from petroleum and other liquids
35.453 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions
58.433 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Climate
subtropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall
Environment: Environmental issues
air and water pollution from rapid urbanization; urban waste pollution; industrial pollution
Environment: Land use: agricultural land
3.8% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 1.9% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 1% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 1% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: forest
0% (2022 est.)
Environment: Land use: other
96.2% (2022 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
0.58% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: urban population
100.00% (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually
5.68 million tons (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: percent of municipal solid waste recycled
34% (2016 est.)
Geography: Area - comparative
six times the size of Washington, D.C.
Geography: Area: land
1,073 sq km
Geography: Area: water
35 sq km
Geography: Coastline
733 km
Geography: Elevation: highest point
Tai Mo Shan 958 m
Geography: Elevation: lowest point
South China Sea 0 m
Geography: Geographic coordinates
22 15 N, 114 10 E
Geography: Geography - note
consists of a mainland area (the New Territories) and over 200 islands
Geography: Irrigated land
10 sq km (2012)
Geography: Land boundaries: regional borders
China 33 km
Geography: Land boundaries: total
33 km
Geography: Land use: agricultural land
3.8% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 1.9% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 1% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 1% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: forest
0% (2022 est.)
Geography: Land use: other
96.2% (2022 est.)
Geography: Map references
Southeast Asia
Geography: Maritime claims: territorial sea
12 nm
Geography: Natural hazards
occasional typhoons
Geography: Population distribution
population fairly evenly distributed
Geography: Terrain
hilly to mountainous with steep slopes; lowlands in north
Government: Citizenship
see China
Government: Constitution: amendment process
proposed by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC), the People’s Republic of China State Council, or the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong; submittal of proposals to the NPC requires two-thirds majority vote by the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, approval by two thirds of Hong Kong’s deputies to the NPC, and approval by the Hong Kong chief executive; final passage requires approval by the NPC
Government: Constitution: history
several previous (governance documents while under British authority); latest drafted April 1988 to February 1989, approved March 1990, effective 1 July 1997 (Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China serves as the constitution)
Government: Country name: abbreviation
HK
Government: Country name: conventional short form
Hong Kong
Government: Country name: etymology
probably an imprecise phonetic rendering of the Cantonese name meaning "fragrant harbor"
Government: Country name: local long form
Heung Kong Takpit Hangching Ku (Eitel/Dyer-Ball)
Government: Country name: local short form
Heung Kong (Eitel/Dyer-Ball)
Government: Dependency status
special administrative region of the People's Republic of China
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission
Consul General Julie EADEH (since August 2025); note - also accredited to Macau
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: email address and website
acshk@state.gov https://hk.usconsulate.gov/
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy
26 Garden Road, Central, Hong Kong
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: FAX
[852] 2845-1598
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: mailing address
8000 Hong Kong Place, Washington DC 20521-8000
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: telephone
[852] 2523-9011
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission
none (Special Administrative Region of China)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: HKETO offices
New York, San Francisco, Washington DC
Government: Executive branch: cabinet
Executive Council or ExCo appointed by the chief executive
Government: Executive branch: chief of state
President of China XI Jinping (since 14 March 2013)
Government: Executive branch: election results
2022: John LEE was the only candidate and won with over 99% of the vote by the Election Committee 2017 : Carrie LAM elected; Election Committee vote - Carrie LAM (non-partisan) 777, John TSANG (non-partisan) 365, WOO Kwok-hing (non-partisan) 21, 23 ballots rejected (1,186 votes cast)
Government: Executive branch: election/appointment process
president indirectly elected by National People's Congress for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); chief executive indirectly elected by the Election Committee and appointed by the PRC Government for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term)
Government: Executive branch: expected date of next election
president: March 2028 chief executive: 2027
Government: Executive branch: head of government
Chief Executive John LEE Ka-chiu (since 1 July 2022)
Government: Executive branch: most recent election date
president: 10 March 2023 chief executive: 8 May 2022
Government: Flag
description: red with a stylized white Bauhinia flower with five petals in the center of the flag; each petal has a tiny five-pointed red star with a fine red line curving toward the center of the flower meaning: the red color is the same as the Chinese flag and represents the motherland, and the five stars also echo the Chinese flag; the Bauhinia flower was developed in Hong Kong the late 19th century and has come to symbolize the region
Government: International organization participation
ADB, APEC, BIS, FATF, ICC (national committees), IHO, IMF, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITUC (NGOs), UNWTO (associate), UPU, WCO, WMO, WTO
Government: Judicial branch: highest court(s)
Court of Final Appeal (consists of the chief justice, 3 permanent judges, and 20 non-permanent judges)
Government: Judicial branch: judge selection and term of office
all judges appointed by the Hong Kong Chief Executive on the recommendation of the Judicial Officers Recommendation Commission, an independent body consisting of the Secretary for Justice, other judges, and judicial and legal professionals; permanent judges serve until normal retirement at age 65, but term can be extended; non-permanent judges appointed for renewable 3-year terms without age limit
Government: Judicial branch: subordinate courts
High Court (consists of the Court of Appeal and Court of First Instance); District Courts (includes Family and Land Courts); magistrates' courts; specialized tribunals
Government: Legal system
mixed system of common law based on the English model and Chinese customary law (in matters of family and land tenure); China's imposition of National Security Law incorporates elements of Chinese civil law
Government: Legislative branch: electoral system
20 members directly elected; 70 members indirectly elected
Government: Legislative branch: expected date of next election
December 2029
Government: Legislative branch: legislative structure
unicameral
Government: Legislative branch: legislature name
Legislative Council or LegCo
Government: Legislative branch: most recent election date
7 December 2025
Government: Legislative branch: number of seats
90
Government: Legislative branch: parties elected and seats per party
Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) 20, Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Trade Unions (HKFTU) 8, Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong (BPA) 7, Liberal (LP) 4, New People's Party (NPP) 3, Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers (HKFEW) 2, Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions (HKFLU) 2, Professional Power (PP) 1, Roundtable (RT) 1, New Territories Association of Societies (NTAS) 1, Kowloon West New Dynamic (KWND) 1, Independents 40
Government: Legislative branch: scope of elections
full
Government: National anthem(s): history
official anthem, as a Special Administrative Region of China
Government: National anthem(s): lyrics/music
TIAN Han/NIE Er
Government: National color(s)
red, white
Government: National holiday
National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949)
Government: National symbol(s)
bauhinia flower
Government: Political parties
Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong or BPA Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong or DAB Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions or HKFLU Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers or HKFEW Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions or HKFTU Kowloon West New Dynamic or KWND Liberal Party or LP New People's Party or NPP New Prospect for Hong Kong or NPHK New Territories Association of Societies or NTAS Professional Power or PP Roundtable or RT
Government: Suffrage
18 years of age in direct elections for 20 of the 90 Legislative Council seats and all of the seats in 18 district councils; universal for permanent residents living in the territory of Hong Kong for the past 7 years
Introduction: Background
The UK seized Hong Kong in 1841, and China formally ceded it the following year at the end of the First Opium War. The Kowloon Peninsula was added in 1860 at the end of the Second Opium War, and the UK obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898. Pursuant to a UK-China agreement in 1984, Hong Kong became the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) of the People's Republic of China as of 1 July 1997. In this agreement, China promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic and strict political system would not be imposed on Hong Kong and that Hong Kong would enjoy a "high degree of autonomy" in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years. After the handover, Hong Kong continued to enjoy success as an international financial center. However, growing Chinese political influence and dissatisfaction with the Hong Kong Government in the 2010s became central issues and led to considerable civil unrest, including large-scale pro-democracy demonstrations in 2019 after the HKSAR attempted to revise a local ordinance to allow extraditions to mainland China. In response to the protests, the governments of the HKSAR and China reduced the city's autonomy and placed new restrictions on the rights of Hong Kong residents, moves that were widely criticized as contravening obligations under the Hong Kong Basic Law and the Sino-British Joint Declaration. Democratic lawmakers and political figures were arrested in a widespread crackdown, while others fled abroad. At the same time, dozens of civil society groups and several independent media outlets were closed or disbanded. In 2021, Beijing imposed a more restrictive electoral system, restructuring the Legislative Council (LegCo) and allowing only government-approved candidates to run for office. The changes ensured that virtually all seats in the 2021 LegCo election went to pro-establishment candidates and effectively ended political opposition to Beijing. In 2024, the LegCo passed a new national security law (Article 23 of the Basic Law) further expanding the Hong Kong Government's power to curb dissent.
Military and Security: Military and security forces
Hong Kong Police Force (specialized units include the Police Counterterrorism Response Unit, the Explosive Ordnance Disposal Bureau, the Special Duties Unit, the Airport Security Unit, and the VIP Protection Unit) China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) Hong Kong Garrison is responsible for defense duties; the garrison includes elements of the PLA Army, PLA Navy, and PLA Air Force and are under the direct leadership of the Central Military Commission in Beijing and under administrative control of the adjacent Southern Theater Command (2025)
People and Society: Age structure: 0-14 years
13.2% (male 505,718/female 459,956)
People and Society: Age structure: 15-64 years
64.8% (male 2,123,216/female 2,609,102)
People and Society: Age structure: 65 years and over
21.9% (2024 est.) (male 738,878/female 860,951)
People and Society: Birth rate
7.45 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Currently married women (ages 15-49)
49.8% (2021 est.)
People and Society: Death rate
8.16 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: elderly dependency ratio
35.8 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: potential support ratio
2.8 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio
56.7 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: youth dependency ratio
20.8 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: rural
rural: NA
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: rural
rural: NA
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP)
3.8% of GDP (2024 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% national budget)
15.7% national budget (2024 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditures
3.81% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Ethnic groups
Chinese 91.6%, Filipino 2.7%, Indonesian 1.9%, other 3.7% (2021 est.)
People and Society: Gross reproduction rate
0.6 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Hospital bed density
4.9 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: female
2.2 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: male
2.8 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: total
2.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
People and Society: Languages: Languages
Cantonese (official) 85.4%, English (official) 4.5%, Putonghua (official) 2.2%, other Chinese dialects 2.8%, other 2%, persons under 5 or mute 3.2% (2021 est.)
People and Society: Languages: major-language sample(s)
世界概况, 必須擁有的基本資料参考书 (Cantonese) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: female
88.2 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: male
82.7 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Major urban areas - population
7.685 million Hong Kong (2023)
People and Society: Median age: female
48.6 years
People and Society: Median age: male
45.3 years
People and Society: Mother's mean age at first birth
29.8 years (2008 est.)
People and Society: Nationality: adjective
Chinese/Hong Kong
People and Society: Net migration rate
1.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Physician density
2.04 physicians/1,000 population (2020)
People and Society: Population
7,524,100 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population distribution
population fairly evenly distributed
People and Society: Population growth rate
0.09% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Population: female
3,938,334
People and Society: Population: male
3,367,222
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: total
total: 96.5% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: urban
urban: 96.5% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: total
total: 3.5% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: urban
urban: 3.5% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): female
17 years (2023 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): male
17 years (2023 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total
17 years (2023 est.)
People and Society: Sex ratio: 0-14 years
1.1 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 15-64 years
0.81 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 65 years and over
0.86 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: at birth
1.06 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: total population
0.86 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
People and Society: Total fertility rate
1.24 children born/woman (2025 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
0.58% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: urban population
100.00% (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Illicit drugs: USG identification
major precursor-chemical producer (2025)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees
260 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Trafficking in persons: tier rating
Tier 2 Watch List — the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore Hong Kong remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/hong-kong/
Transportation: Airports
2 (2025)
Transportation: Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
B-H
Transportation: Heliports
142 (2025)
Transportation: Merchant marine: by type
bulk carrier 1,047, container ship 560, general cargo 144, oil tanker 394, other 392
Transportation: Merchant marine: total
2,537 (2023)
Transportation: Ports: key ports
Hong Kong
Transportation: Ports: large
1
Transportation: Ports: medium
0
Transportation: Ports: ports with oil terminals
1
Transportation: Ports: small
0
Transportation: Ports: total ports
1 (2024)
Transportation: Ports: very small
0
Warning: Some information might be outdated or incorrect, please check statistics before using(most of the economical stats are correct, its mostly the Population stats that are incorrect). Some dates are listed but some are missed, if you have any issues please report it to the Github at github.com.