Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
(2022 est.) less than 1
Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total
35,000 (2022 est.)
Communications: Broadcast media
398 legal broadcasting stations, including about 60 community radio stations; 105 TV stations, including 36 in Port-au-Prince, 41 others in the provinces, and more than 40 radio-television stations; large number of stations operate irregularly or flout regulations; VOA Creole Service broadcasts daily on 30 affiliate stations (2019)
Communications: Internet country code
.ht
Communications: Internet users: percent of population
47.86% (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
(2022 est.) less than 1
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions
1,360 (2022 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
65 (2022 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions
7.5 million (2022 est.)
Economy: Agricultural products
sugarcane, cassava, plantains, bananas, mangoes/guavas, avocados, maize, tropical fruits, rice, vegetables (2023)
Economy: Budget: expenditures
$1.527 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Budget: revenues
$1.179 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2013
-$560.8 million (2013 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2014
-$750.7 million (2014 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2015
-$270.8 million (2015 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2016
-$237.9 million (2016 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2017
-$324.9 million (2017 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2018
-$474.1 million (2018 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2019
-$168.6 million (2019 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2020
$51.5 million (2020 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2021
$87.656 million (2021 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2022
-$491.954 million (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2023
-$682.57 million (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2024
-$145.1 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2022
$2.965 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2023
$1.865 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates
131.811 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Currency
gourdes (HTG) per US dollar -
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2013
43.4628 (2013 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2014
45.2160 (2014 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2015
50.7064 (2015 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2016
63.3358 (2016 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2017
64.7697 (2017 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2018
68.0318 (2018 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2019
88.8150 (2019 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2020
93.5098 (2020 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2021
89.2266 (2021 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2022
115.631 (2022 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2023
141.036 (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2024
131.811 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exports - commodities
garments, essential oils, scrap iron, industrial acids/oils/alcohols, bedding (2023)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2011
$1.312 billion (2011 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2014
$1.662 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2015
$1.747 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2016
$1.632 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2017
$1.661 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2018
$1.768 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2019
$1.585 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2020
$1.110 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2021
$1.272 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2022
$1.355 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2023
$1.095 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2024
$857.8 million (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: exports of goods and services
3.4% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: government consumption
5.7% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption
99.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: imports of goods and services
-18.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in fixed capital
9.9% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in inventories
0% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture
15.9% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: industry
33.4% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: services
48.3% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - per capita (PPP)
$3,194 (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (official exchange rate)
$25.224 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (purchasing power parity) - real
$37.598 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, rice, garments, cotton fabric, plastic products (2023)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2010
$4.287 billion (2010 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2015
$4.481 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2016
$4.194 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2017
$4.690 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2018
$5.636 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2019
$5.107 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2020
$4.318 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2021
$5.048 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2022
$5.451 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2023
$5.303 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2024
$4.754 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Industrial production growth rate
-4.7% (2024 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015
6.73% (2015 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016
11.50% (2016 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017
10.68% (2017 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018
12.48% (2018 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019
18.70% (2019 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020
22.80% (2020 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021
16.84% (2021 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
33.98% (2022 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
36.81% (2023 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
26.95% (2024 est.)
Economy: Labor force
5.281 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Population below poverty line
58.50% (2012 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2016
33.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014
$31.905 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015
$31.842 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016
$34.719 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017
$36.125 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019
$35.947 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020
$34.892 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021
$35.773 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$35.059 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$34.406 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$32.971 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2015
1.40% (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2016
1.81% (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2017
2.51% (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2018
1.67% (2018 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2019
-1.72% (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2020
-3.31% (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2021
-1.80% (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2022
-1.68% (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2023
-1.86% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024
-4.17% (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2014
$3,076 (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2015
$3,026 (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2016
$3,253 (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2017
$3,339 (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2019
$3,237 (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2020
$3,103 (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2021
$3,145 (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2022
$3,275 (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2023
$3,292 (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2013
$1.781 billion (2013 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2014
$1.977 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2015
$2.196 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2020
$3.257 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2021
19.1% of GDP (2021 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2022
18.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2023
18.9% of GDP (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2024
$4.111 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2015
$1.902 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2016
$2.082 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2017
$2.316 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2018
$2.274 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2019
$2.355 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020
$2.590 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021
$2.457 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$2.173 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$2.586 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$2.718 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2019
14.10% (2019 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2020
15.57% (2020 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2021
15.30% (2021 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2022
14.54% (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2023
14.46% (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024
14.61% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): female
47.1% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): male
30% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total
37.5% (2024 est.)
Energy: Coal: imports
5.7 metric tons (2022 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - rural areas
1.2% (2019 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - total population
49.3% (2022 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - urban areas
83%
Energy: Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels
81.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: hydroelectricity
18.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: solar
0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: consumption
861 million kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: installed generating capacity
472,000 kW (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: transmission/distribution losses
152 million kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023
3.486 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: consumption
3.2 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: imports
3.2 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption
19,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from consumed natural gas
6,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from petroleum and other liquids
2.848 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions
2.854 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Climate
tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds
Environment: Environmental issues
deforestation (trees cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion; inadequate potable water and lack of sanitation; natural disasters
Environment: International environmental agreements: party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection
Environment: International environmental agreements: signed, but not ratified
Nuclear Test Ban
Environment: Land use: agricultural land
65.1% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 36.5% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 10.9% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 17.8% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: forest
13.4% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: other
21.5% (2023 est.)
Environment: Particulate matter emissions
9.8 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Environment: Total renewable water resources
14.022 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: agricultural
1.209 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: industrial
51 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: municipal
190 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
2.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: urban population
55.04% (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually
2.31 million tons (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: percent of municipal solid waste recycled
9.1% (2022 est.)
Geography: Area - comparative
slightly smaller than Maryland
Geography: Area: land
27,560 sq km
Geography: Area: water
190 sq km
Geography: Coastline
1,771 km
Geography: Elevation: highest point
Pic la Selle 2,674 m
Geography: Elevation: lowest point
Caribbean Sea 0 m
Geography: Elevation: mean elevation
470 m
Geography: Geographic coordinates
19 00 N, 72 25 W
Geography: Geography - note
shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic (western one-third is Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic); it is the most mountainous nation in the Caribbean
Geography: Irrigated land
800 sq km (2013)
Geography: Land boundaries: border countries
Dominican Republic 376 km
Geography: Land boundaries: total
376 km
Geography: Land use: agricultural land
65.1% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 36.5% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 10.9% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 17.8% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: forest
13.4% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: other
21.5% (2023 est.)
Geography: Map references
Central America and the Caribbean
Geography: Maritime claims: contiguous zone
24 nm
Geography: Maritime claims: continental shelf
to depth of exploitation
Geography: Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone
200 nm
Geography: Maritime claims: territorial sea
12 nm
Geography: Natural hazards
lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts
Geography: Population distribution
fairly even distribution; largest concentrations located near coastal areas
Geography: Terrain
mostly rough and mountainous
Government: Administrative divisions
10 departments ( départements , singular - département ); Artibonite, Centre, Grand'Anse, Nippes, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Est
Government: Capital: daylight saving time
+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November
Government: Capital: etymology
the name means "the port of the prince" and probably came from a ship called The Prince that anchored in the bay in the early 18th century
Government: Capital: geographic coordinates
18 32 N, 72 20 W
Government: Capital: time difference
UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by birth
no
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a native-born citizen of Haiti
Government: Citizenship: dual citizenship recognized
yes
Government: Citizenship: residency requirement for naturalization
5 years
Government: Constitution: amendment process
proposed by the executive branch or by either the Senate or the Chamber of Deputies; consideration of proposed amendments requires support by at least two-thirds majority of both houses; passage requires at least two-thirds majority of the membership present and at least two-thirds majority of the votes cast; approved amendments enter into force after installation of the next president of the republic; constitutional articles on the democratic and republican form of government cannot be amended
Government: Constitution: history
many previous; latest adopted 10 March 1987, with substantial revisions in June 2012
Government: Country name: conventional short form
Haiti
Government: Country name: etymology
derived from the Arawak name Ayti, meaning "Land of Mountains," that was originally applied to the entire island of Hispaniola
Government: Country name: local long form
République d'Haïti (French)/Repiblik d Ayiti (Haitian Creole)
Government: Country name: local short form
Haïti (French)/ Ayiti (Haitian Creole)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission
Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Henry T. WOOSTER (since 12 June 2025)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: email address and website
acspap@state.gov https://ht.usembassy.gov/
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy
Tabarre 41, Route de Tabarre, Port-au-Prince
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: FAX
[011] (509) 2229-8027
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: mailing address
3400 Port-au-Prince Place, Washington, DC 20521-3400
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: telephone
[011] (509) 2229-8000
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery
2311 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Lionel DELATOUR (since 11 June 2025)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s) general
Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Miami, Orlando (FL), New York
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: email address and website
amb.washington@diplomatie.ht https://www.haiti.org/
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX
[1] (202) 745-7215
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: telephone
[1] (202) 332-4090
Government: Executive branch: cabinet
Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president; parliament must ratify the Cabinet and prime minister's governing policy
Government: Executive branch: chief of state
President (vacant)
Government: Executive branch: election results
2016: Jovenel MOÏSE elected president in first round; percent of vote - Jovenel MOÏSE (PHTK) 55.6%, Jude CELESTIN (LAPEH) 19.6%, Jean-Charles MOÏSE (PPD) 11%, Maryse NARCISSE (FL) 9%; other 4.8% 2011: Michel MARTELLY elected president in second round; percent of vote in second round - Michel MARTELLY (Peasant's Response) 68%, Mirlande MANIGAT (RDNP) 32%
Government: Executive branch: election/appointment process
president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a single non-consecutive term)
Government: Executive branch: expected date of next election
30 August 2026
Government: Executive branch: head of government
Prime Minister Alix Didier FILS-AIMÉ (since 10 November 2024)
Government: Executive branch: most recent election date
20 November 2016
Government: Flag
description: two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red; a centered white rectangle bears the coat of arms, which has a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll with the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength) meaning: the colors are taken from the French flag and represent the union of ethnic groups
Government: International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; non-party state to the ICCt
Government: International organization participation
ACP, ACS, AOSIS, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Government: Judicial branch: highest court(s)
Supreme Court or Cour de cassation (consists of 12 judges)
Government: Judicial branch: judge selection and term of office
judges appointed by the president from candidate lists submitted by the Senate of the National Assembly
Government: Judicial branch: subordinate courts
Courts of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; magistrate's courts; land, labor, and children's courts
Government: Legal system
civil law system strongly influenced by Napoleonic Code
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: chamber name
Chamber of Deputies (Chambre des Députés)
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: electoral system
plurality/majority
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: expected date of next election
August 2026
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: most recent election date
8/9/2015 to 10/25/2015
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: number of seats
119 (all directly elected)
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: parties elected and seats per party
Haitian Tet Kale Party (PHTK) (9); Konvansyon Inite Demokratik (KID) (7); Ayiti an aksyon (AAA) (6); Fanmi Lavalas (6); Patriotic Unity Party (Inite Patriyotik) (4); People's Struggle Party (OPL) (7); Other (24)
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: percentage of women in chamber
0%
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: term in office
4 years
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: chamber name
Senate (Sénat)
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: electoral system
plurality/majority
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: expected date of next election
August 2026
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: most recent election date
11/20/2016 to 1/29/2017
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: number of seats
30 (all directly elected)
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: parties elected and seats per party
Haitian Tet Kale Party (PHTK) (9); Truth (Vérité) (3); Konvansyon Inite Demokratik (KID) (2); Bouclier (2); Ayiti an aksyon (AAA) (2); Other (10)
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: scope of elections
partial renewal
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: term in office
6 years
Government: Legislative branch: legislative structure
bicameral
Government: Legislative branch: legislature name
National Assembly (Assemblée nationale)
Government: National anthem(s): history
adopted 1904; named for Jean-Jacques DESSALINES, founder of Haiti
Government: National anthem(s): lyrics/music
Justin LHERISSON/Nicolas GEFFRARD
Government: National color(s)
blue, red
Government: National heritage: selected World Heritage Site locales
National History Park – Citadel, Sans Souci, Ramiers
Government: National heritage: total World Heritage Sites
1 (cultural)
Government: National holiday
Independence Day, 1 January (1804)
Government: National symbol(s)
Hispaniolan trogon (bird), hibiscus flower
Government: Political parties
Alternative League for Haitian Progress and Emancipation (Ligue Alternative pour le Progrès et l’Emancipation Haïtienne) or LAPEH Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MCNH or Mochrenha Christian National Movement for the Reconstruction of Haiti or UNCRH Combat of Peasant Workers to Liberate Haiti (Konbit Travaye Peyizan Pou Libere Ayiti) or Kontra Pep La Convention for Democratic Unity or KID Cooperative Action to Rebuild Haiti or KONBA December 16 Platform or Platfom 16 Desanm Democratic Alliance Party or ALYANS (coalition includes KID and PPRH) Democratic Centers' National Council or CONACED Democratic and Popular Sector (Secteur Démocratique et Populaire) or SDP Democratic Unity Convention (Konvansyon Inite Demokratik) or KID Dessalinian Patriotic and Popular Movement or MOPOD Effort and Solidarity to Create an Alternative for the People or ESKAMP Fanmi Lavalas or FL Forward (En Avant) Fusion of Haitian Social Democrats (Fusion Des Sociaux-Démocrates Haïtiens) or FHSD G18 Policy Platform (Plateforme Politique G18) Haiti in Action (Ayiti An Aksyon Haiti's Action) or AAA Haitian Tet Kale Party (Parti Haitien Tet Kale) or PHTK Independent Movement for National Reconciliation or MIRN Lavni Organization or LAVNI Lod Demokratik Love Haiti (Renmen Ayiti) or RA MTV Ayiti National Consortium of Haitian Political Parties (Consortium National des Partis Politiques Haitiens) or CNPPH National Shield Network (Reseau Bouclier National) Organization of the People's Struggle (Oganizasyon Pep Kap Lite) or OPL Patriotic Unity (Inite Patriyotik) or Inite Platform Pitit Desalin (Politik Pitit Dessalines) or PPD Political Party for Us All or Bridge (Pont) or Pou Nou Tout Popular Patriotic Dessalinien Movement (Mouvement Patriotique Populaire Dessalinien) or MOPOD Rally of Progressive National Democrats (Rassemblement des Démocrates Nationaux Progressistes) or RDNP Respe (Respect) Women and Families Political Parties (Defile Pati Politik Fanm Ak Fanmi)
Government: Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Introduction: Background
The native Taino -- who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when Christopher COLUMBUS first landed in 1492 -- were virtually wiped out by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the French established a presence on Hispaniola. In 1697, Spain ceded to the French the western third of the island, which later became Haiti. The French colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean but relied heavily on the forced labor of enslaved Africans and environmentally degrading practices. In the late 18th century, Toussaint L'OUVERTURE led a revolution of Haiti's nearly half a million slaves that ended France's rule on the island. After a prolonged struggle, and under the leadership of Jean-Jacques DESSALINES, Haiti became the first country in the world led by former slaves after declaring its independence in 1804, but it was forced to pay an indemnity of 100 million francs (equivalent to $22 billion USD in March 2023) to France for more than a century and was shunned by other countries for nearly 40 years. In 1862, the US officially recognized Haiti, but foreign economic influence and internal political instability induced the US to occupy Haiti from 1915 to 1934. Francois "Papa Doc" DUVALIER and then his son Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" DUVALIER led repressive and corrupt regimes that ruled Haiti in 1957-1971 and 1971-1986, respectively. Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE was Haiti's first democratically elected president in 1991 and was elected a second time in 2000, but coups interrupted his first term after only a few months and ended his second term in 2004. President Jovenel MOÏSE was assassinated in 2021, leading the country further into an extra-constitutional governance structure and contributing to the country’s growing fragility. The Government of Haiti then installed Ariel HENRY -- whom President MOÏSE had nominated shortly before his death -- as prime minister. On 29 February 2024, a significant escalation of gang violence occurred on the 20th anniversary of ARISTIDE's second overthrow, after the announcement that HENRY would not hold elections until August 2025. HENRY’s return from an overseas trip was diverted to Puerto Rico when the airport closed due to gang violence. With control of much of the capital, Port-au-Prince, gang leaders called for the ouster of HENRY’S government. By mid-March, Haiti’s continued violence, HENRY’S inability to return to the country, and increasing pressure from the international community led HENRY to pledge to resign. On 25 April 2024, HENRY formally submitted his resignation as a nine-member Transitional Presidential Council assumed control, tasked with returning stability to the country and preparing elections. Since January 2023, Haiti has had no sitting elected officials. The country has long been plagued by natural disasters. In 2010, a major 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck Haiti with an epicenter about 25 km (15 mi) west of the capital, Port-au-Prince. An estimated 300,000 people were killed, and some 1.5 million left homeless. The earthquake was assessed as the worst in this region in 200 years. A 7.2 magnitude earthquake hit Haiti’s southern peninsula in 2021, causing well over 2,000 deaths; an estimated 500,000 required emergency humanitarian aid. Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, as well as one of the most unequal in wealth distribution.
Military and Security: Military - note
Haiti's military was disbanded in 1995 after it participated in multiple coups and was accused of other political interference and human rights violations; the military was reinstated by former President MOISE in 2017 after the UN ended its peacekeeping operation in Haiti; the reconstituted military established an Army command in 2018 and has received some training assistance from Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, France, and Mexico; the military’s stated mission is to assist with natural disaster relief, border security, and combating transnational crime; in 2023, Prime Minister HENRY called upon the military to assist the National Police (PNH) in combating armed gangs, which have overwhelmed the PNH, killed hundreds of Haitians, and seized control of swaths of territory, including much of the capital Port-au-Prince, since the assassination of President MOISE in 2021 in 2023, the UN Security Council approved the deployment of a Kenya-led multinational security support mission (MSS) to help bring gang violence under control; the first contingent of MSS personnel from the Kenya National Police Service arrived in mid-2024; other countries pledging forces included the Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Benin, Chad, and Jamaica; the mission is slated to have a total of 2,500 personnel (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security forces
the Haitian Armed Forces (FAdH): Army Ministry of Justice and Public Security: Haitian National Police (Police Nationale d'Haïti or PNH) (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security service personnel strengths
estimates vary; up to 2,000 trained military personnel (the force is planned to eventually have around 5,000 personnel); estimates for the National Police range from a low of 9,000 to a high of about 13,000 (2025)
Military and Security: Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
in recent years, Canada, Taiwan, UAE, and the US have provided some equipment to the Haitian security forces, including vehicles (2025)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2015
0.04% (2015 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2016
0.05% (2016 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2017
0.04% (2017 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2018
0.06% (2018 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2019
0.09% (2019 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2020
0.10% (2020 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2021
0.15% (2021 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2022
0.07% (2022 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2023
0.05% (2023 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2024
0.07% (2024 est.)
Military and Security: Military service age and obligation
men and women 18-25 may volunteer for the FAdH (2023)
People and Society: Age structure: 0-14 years
30.5% (male 1,790,061/female 1,794,210)
People and Society: Age structure: 15-64 years
65.3% (male 3,787,782/female 3,887,791)
People and Society: Age structure: 65 years and over
4.2% (2024 est.) (male 214,600/female 279,499)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: beer
0.55 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: spirits
2.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: total
2.85 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: wine
0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Birth rate
20.76 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Child marriage: men married by age 18
1.6% (2017)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 15
2.1% (2017)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 18
14.9% (2017)
People and Society: Children under the age of 5 years underweight
10.7% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Current health expenditure
3.19% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Currently married women (ages 15-49)
53.6% (2017 est.)
People and Society: Death rate
7 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: elderly dependency ratio
6.5 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: potential support ratio
15.4 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio
52.3 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: youth dependency ratio
45.8 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: rural
rural: 42.8% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: total
total: 67.4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: urban
urban: 84.6% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: rural
rural: 57.2% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: total
total: 32.6% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: urban
urban: 15.4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP)
1% of GDP (2023 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% national budget)
13.2% national budget (2025 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditures
0.96% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Ethnic groups
Black 95%, mixed and White 5%
People and Society: Gross reproduction rate
1.19 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
3.5% of GDP (2021)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
4.1% of national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
1.60% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Hospital bed density
4.9 beds/1,000 population (2023 est.)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: female
33.5 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: male
40.2 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: total
39.0 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
People and Society: Languages: Languages
French (official), Creole (official)
People and Society: Languages: major-language sample(s)
The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French) The World Factbook, sous endispansab pou enfomasyon debaz. (Haitian Creole) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: female
68.5 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: male
61.9 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: female
63.9% (2017 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: male
72.9% (2017 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: total population
68.01% (2017 est.)
People and Society: Major urban areas - population
2.987 million PORT-AU-PRINCE (capital) (2023)
People and Society: Maternal mortality ratio
328 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
People and Society: Median age: female
25.3 years
People and Society: Median age: male
24.7 years
People and Society: Mother's mean age at first birth
22.4 years (2016/7 est.)
People and Society: Nationality: adjective
Haitian
People and Society: Net migration rate
-1.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Obesity - adult prevalence rate
22.7% (2016)
People and Society: Physician density
0.29 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
People and Society: Population
11,772,557 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population distribution
fairly even distribution; largest concentrations located near coastal areas
People and Society: Population growth rate
1.15% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population: female
6,035,374
People and Society: Population: male
5,863,438
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: rural
rural: 42.6% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: total
total: 66.3% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: urban
urban: 82.9% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: rural
rural: 57.4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: total
total: 33.7% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: urban
urban: 17.1% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sex ratio: 0-14 years
1 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 15-64 years
0.97 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 65 years and over
0.77 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: at birth
1.01 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: total population
0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: female
2.1% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: male
12.4% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: total
7.1% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Total fertility rate
2.62 children born/woman (2024 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
2.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: urban population
55.04% (2024 est.)
Terrorism: Terrorist group(s)
Gran Grif; Viv Ansanm
Transnational Issues: Illicit drugs: USG identification
major illicit drug-producing and/or drug-transit country (2025)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: IDPs
1,041,229 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees
5 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Trafficking in persons: tier rating
Special Case; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/haiti/
Transportation: Airports
17 (2025)
Transportation: Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
HH
Transportation: Heliports
2 (2025)
Transportation: Merchant marine: by type
general cargo 3, other 1
Transportation: Merchant marine: total
4 (2023)
Transportation: Ports: key ports
Cap Haitien, Jacmel, Miragoane, Petit Goave, Port au Prince
Transportation: Ports: large
0
Transportation: Ports: medium
1
Transportation: Ports: ports with oil terminals
1
Transportation: Ports: small
0
Transportation: Ports: total ports
5 (2024)
Transportation: Ports: very small
4
Warning: Some information might be outdated or incorrect, please check statistics before using(most of the economical stats are correct, its mostly the Population stats that are incorrect). Some dates are listed but some are missed, if you have any issues please report it to the Github at github.com.