Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
44 (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total
4.48 million (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadcast media
broadcast media dominated by the private sector; roughly 150 private TV channels, about 10 of which broadcast nationwide; 1 state-owned terrestrial TV channel with national coverage; 3 privately owned satellite channels; multi-channel satellite and cable TV services available; over 1,500 radio stations, all privately owned; state-owned broadcaster has 2 national radio stations
Communications: Internet country code
.gr
Communications: Internet users: percent of population
86.27% (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
47 (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions
4.69 million (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
114 (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions
11.4 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Agricultural products
maize, wheat, sheep milk, oranges, tomatoes, milk, peaches/nectarines, grapes, watermelons, barley (2023)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on alcohol and tobacco
4.4% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on food
16.4% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: expenditures
$114.497 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: revenues
$111.938 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2013
-$5.039 billion (2013 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2014
-$3.363 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2015
-$2.925 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2016
-$4.448 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2017
-$4.776 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2018
-$7.587 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2019
-$4.391 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2020
-$13.629 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2021
-$15.614 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2022
-$22.623 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2023
-$15.008 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2024
-$16.399 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates
0.923890 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Currency
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2013
0.752945 (2013 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2014
0.752728 (2014 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2015
0.901296 (2015 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2016
0.903421 (2016 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2017
0.885206 (2017 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2018
0.846773 (2018 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2019
0.893276 (2019 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2020
0.875506 (2020 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2021
0.845494 (2021 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2022
0.949624 (2022 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2023
0.924840 (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2024
0.923890 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exports - commodities
refined petroleum, packaged medicine, aluminum, olive oil, tobacco (2023)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2011
$71.678 billion (2011 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2014
$76.056 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2015
$62.624 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2016
$60.206 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2017
$69.691 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2018
$82.399 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2019
$82.011 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2020
$60.184 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2021
$87.890 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2022
$106.189 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2023
$107.218 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2024
$108.424 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: exports of goods and services
43.7% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: government consumption
19.3% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption
66.9% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: imports of goods and services
-48.4% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in fixed capital
15.2% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in inventories
1.5% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture
3.3% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: industry
15.4% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: services
68% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - per capita (PPP)
$44,327 (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (official exchange rate)
$257.145 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (purchasing power parity) - real
$461.231 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015
36.0 (2015 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016
35.0 (2016 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017
34.4 (2017 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018
32.9 (2018 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019
33.1 (2019 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020
33.6 (2020 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021
32.9 (2021 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022
33.4 (2022 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2023
33.4 (2023 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%
25.7% (2022 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%
2.7% (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports - commodities
crude petroleum, refined petroleum, natural gas, cars, packaged medicine (2023)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2010
$86.535 billion (2010 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2015
$64.373 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2016
$62.714 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2017
$72.344 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2018
$86.615 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2019
$85.057 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2020
$74.332 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2021
$104.245 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2022
$127.82 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2023
$119.234 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2024
$122.408 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Industrial production growth rate
6.1% (2024 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015
-1.74% (2015 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016
-0.83% (2016 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017
1.12% (2017 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018
0.63% (2018 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019
0.25% (2019 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020
-1.25% (2020 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021
1.22% (2021 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
9.65% (2022 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
3.46% (2023 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
2.74% (2024 est.)
Economy: Labor force
4.655 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Population below poverty line
18.80% (2021 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2023
190.6% of GDP (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014
$288.106 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015
$287.919 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016
$296.388 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017
$308.462 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019
$342.312 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020
$315.963 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021
$354.398 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$374.753 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$383.493 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$392.205 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2015
-0.23% (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2016
-0.03% (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2017
1.47% (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2018
2.06% (2018 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2019
2.28% (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2020
-9.20% (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2021
8.65% (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2022
5.52% (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2023
2.14% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024
2.09% (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2014
$26,450 (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2015
$26,608 (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2016
$27,505 (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2017
$28,682 (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2019
$31,927 (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2020
$29,533 (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2021
$33,531 (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2022
$39,612 (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2023
$42,711 (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2013
$804.7 million (2013 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2014
$734.9 million (2014 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2015
$509.3 million (2015 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2020
$611.4 million (2020 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2021
$688.9 million (2021 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2022
0.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2023
0.2% of GDP (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2024
0.2% of GDP (2024 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2015
$6.028 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2016
$6.851 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2017
$7.804 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2018
$7.579 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2019
$8.507 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020
$11.931 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021
$14.447 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$12.061 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$13.608 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$15.222 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Taxes and other revenues
26.6% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2019
17.05% (2019 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2020
15.90% (2020 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2021
14.66% (2021 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2022
12.43% (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2023
11.02% (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024
10.02% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): female
26.6% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): male
23.2% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total
24.7% (2024 est.)
Energy: Coal: consumption
10.091 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: exports
5 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: imports
49,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: production
10.469 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: proven reserves
2.876 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: biomass and waste
0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels
48.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: hydroelectricity
9.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: solar
17.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: wind
23.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: consumption
46.929 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: exports
3.24 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: imports
8.152 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: installed generating capacity
24.169 million kW (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: transmission/distribution losses
5.346 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023
92.693 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: consumption
3.344 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: exports
8.362 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: imports
11.619 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: production
1.323 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: proven reserves
991.09 million cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: crude oil estimated reserves
10 million barrels (2021 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption
308,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: total petroleum production
5,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from coal and metallurgical coke
10.794 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from consumed natural gas
6.617 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from petroleum and other liquids
44.649 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions
62.06 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Climate
temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers
Environment: Environmental issues
air pollution; air emissions from transport and electricity power stations; water pollution; degradation of coastal zones; loss of biodiversity; municipal and industrial waste disposal
Environment: Geoparks: global geoparks and regional networks
Chelmos Vouraikos; Grevena - Kozani; Kefalonia-Ithaca; Lavreotiki; Lesvos Island; Meteora Pyli; Psiloritis; Sitia; Vikos - Aoos (2024)
Environment: Geoparks: total global geoparks and regional networks
9 (2024)
Environment: International environmental agreements: party to
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands
Environment: International environmental agreements: signed, but not ratified
Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds
Environment: Land use: agricultural land
41.7% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 14.4% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 8% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 19.2% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: forest
36.9% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: other
21.3% (2023 est.)
Environment: Particulate matter emissions
14.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Environment: Total renewable water resources
68 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: agricultural
8.107 billion cubic meters (2022)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: industrial
279.8 million cubic meters (2022)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: municipal
1.687 billion cubic meters (2022)
Environment: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: urban population
79.00% (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually
5.615 million tons (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: percent of municipal solid waste recycled
22.4% (2022 est.)
Geography: Area - comparative
slightly smaller than Alabama
Geography: Area: land
130,647 sq km
Geography: Area: water
1,310 sq km
Geography: Coastline
13,676 km
Geography: Elevation: highest point
Mount Olympus 2,917
Geography: Elevation: lowest point
Mediterranean Sea 0 m
Geography: Elevation: mean elevation
498 m
Geography: Geographic coordinates
39 00 N, 22 00 E
Geography: Geography - note
strategic location dominating the Aegean Sea and southern approach to Turkish Straits; a peninsular country, with an archipelago of about 2,000 islands
Geography: Irrigated land
12,191 sq km (2021)
Geography: Land boundaries: border countries
Albania 212 km; Bulgaria 472 km; North Macedonia 234 km; Turkey 192 km
Geography: Land boundaries: total
1,110 km
Geography: Land use: agricultural land
41.7% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 14.4% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 8% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 19.2% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: forest
36.9% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: other
21.3% (2023 est.)
Geography: Map references
Europe
Geography: Maritime claims: continental shelf
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Geography: Maritime claims: territorial sea
6 nm
Geography: Natural hazards
severe earthquakes volcanism: Santorini (367 m) has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Methana and Nisyros in the Aegean are also classified as historically active
Geography: Population distribution
one third of the population lives in and around metropolitan Athens; the remainder of the country has moderate population density mixed with sizeable urban clusters
Geography: Terrain
mountainous with ranges extending into the sea as peninsulas or chains of islands
Government: Administrative divisions
13 regions ( perifereies , singular - perifereia ) and 1 autonomous monastic state* ( aftonomi monastiki politeia ); Agion Oros* (Mount Athos), Anatoliki Makedonia kai Thraki (East Macedonia and Thrace), Attiki (Attica), Dytiki Ellada (West Greece), Dytiki Makedonia (West Macedonia), Ionia Nisia (Ionian Islands), Ipeiros (Epirus), Kentriki Makedonia (Central Macedonia), Kriti (Crete), Notio Aigaio (South Aegean), Peloponnisos (Peloponnese), Sterea Ellada (Central Greece), Thessalia (Thessaly), Voreio Aigaio (North Aegean)
Government: Capital: daylight saving time
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Government: Capital: etymology
the origin of the name is uncertain; according to tradition, the city is named after Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom, but the name is probably pre-Hellenic
Government: Capital: geographic coordinates
37 59 N, 23 44 E
Government: Capital: time difference
UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by birth
no
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of Greece
Government: Citizenship: dual citizenship recognized
yes
Government: Citizenship: residency requirement for naturalization
10 years
Government: Constitution: amendment process
proposed by at least 50 members of Parliament and agreed by three-fifths majority vote in two separate ballots at least 30 days apart; passage requires absolute majority vote by the next elected Parliament; entry into force finalized through a "special parliamentary resolution"; articles on human rights and freedoms and the form of government cannot be amended
Government: Constitution: history
many previous; latest entered into force 11 June 1975
Government: Country name: conventional short form
Greece
Government: Country name: etymology
the English name derives from the Roman (Latin) designation Graecia , meaning "Land of the Greeks"; the Greeks call their country Ellas or Ellada, which is probably derived from Hellas, the name of the mythical son of Deucalian
Government: Country name: former
Hellenic State, Kingdom of Greece
Government: Country name: local long form
Elliniki Dimokratia
Government: Country name: local short form
Ellas or Ellada
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Kimberly Ann GUILFOYLE (since 4 November 2025)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: consulate(s) general
Thessaloniki
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: email address and website
athensamericancitizenservices@state.gov https://gr.usembassy.gov/
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy
91 Vasillisis Sophias Avenue, 10160 Athens
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: FAX
[30] (210) 724-5313
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: mailing address
7100 Athens Place, Washington DC 20521-7100
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: telephone
[30] (210) 721-2951
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery
2217 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Ekaterini NASSIKA (since 27 February 2024)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s)
Atlanta, Houston
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s) general
Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Tampa (FL), San Francisco
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: email address and website
gremb.was@mfa.gr https://www.mfa.gr/usa/en/the-embassy/
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX
[1] (202) 939-1324
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: telephone
[1] (202) 939-1300
Government: Executive branch: cabinet
Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
Government: Executive branch: chief of state
President Konstantinos TASOULAS (since 13 March 2025)
Government: Executive branch: election results
2025: Konstantinos TASOULAS (ND) elected president by Parliament - 160 of 300 votes 2020: Katerina SAKELLAROPOULOU (independent) elected president by Parliament - 261 of 300 votes
Government: Executive branch: election/appointment process
president elected by Hellenic Parliament for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); president appoints as prime minister the leader of the majority party or coalition in the Hellenic Parliament
Government: Executive branch: expected date of next election
2030
Government: Executive branch: head of government
Prime Minister Kyriakos MITSOTAKIS (since 26 June 2023)
Government: Executive branch: most recent election date
12 February 2025
Government: Flag
description: nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white; a blue square with a white cross is in the upper-left corner meaning: the cross symbolizes Greek Orthodoxy, the established religion; there is no set meaning for the stripes and colors
Government: International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Government: International organization participation
Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Government: Judicial branch: highest court(s)
Supreme Civil and Criminal Court or Areios Pagos (consists of 56 judges, including the court presidents); Council of State (supreme administrative court) consists of the president, 7 vice presidents, 42 privy councilors, 48 associate councilors and 50 reporting judges, organized into six 5- and 7-member chambers; Court of Audit (government audit and enforcement) consists of the president, 5 vice presidents, 20 councilors, and 90 associate and reporting judges
Government: Judicial branch: judge selection and term of office
Supreme Court judges appointed by presidential decree on the advice of the Supreme Judicial Council (SJC), which includes the president of the Supreme Court, other judges, and the prosecutor of the Supreme Court; judges appointed for life after a 2-year probationary period; Council of State president appointed by the Greek Cabinet to serve a 4-year term; other judge appointments and tenure NA; Court of Audit president appointed by decree of the president of the republic on the advice of the SJC; court president serves a 4-year term or until age 67; tenure of vice presidents, councilors, and judges NA
Government: Judicial branch: subordinate courts
Courts of Appeal and Courts of First Instance (district courts)
Government: Legal system
civil legal system based on Roman law
Government: Legislative branch: electoral system
proportional representation
Government: Legislative branch: expected date of next election
June 2027
Government: Legislative branch: legislative structure
unicameral
Government: Legislative branch: legislature name
Hellenic Parliament (Vouli Ton Ellinon)
Government: Legislative branch: most recent election date
6/25/2023
Government: Legislative branch: number of seats
300 (all directly elected)
Government: Legislative branch: parties elected and seats per party
New Democracy (ND) (158); Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA) (47); Panhellenic Socialist Movement - Movement for Change (PASOK-KINAL) (32); Communist Party (KKE) (21); Other (42)
Government: Legislative branch: percentage of women in chamber
22.9%
Government: Legislative branch: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch: term in office
4 years
Government: National anthem(s): history
adopted 1864; the anthem is based on a 158-stanza poem by the same name, which was inspired by the Greek Revolution of 1821 against the Ottomans (only the first two stanzas are used); Cyprus also uses "Hymn to Freedom" as its anthem
Government: National anthem(s): lyrics/music
Dionysios SOLOMOS/Nikolaos MANTZAROS
Government: National coat of arms
the coat of arms was designed by Greek artist Kostas Grammatopoulos and has been in use since 1975; depicted in the national colors of blue and white; the white cross represents the country’s primary religion, Greek Orthodoxy, and the laurel branches symbolize victory
Government: National color(s)
blue, white
Government: National heritage: selected World Heritage Site locales
Acropolis, Athens (c); Archaeological site of Delphi (c); Meteora (m); Medieval City of Rhodes (c); Archaeological site of Olympia (c); Archaeological site of Mycenae and Tiryns (c); Old Town of Corfu (c); Mount Athos (m); Delos (c); Archaeological Site of Philippi (c); Minoan Palatial Centres (c)
Government: National heritage: total World Heritage Sites
20 (18 cultural, 2 mixed)
Government: National holiday
Independence Day, 25 March (1821)
Government: National symbol(s)
Greek cross (white cross on a blue field)
Government: Political parties
Coalition of the Radical Left-Progressive Alliance or SYRIZA-PS Communist Party of Greece or KKE Course of Freedom Democratic Patriotic Movement-Victory or NIKI Greek Solution New Democracy or ND PASOK - Movement for Change or PASOK-KINAL Spartans
Government: Suffrage
17 years of age; universal and compulsory
Introduction: Background
Greece won independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1830 and became a kingdom. During the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, it gradually added neighboring islands and territories, most with Greek-speaking populations. In World War II, Greece was first invaded by Italy (1940) and subsequently occupied by Germany (1941-44); fighting endured in a protracted civil war between supporters of the king and other anti-communist and communist rebels. The communists were defeated in 1949, and Greece joined NATO in 1952. In 1967, a military coup forced the king to flee the country. The ensuing military dictatorship collapsed in 1974, and Greece abolished the monarchy to become a parliamentary republic. In 1981, Greece joined the EC (now the EU); it became the 12th member of the European Economic and Monetary Union in 2001. From 2009 until 2019, Greece suffered a severe economic crisis due to nearly a decade of chronic overspending and structural rigidities. Beginning in 2010, Greece entered three bailout agreements -- the first two with the European Commission, the European Central Bank, and the IMF; and the third in 2015 with the European Stability Mechanism -- worth in total about $300 billion. The Greek Government formally exited the third bailout in 2018, and Greece's economy has since improved significantly. In 2022, the country finalized its early repayment to the IMF and graduated on schedule from the EU's enhanced surveillance framework.
Military and Security: Military - note
the Hellenic Armed Forces (HAF) are responsible for protecting Greece’s independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity; the HAF also maintains a presence on Cyprus (the Hellenic Force in Cyprus or ELDYK) to assist and support the Cypriot National Guard; as a member of the EU, NATO, and other international organizations, the HAF participates in multinational peacekeeping and other security missions abroad, taking a particular interest in missions occurring in the near regions, such as the Balkans, the Mediterranean and Aegean seas, the Middle East, and North Africa; areas of focus for the HAF include instability in the Balkans, territorial disputes with Turkey, and support to European security through the EU and NATO Greece’s NATO membership is a key component of its security; it became a NATO member in 1952 and occupies a strategic location in the Eastern Mediterranean on NATO’s southern flank; Greece is host to several NATO facilities, including the Deployable Corps Greece (NDC-GR) headquarters in Thessaloniki, the Combined Air Operations Center in Larissa, the Multinational Peace Support Operations Training Center in Kilkis, the Multinational Sealift Coordination Center in Athens, and the Naval Base, Maritime Interdiction Operational Training Centre, and NATO Missile Firing Installation at Souda, Crete (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security forces
Hellenic Armed Forces (HAF; Ellinikes Enoples Dynamis, EED): Hellenic Army (Ellinikos Stratos, ES; includes National Guard), Hellenic Navy (Elliniko Polemiko Navtiko, EPN), Hellenic Air Force (Elliniki Polemiki Aeroporia, EPA; includes air defense) (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 112,000 active-duty military personnel (2025)
Military and Security: Military deployments
approximately 1,000 Cyprus; 120 Kosovo (NATO); 130 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2025)
Military and Security: Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the military's inventory consists of a mix of domestically produced and imported armaments from Europe and the US; in recent years, France, Germany, the UK, and the US have been major suppliers of weapons systems; Greece's defense industry is capable of producing a range of military hardware, including naval vessels and associated subsystems (2025)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2015
2.48% (2015 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2016
2.57% (2016 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2017
2.56% (2017 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2018
2.70% (2018 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2019
2.60% (2019 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2020
3.02% (2020 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2021
3.80% (2021 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2022
4.00% (2022 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2023
2.88% (2023 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2024
3.13% (2024 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2025
2.9% of GDP (2025 est.)
Military and Security: Military service age and obligation
18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; all Greek men 19-45 are subject to compulsory military service; 12-month obligation for all services (note - as an exception, the duration of the full military service is 9 instead of 12 months if conscripts, after the initial training, serve the entire remaining time in certain areas of the eastern borders, in Cyprus, or in certain military units) (2026)
People and Society: Age structure: 0-14 years
13.8% (male 742,131/female 699,079)
People and Society: Age structure: 15-64 years
62.6% (male 3,278,906/female 3,267,140)
People and Society: Age structure: 65 years and over
23.6% (2024 est.) (male 1,096,825/female 1,377,010)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: beer
2.13 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: other alcohols
0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: spirits
1.45 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: total
6.33 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: wine
2.66 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Birth rate
7.38 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Current health expenditure
8.39% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Currently married women (ages 15-49)
52.4% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Death rate
11.99 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: elderly dependency ratio
38.4 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: potential support ratio
2.6 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio
60.1 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: youth dependency ratio
21.7 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP)
3.4% of GDP (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% national budget)
6.4% national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditures
3.38% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Ethnic groups
Greek 91.6%, Albanian 4.4%, other 4% (2011 est.)
People and Society: Gross reproduction rate
0.69 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
9.2% of GDP (2021)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
8.7% of national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
0.30% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Hospital bed density
4.3 beds/1,000 population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: female
3 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: male
3.8 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: total
3.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
People and Society: Languages: Languages
Greek (official) 99%, other (includes English and French) 1%
People and Society: Languages: major-language sample(s)
Το Παγκόσμιο Βιβλίο Δεδομένων, η απαραίτητη πηγή βασικών πληροφοριών. (Greek) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: female
84.4 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: male
79.4 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Major urban areas - population
3.154 million ATHENS (capital), 815,000 Thessaloniki (2023)
People and Society: Maternal mortality ratio
5 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
People and Society: Median age: female
48.3 years
People and Society: Median age: male
44.6 years
People and Society: Mother's mean age at first birth
30.7 years (2020 est.)
People and Society: Nationality: adjective
Greek
People and Society: Net migration rate
1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Obesity - adult prevalence rate
24.9% (2016)
People and Society: Physician density
6.58 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
People and Society: Population
10,405,134 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population distribution
one third of the population lives in and around metropolitan Athens; the remainder of the country has moderate population density mixed with sizeable urban clusters
People and Society: Population growth rate
-0.35% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Population: female
5,318,657
People and Society: Population: male
5,105,879
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): female
21 years (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): male
21 years (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total
21 years (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sex ratio: 0-14 years
1.06 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 15-64 years
1 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 65 years and over
0.8 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: at birth
1.07 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: total population
0.96 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: female
24.6% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: male
30.3% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: total
27.3% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Total fertility rate
1.24 children born/woman (2024 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: urban population
79.00% (2024 est.)
Space: Key space-program milestones
1994 - signed first cooperation agreement with the ESA 2005 - first satellite (Hellas-Sat) for a domestic telecommunications satellite network launched by US; joined ESA (became member state in 2011) 2017 - first domestically manufactured communications satellite (UPSat) released from International Space Station 2019 - began participating in ESA’s quantum communications infrastructure (EuroQCI or “fiber in the sky”) and the US Gateway Lunar orbital/landing programs 2021 - launched ESA-assisted national program to develop, manufacture, launch, and operate small satellites 2024 - signed US-led Artemis Accords for space and Moon exploration 2025 - launched demonstrator/experimental RS cube satellite (DUTHSat-2) under ESA-assisted national small satellite program
Space: Space agency/agencies
Hellenic Space Center (HSC; aka Hellenic Space Agency; established 2018) (2025)
Space: Space program overview
focuses on building and operating satellites for communications and remote sensing (RS); researches and develops space-related technologies in a variety of sectors, including agriculture, defense, environmental studies, RS, and telecommunications; contributes to and participates in ESA capabilities and programs; also participates in EU space programs and cooperates bilaterally with European and US space agencies and commercial space sectors; has a commercial space sector that researches, develops, and produces a variety of space technologies and capabilities (2025)
Terrorism: Terrorist group(s)
Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Revolutionary Struggle (RS); Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front (DHKP/C)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees
144,694 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: stateless persons
3,743 (2024 est.)
Transportation: Airports
82 (2025)
Transportation: Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
SX
Transportation: Heliports
59 (2025)
Transportation: Merchant marine: by type
bulk carrier 132, container ship 4, general cargo 79, oil tanker 299, other 701
Transportation: Merchant marine: total
1,215 (2023)
Transportation: Ports: key ports
Alexandroupoli, Iraklion, Kerkira, Ormos Aliveriou, Piraievs, Soudha, Thessaloniki, Volos
Transportation: Ports: large
1
Transportation: Ports: medium
7
Transportation: Ports: ports with oil terminals
13
Transportation: Ports: small
7
Transportation: Ports: total ports
57 (2024)
Transportation: Ports: very small
42
Transportation: Railways: total
2,345 km (2020) 731 km electrified
Warning: Some information might be outdated or incorrect, please check statistics before using(most of the economical stats are correct, its mostly the Population stats that are incorrect). Some dates are listed but some are missed, if you have any issues please report it to the Github at github.com.