Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
3 (2022 est.)
Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total
23,000 (2022 est.)
Communications: Broadcast media
Fiji TV, a publicly traded company, operates a free-to-air channel; Digicel Fiji operates the Sky Fiji and Sky Pacific multi-channel pay-TV services; state-owned commercial company, Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Ltd, operates 6 radio stations, including 2 public broadcasters and 4 commercial broadcasters with multiple repeaters; 5 radio stations with repeaters operated by Communications Fiji, Ltd; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available
Communications: Internet country code
.fj
Communications: Internet users: percent of population
74.71% (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
4 (2022 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions
49,000 (2021 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
574 (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions
5.33 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Agricultural products
sugarcane, cassava, taro, vegetables, chicken, coconuts, eggs, ginger, milk, sweet potatoes (2023)
Economy: Budget: expenditures
$1.562 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: revenues
$1.345 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2013
-$406.9 million (2013 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2014
-$280.6 million (2014 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2015
-$162.6 million (2015 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2016
-$177.8 million (2016 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2017
-$355.4 million (2017 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2018
-$471.5 million (2018 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2019
-$629.5 million (2019 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2020
-$614.13 million (2020 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2021
-$686.577 million (2021 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2022
-$865.665 million (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2023
-$362.1 million (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2024
-$464.4 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2022
$2.988 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2023
$1.397 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates
2.2683 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Currency
Fijian dollars (FJD) per US dollar -
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2013
1.8415 (2013 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2014
1.8873 (2014 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2015
2.0976 (2015 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2016
2.0947 (2016 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2017
2.0669 (2017 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2018
2.0874 (2018 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2019
2.1604 (2019 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2020
2.1688 (2020 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2021
2.0706 (2021 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2022
2.2014 (2022 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2023
2.2501 (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2024
2.2683 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exports - commodities
water, fish, raw sugar, refined petroleum, garments (2023)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2020
$1.23 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2021
$1.171 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2022
$2.376 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: exports of goods and services
57% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: government consumption
20.8% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption
71.7% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: imports of goods and services
-69.2% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in fixed capital
18.6% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in inventories
1.2% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture
8.4% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: industry
14.1% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: services
56.2% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - per capita (PPP)
$15,450 (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (official exchange rate)
$5.841 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (purchasing power parity) - real
$14.350 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019
30.7 (2019 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%
24.2% (2019 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%
3.5% (2019 est.)
Economy: Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, medical instruments, cars, broadcasting equipment, plastics (2023)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2020
$1.977 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2021
$2.344 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2022
$3.434 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Industrial production growth rate
7.3% (2024 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015
1.37% (2015 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016
3.86% (2016 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017
3.35% (2017 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018
4.08% (2018 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019
1.79% (2019 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020
-1.70% (2020 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021
1.53% (2021 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
4.3% (2022 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
2.98% (2023 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
3.89% (2024 est.)
Economy: Labor force
387,800 (2024 est.)
Economy: Population below poverty line
24.10% (2019 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2016
47.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014
$9.650 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015
$10.581 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016
$10.814 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017
$11.563 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019
$11.874 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020
$9.805 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021
$9.463 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$11.734 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$12.617 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$13.1 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2015
4.50% (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2016
2.45% (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2017
5.35% (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2018
3.81% (2018 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2019
-0.58% (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2020
-17.18% (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2021
-4.35% (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2022
17.75% (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2023
9.44% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024
3.53% (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2014
$10,516 (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2015
$11,519 (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2016
$11,766 (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2017
$12,585 (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2019
$12,978 (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2020
$10,716 (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2021
$10,322 (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2022
$12,982 (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2023
$14,644 (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2013
$203.6 million (2013 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2014
$221.0 million (2014 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2015
$252.4 million (2015 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2020
$317.2 million (2020 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2021
9.1% of GDP (2021 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2022
9.2% of GDP (2022 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2023
9.2% of GDP (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2024
$424.2 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2015
$919.0 million (2015 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2016
$908.8 million (2016 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2017
$1.116 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2018
$947.7 million (2018 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2019
$1.043 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020
$1.082 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021
$1.518 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$1.557 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$1.548 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$1.6 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Taxes and other revenues
20.7% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2019
4.66% (2019 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2020
5.05% (2020 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2021
5.22% (2021 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2022
5.40% (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2023
5.32% (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024
5.36% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): female
22.5% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): male
11.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total
15.5% (2024 est.)
Energy: Coal: consumption
6 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: imports
2 metric tons (2022 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - rural areas
86.8%
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - total population
92% (2022 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - urban areas
97.6%
Energy: Electricity generation sources: biomass and waste
10% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels
36.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: hydroelectricity
52.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: solar
1.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: wind
0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: consumption
1.048 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: installed generating capacity
427,000 kW (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: transmission/distribution losses
102.047 million kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023
25.375 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption
10,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from coal and metallurgical coke
12 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from petroleum and other liquids
1.432 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions
1.432 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Climate
tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation
Environment: Environmental issues
air pollution from waste incineration and vehicle emissions; deforestation and soil erosion; soil erosion from clearing land by bush burning
Environment: International environmental agreements: party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands
Environment: International environmental agreements: signed, but not ratified
none of the selected agreements
Environment: Land use: agricultural land
17.1% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 4.2% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 3.4% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 9.5% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: forest
61.7% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: other
21.2% (2023 est.)
Environment: Particulate matter emissions
8.1 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Environment: Total renewable water resources
28.55 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: agricultural
50 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: industrial
9.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: municipal
25.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
1.37% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: urban population
59.08% (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually
189,400 tons (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: percent of municipal solid waste recycled
16.1% (2022 est.)
Geography: Area - comparative
slightly smaller than New Jersey
Geography: Area: land
18,274 sq km
Geography: Area: water
0 sq km
Geography: Coastline
1,129 km
Geography: Elevation: highest point
Tomanivi 1,324 m
Geography: Elevation: lowest point
Pacific Ocean 0 m
Geography: Geographic coordinates
18 00 S, 175 00 E
Geography: Geography - note
consists of 332 islands, approximately 110 of which are inhabited, and more than 500 islets
Geography: Irrigated land
40 sq km (2012)
Geography: Land boundaries: total
0 km
Geography: Land use: agricultural land
17.1% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 4.2% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 3.4% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 9.5% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: forest
61.7% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: other
21.2% (2023 est.)
Geography: Map references
Oceania
Geography: Maritime claims: contiguous zone
24 nm
Geography: Maritime claims: continental shelf
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Geography: Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone
200 nm
Geography: Maritime claims: territorial sea
12 nm
Geography: Natural hazards
cyclonic storms can occur from November to January
Geography: Population distribution
approximately 70% of the population lives on the island of Viti Levu; roughly half of the population lives in urban areas
Geography: Terrain
mostly mountains of volcanic origin
Government: Administrative divisions
14 provinces and 1 dependency*; Ba, Bua, Cakaudrove, Kadavu, Lau, Lomaiviti, Macuata, Nadroga and Navosa, Naitasiri, Namosi, Ra, Rewa, Rotuma*, Serua, Tailevu
Government: Capital: etymology
the name means "little hill" in the native Fijian language and may refer to a mound where a temple once stood
Government: Capital: geographic coordinates
18 08 S, 178 25 E
Government: Capital: time difference
UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by birth
no
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of Fiji
Government: Citizenship: dual citizenship recognized
yes
Government: Citizenship: residency requirement for naturalization
at least 5 years residency out of the 10 years preceding application
Government: Constitution: amendment process
proposed as a bill by Parliament and supported by at least three quarters of its members, followed by referral to the president and then to the Electoral Commission, which conducts a referendum; passage requires approval by at least three-quarters of registered voters and assent by the president
Government: Constitution: history
several previous; latest signed into law 6 September 2013
Government: Country name: conventional short form
Fiji
Government: Country name: etymology
the Fijians called their home Viti, but the neighboring Tongans called it Fisi; in the Anglicized spelling of the Tongan pronunciation -- promulgated by explorer Captain James COOK -- the designation became Fiji
Government: Country name: local long form
Republic of Fiji (English)/ Matanitu ko Viti (Fijian)
Government: Country name: local short form
Fiji (English)/ Viti (Fijian)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Marie DAMOUR (since 24 November 2022); note - also accredited to Kiribati, Nauru, Tonga, and Tuvalu
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: email address and website
SuvaACS@state.gov https://fj.usembassy.gov/
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy
158 Princes Road, Tamavua, Suva
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: FAX
[679] 330-2267
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: mailing address
4290 Suva Place, Washington DC 20521-4290
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: telephone
[679] 331-4466
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery
1707 L Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20036
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Ilisoni VUIDREKETI (since 17 June 2024)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: email address and website
info@FijiEmbassyDC.com https://www.fijiembassydc.com/
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX
[1] (202) 466-8325
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: telephone
[1] (917) 208-4560
Government: Executive branch: cabinet
Cabinet appointed by the prime minister from among members of Parliament and is responsible to Parliament
Government: Executive branch: chief of state
President Ratu Naiqama LALABALAVU (since 12 November 2024)
Government: Executive branch: election results
2024: Ratu Naiqama LALABALAVU elected president (People's Alliance) 35 votes, Meli Tora TAVAIQIA (Fiji First) 14 votes 2021: Ratu Wiliame KATONIVERE elected president; Wiliame KATONIVERE (People's Alliance) 28 votes, Teimumu KEPA (SODELPA) 23 votes
Government: Executive branch: election/appointment process
president elected by Parliament for a 3-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister endorsed by the president
Government: Executive branch: expected date of next election
2027
Government: Executive branch: head of government
Prime Minister Sitiveni Ligamamada RABUKA (since 24 December 2022)
Government: Executive branch: most recent election date
31 October 2024
Government: Flag
description: light blue with the UK flag in the upper-left quadrant and the Fijian shield centered on the right half of the flag; the shield shows a yellow lion holding a coconut above a white field quartered by the cross of Saint George; the four quarters depict sugarcane, a palm tree, a banana bunch, and a white dove meaning: blue symbolizes the Pacific Ocean
Government: International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Government: International organization participation
ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OPCW, PCA, PIF, Sparteca (suspended), SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Government: Judicial branch: highest court(s)
Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, all justices of the Court of Appeal, and judges appointed specifically as Supreme Court judges); Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, all puisne judges of the High Court, and judges specifically appointed to the Court of Appeal); High Court (chaired by the chief justice and includes a minimum of 10 puisne judges; High Court organized into civil, criminal, family, employment, and tax divisions)
Government: Judicial branch: judge selection and term of office
chief justice appointed by the president of Fiji on the advice of the prime minister following consultation with the parliamentary leader of the opposition; judges of the Supreme Court, the president of the Court of Appeal, the justices of the Court of Appeal, and puisne judges of the High Court appointed by the president of Fiji on the nomination of the Judicial Service Commission after consulting with the cabinet minister and the House of Representatives committee responsible for the administration of justice; the chief justice, Supreme Court judges, and justices of Appeal generally required to retire at age 70, but this requirement may be waived for one or more sessions of the court; puisne judges appointed for not less than 4 years or more than 7 years, with mandatory retirement at age 65
Government: Judicial branch: subordinate courts
Magistrates' Court (organized into civil, criminal, juvenile, and small claims divisions)
Government: Legal system
common law system based on the English model
Government: Legislative branch: electoral system
proportional representation
Government: Legislative branch: expected date of next election
December 2026
Government: Legislative branch: legislative structure
unicameral
Government: Legislative branch: legislature name
Parliament
Government: Legislative branch: most recent election date
12/14/2022
Government: Legislative branch: number of seats
55 (all directly elected)
Government: Legislative branch: parties elected and seats per party
FijiFirst (26); People's Alliance (21); National Federation Party (NFP) (5); Social Democratic Liberal Party (Soldelpa) (3)
Government: Legislative branch: percentage of women in chamber
9.1%
Government: Legislative branch: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch: term in office
4 years
Government: National anthem(s): history
adopted 1970; known in Fijian as "Meda Dau Doka" (Let Us Show Pride); adapted from the hymn, "Dwelling in Beulah Land," the anthem's English lyrics are usually used, although they differ in meaning from the official Fijian lyrics
Government: National anthem(s): lyrics/music
Michael Francis Alexander PRESCOTT/C. Austin MILES (adapted by Michael Francis Alexander PRESCOTT)
Government: National color(s)
light blue
Government: National heritage: selected World Heritage Site locales
Levuka Historical Port Town
Government: National heritage: total World Heritage Sites
1 (cultural)
Government: National holiday
Fiji (Independence) Day, 10 October (1970)
Government: National symbol(s)
Fijian canoe
Government: Political parties
Fiji First Fiji Labor Party or FLP Freedom Alliance (formerly Fiji United Freedom Party or FUFP) National Federation Party or NFP People's Alliance Peoples Democratic Party or PDP Social Democratic Liberal Party or SODELPA Unity Fiji
Government: Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Introduction: Background
Austronesians settled Fiji around 1000 B.C., followed by successive waves of Melanesians starting around the first century A.D. Fijians traded with Polynesian groups in Samoa and Tonga, and by about 900, much of Fiji was in the Tu’i Tongan Empire’s sphere of influence. The Tongan influence declined significantly by 1200, while Melanesian seafarers continued to periodically arrive in Fiji, further mixing Melanesian and Polynesian cultural traditions. The first European spotted Fiji in 1643 and by the 1800s, European merchants, missionaries, traders, and whalers frequented the islands. Rival kings and chiefs competed for power, at times aided by Europeans, and in 1865, Seru Epenisa CAKOBAU united many groups into the Confederacy of Independent Kingdoms of Viti. The arrangement proved weak, however, and in 1871 CAKOBAU formed the Kingdom of Fiji in an attempt to centralize power. Fearing a hostile takeover by a foreign power as the kingdom’s economy began to falter, CAKOBAU ceded Fiji to the UK in 1874. The first British governor set up a plantation-style economy and brought in more than 60,000 Indians as indentured laborers, most of whom chose to stay in Fiji rather than return to India when their contracts expired. In the early 1900s, society was divided along ethnic lines, with iTaukei (indigenous Fijians), Europeans, and Indo-Fijians living in separate areas and maintaining their own languages and traditions. ITaukei fears of an Indo-Fijian takeover of government delayed independence through the 1960s; Fiji achieved independence in 1970 with agreements to allocate parliamentary seats by ethnic groups. After two coups in 1987, a new constitution in 1990 cemented iTaukei control of politics, leading thousands of Indo-Fijians to leave. A reformed constitution in 1997 was more equitable and led to the election of an Indo-Fijian prime minister in 1999, who was ousted in a coup the following year. In 2005, the new prime minister put forward a bill that would grant pardons to the coup perpetrators, leading Josaia Voreqe "Frank" BAINIMARAMA to launch a coup in 2006. BAINIMARAMA appointed himself prime minister in 2007 and retained the position after elections in 2014 and 2018 that international observers deemed credible. BAINIMARAMA's party lost control of the prime minister position after elections in 2022 with former opposition leader Sitiveni Ligamamada RABUKA winning the office by a narrow margin.
Military and Security: Military - note
the Fiji Military Forces (RFMF) are responsible for external security but can be assigned some domestic security responsibilities in specific circumstances; the RFMF has a history of intervening in the country’s politics, and it continues to have significant political power; it also has a tradition of participating in UN peacekeeping operations, which have offered experience and a source of financial support; Fiji has sent troops on nearly 20 such missions since first deploying personnel to South Lebanon in 1978 Fiji has a "shiprider" agreement with the US, which allows local maritime law enforcement officers to embark on US Coast Guard (USCG) and US Navy (USN) vessels, including to board and search vessels suspected of violating laws or regulations within Fiji's designated exclusive economic zone (EEZ) or on the high seas; "shiprider" agreements also enable USCG personnel and USN vessels with embarked USCG law enforcement personnel to work with host nations to protect critical regional resources (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security forces
Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF): Land Force, Republic of Fiji Navy (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 4,000 active Republic of Fiji Military Forces (2025)
Military and Security: Military deployments
170 Egypt (MFO); 160 Iraq (UNAMI); 150 Golan Heights (UNDOF) (2025)
Military and Security: Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the RFMF is lightly armed and equipped; Australia has provided patrol boats and a few armored personnel carriers; it also provides logistical support for RFMF regional or UN operations; in recent years, China and the US have provided small amounts of equipment (2025)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2015
0.91% (2015 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2016
1.10% (2016 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2017
1.40% (2017 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2018
1.46% (2018 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2019
1.45% (2019 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2020
1.61% (2020 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2021
1.60% (2021 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2022
1.36% (2022 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2023
1.33% (2023 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2024
1.31% (2024 est.)
Military and Security: Military service age and obligation
18-25 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women (2026)
People and Society: Age structure: 0-14 years
24.7% (male 119,910/female 114,904)
People and Society: Age structure: 15-64 years
66.4% (male 323,339/female 308,921)
People and Society: Age structure: 65 years and over
8.9% (2024 est.) (male 39,055/female 45,482)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: beer
1.64 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: spirits
0.79 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: total
2.71 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: wine
0.29 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Birth rate
15.63 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Child marriage: men married by age 18
1.7% (2021)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 15
0.2% (2021)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 18
4% (2021)
People and Society: Children under the age of 5 years underweight
4.6% (2021 est.)
People and Society: Current health expenditure
3.62% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Currently married women (ages 15-49)
59.2% (2021 est.)
People and Society: Death rate
6.58 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: elderly dependency ratio
13.4 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: potential support ratio
7.5 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio
50.5 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: youth dependency ratio
37.1 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: rural
rural: 91.1% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: total
total: 95.5% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: urban
urban: 98.7% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: rural
rural: 8.9% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: total
total: 4.5% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: urban
urban: 1.3% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP)
4.2% of GDP (2023 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% national budget)
13.8% national budget (2025 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditures
4.25% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Ethnic groups
iTaukei 56.8% (predominantly Melanesian with a Polynesian admixture), Indo-Fijian 37.5%, Rotuman 1.2%, other 4.5% (European, part European, other Pacific Islanders, Chinese) (2007 est.)
People and Society: Gross reproduction rate
1.06 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
5.4% of GDP (2021)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
10.3% of national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
1.00% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Hospital bed density
1.9 beds/1,000 population (2017 est.)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: female
8.1 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: male
11.1 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: total
9.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: female
69.5 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: male
65.5 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: female
92.4% (2021 est.)
People and Society: Major urban areas - population
178,000 SUVA (capital) (2018)
People and Society: Maternal mortality ratio
30 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
People and Society: Median age: female
31.8 years
People and Society: Median age: male
31.4 years
People and Society: Nationality: adjective
Fijian
People and Society: Net migration rate
-5.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Obesity - adult prevalence rate
30.2% (2016)
People and Society: Physician density
0.81 physicians/1,000 population (2015)
People and Society: Population
928,784 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population distribution
approximately 70% of the population lives on the island of Viti Levu; roughly half of the population lives in urban areas
People and Society: Population growth rate
0.38% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Population: female
469,307
People and Society: Population: male
482,304
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sex ratio: 0-14 years
1.04 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 15-64 years
1.05 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 65 years and over
0.86 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: total population
1.03 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: female
12.9% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: male
40.8% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: total
26.8% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Total fertility rate
2.27 children born/woman (2024 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
1.37% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: urban population
59.08% (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: IDPs
259 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees
25 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Trafficking in persons: tier rating
Tier 2 Watch List — the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore Fiji remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/fiji/
Transportation: Airports
26 (2025)
Transportation: Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
DQ
Transportation: Heliports
2 (2025)
Transportation: Merchant marine: by type
general cargo 21, oil tanker 4, other 49
Transportation: Merchant marine: total
74 (2023)
Transportation: Ports: key ports
Lautoka Harbor, Levuka, Malai, Savusavu Bay, Suva Harbor
Transportation: Ports: large
0
Transportation: Ports: medium
0
Transportation: Ports: ports with oil terminals
4
Transportation: Ports: small
2
Transportation: Ports: total ports
5 (2024)
Transportation: Ports: very small
3
Transportation: Railways: narrow gauge
597 km (2008) 0.600-m gauge
Transportation: Railways: total
597 km (2008)
Warning: Some information might be outdated or incorrect, please check statistics before using(most of the economical stats are correct, its mostly the Population stats that are incorrect). Some dates are listed but some are missed, if you have any issues please report it to the Github at github.com.