Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
0.17 (2022, World Bank)
Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total
6,000 (2022 est.)
Communications: Broadcast media
government controls broadcast media, with private ownership prohibited; 1 state-owned TV station; 2 state-owned radio networks; purchases of satellite dishes and subscriptions to international broadcast media are permitted (2023)
Communications: Internet country code
.er
Communications: Internet users: percent of population
14.3% (2020, World Bank)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
2.00 (2022, World Bank)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions
68,200 (2022 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
59.12 (2022, World Bank)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions
2.02 million (2022 est.)
Economy: Agricultural products
sorghum, milk, barley, vegetables, root vegetables, cereals, pulses, wheat, beef, maize (2023)
Economy: Budget: expenditures
$549 million (2018 est.)
Economy: Budget: revenues
$633 million (2018 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2024
$-104.657 million (2000, World Bank)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2023
$693.279 million (2024, World Bank)
Economy: Exchange rates: Currency
nakfa (ERN) per US dollar -
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2020
15.075 (2020 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2021
15.075 (2021 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2022
15.075 (2022 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2023
15.075 (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2024
15.075 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exports - commodities
copper ore, zinc ore, gold, garments, liquor (2023)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2011
$374.898 million (2011 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2016
$485.4 million (2016 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2017
$624.3 million (2017 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2024
$374.898 million (2011, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: exports of goods and services
18.2% (2011, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: government consumption
26.6% (2011, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption
98.2% (2011, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: imports of goods and services
29.2% (2011, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in fixed capital
12.6% (2011, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture
14.1% (2009, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: industry
21.8% (2009, World Bank)
Economy: GDP - per capita (PPP)
$1,742 (2011, World Bank)
Economy: GDP (official exchange rate)
$2.065 billion (2011, World Bank)
Economy: Imports - commodities
trucks, sorghum, construction vehicles, wheat flours, other foods (2023)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2009
$435.275 million (2009 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2010
$494.229 million (2010 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2024
$603.785 million (2011, World Bank)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020
5.6% (2020 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021
6.6% (2021 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
7.4% (2022 est.)
Economy: Labor force
1,763,700 (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2016
132.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$2.398 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$2.465 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$2.534 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2015
2.6% (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2016
1.9% (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2017
5% (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024
8.7% (2011, World Bank)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2022
$700 (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2023
$700 (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2024
0.5% of GDP (2000, World Bank)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2017
$143.412 million (2017 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2018
$163.034 million (2018 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2019
$191.694 million (2019 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$191.694 million (2019, World Bank)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2022
5.7% (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2023
5.6% (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024
6.0% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): female
11.4% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): male
9.2% (2025, World Bank)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total
10.2% (2025, World Bank)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - rural areas
43.2% (2024, World Bank)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - total population
55.3% (2024, World Bank)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - urban areas
78.1% (2024, World Bank)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels
89.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: solar
10.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: wind
0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: consumption
388.987 million kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: installed generating capacity
243,000 kW (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: transmission/distribution losses
51.528 million kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023
2.977 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption
5,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from petroleum and other liquids
733,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions
733,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Climate
hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually, heaviest June to September); semiarid in western hills and lowlands
Environment: Environmental issues
deforestation; desertification; soil erosion; overgrazing
Environment: International environmental agreements: party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling
Environment: International environmental agreements: signed, but not ratified
Climate Change-Paris Agreement
Environment: Land use: agricultural land
62.7% (2023, World Bank)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
5.7% (2023, World Bank)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 56.9% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: forest
8.6% (2023, World Bank)
Environment: Land use: other
25.3% (2023 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: agriculture
117.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: energy
15.7 kt (2022-2024 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: other
2.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: waste
20.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Particulate matter emissions
22.7 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Environment: Total renewable water resources
7.315 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: agricultural
550 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: industrial
1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: municipal
31 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
3.67% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: urban population
34.5% (2025, World Bank)
Environment: Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually
727,000 tons (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: percent of municipal solid waste recycled
6.8% (2022 est.)
Geography: Area - comparative
slightly smaller than Pennsylvania
Geography: Area: land
101,000 sq km
Geography: Area: water
16,600 sq km
Geography: Coastline
2,234 km (mainland on Red Sea 1,151 km; islands in Red Sea 1,083 km)
Geography: Elevation: highest point
Soira 3,018 m
Geography: Elevation: lowest point
near Kulul within the Danakil Depression -75 m
Geography: Elevation: mean elevation
853 m
Geography: Geographic coordinates
15 00 N, 39 00 E
Geography: Geography - note
strategic geopolitical position along world's busiest shipping lanes
Geography: Irrigated land
210 sq km (2012)
Geography: Land boundaries: border countries
Djibouti 125 km; Ethiopia 1,033 km; Sudan 682 km
Geography: Land boundaries: total
1,840 km
Geography: Land use: agricultural land
62.7% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 5.7% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 56.9% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: forest
12% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: other
25.3% (2023 est.)
Geography: Map references
Africa
Geography: Maritime claims: territorial sea
12 nm
Geography: Natural hazards
frequent droughts, rare earthquakes and volcanoes; locust swarms volcanism: Dubbi (1,625 m), which last erupted in 1861, was the country's only historically active volcano until Nabro (2,218 m) came to life in 2011
Geography: Population distribution
density is highest in the center of the country, in and around the cities of Asmara (capital) and Keren; smaller settlements exist in the north and south, as shown in this population distribution map
Geography: Terrain
dominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trending highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling plains
Government: Administrative divisions
6 regions ( zobatat , singular - zoba ); 'Anseba, Debub (South), Debubawi K'eyyih Bahri (Southern Red Sea), Gash-Barka, Ma'ikel (Central), Semienawi K'eyyih Bahri (Northern Red Sea)
Government: Capital: etymology
the name's origin is unclear; according to Tigrinya oral tradition, the name is part of a phrase meaning "the women made them unite," referring to a group of women who made four clans unite to defeat a common enemy; asmara also means "flowery wood" in the Tigrinya language
Government: Capital: geographic coordinates
15 20 N, 38 56 E
Government: Capital: time difference
UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by birth
no
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of Eritrea
Government: Citizenship: dual citizenship recognized
no
Government: Citizenship: residency requirement for naturalization
20 years
Government: Constitution: amendment process
proposed by the president of Eritrea or by assent of at least one half of the National Assembly membership; passage requires at least an initial three-quarters majority vote by the Assembly and, after one year, final passage by at least four-fifths majority vote by the Assembly
Government: Constitution: history
ratified by the Constituent Assembly 23 May 1997 (never implemented)
Government: Country name: conventional short form
Eritrea
Government: Country name: etymology
the country name derives from the ancient Greek name Erythra Thalassa , meaning "Red Sea," the body of water that borders the country
Government: Country name: former
Eritrea Autonomous Region in Ethiopia
Government: Country name: local long form
Hagere Ertra
Government: Country name: local short form
Ertra
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission
Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Christine E. MEYER (since July 2025)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: email address and website
consularasmara@state.gov https://er.usembassy.gov/
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy
179 Alaa Street, Asmara
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: FAX
[291] (1) 12-75-84
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: mailing address
7170 Asmara Place, Washington DC 20521-7170
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: telephone
[291] (1) 12-00-04
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery
1708 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission
Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Berhane Gebrehiwet SOLOMON (since 15 March 2011)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: email address and website
embassyeritrea@embassyeritrea.org https://us.embassyeritrea.org/
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX
[1] (202) 319-1304
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: telephone
[1] (202) 319-1991
Government: Executive branch: cabinet
State Council appointed by the president
Government: Executive branch: chief of state
President ISAIAS Afwerki (since 24 May 1993)
Government: Executive branch: election results
1993: ISAIAS Afwerki elected president by the transitional National Assembly; percent of National Assembly vote - ISAIAS Afwerki (PFDJ) 95%, other 5%
Government: Executive branch: election/appointment process
president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term), according to the constitution
Government: Executive branch: expected date of next election
postponed indefinitely
Government: Executive branch: head of government
President ISAIAS Afwerki (since 8 June 1993)
Government: Executive branch: most recent election date
24 May 1993, following independence from Ethiopia
Government: Flag
description: a red isosceles triangle (based on the left side) divides the flag into two right triangles; the upper triangle is green, the lower is blue; a gold wreath around a gold olive branch is on the left side of the red triangle meaning: green stands for the country's agriculture economy, red for the blood shed in the fight for freedom, and blue for the sea's bounty; the shape of the red triangle mimics the country's shape
Government: International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Government: International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (observer), IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS (observer), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO
Government: Judicial branch: highest court(s)
High Court (consists of 20 judges and organized into civil, commercial, criminal, labor, administrative, and customary sections)
Government: Judicial branch: judge selection and term of office
High Court judges appointed by the president
Government: Judicial branch: subordinate courts
regional/zonal courts; community courts; special courts; sharia courts (for issues dealing with Muslim marriage, inheritance, and family); military courts
Government: Legal system
mixed system of civil, customary, and Islamic religious law
Government: Legislative branch: legislative structure
unicameral
Government: Legislative branch: legislature name
National Assembly (Hagerawi Baito)
Government: Legislative branch: most recent election date
2/1/1994
Government: Legislative branch: number of seats
150 (all indirectly elected)
Government: Legislative branch: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch: term in office
4 years
Government: National anthem(s): history
adopted 1993, after gaining independence from Ethiopia
Government: National anthem(s): lyrics/music
SOLOMON Tsehaye Beraki/Isaac Abraham MEHAREZGI and ARON Tekle Tesfatsion
Government: National coat of arms
Eritrea adopted its coat of arms on May 24, 1993, when it won independence from Ethiopia; the camel was used to transport supplies and goods during the war, and it became a symbol of the country’s success; the olive wreath represents peace, reconciliation, and harmony; under the camel is name of the country in its three official languages: Tigrinya, English, and Arabic
Government: National color(s)
green, red, blue
Government: National heritage: selected World Heritage Site locales
Asmara: A Modernist African City
Government: National heritage: total World Heritage Sites
1 (cultural)
Government: National holiday
Independence Day, 24 May (1991)
Government: National symbol(s)
camel
Government: Political parties
People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ (the only party recognized by the government)
Government: Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Introduction: Background
Eritrea won independence from Italian colonial control in 1941, but the UN only established it as an autonomous region within the Ethiopian federation in 1952, after a decade of British administrative control. Ethiopia's full annexation of Eritrea as a province 10 years later sparked a violent 30-year conflict for independence that ended in 1991 with Eritrean fighters defeating government forces. Eritreans overwhelmingly approved independence in a 1993 referendum. ISAIAS Afwerki has been Eritrea's only president since independence; his rule, particularly since 2001, has been characterized by highly autocratic and repressive actions. His government has created a highly militarized society by instituting an unpopular program of mandatory conscription into national service -- divided between military and civilian service -- of indefinite length. A two-and-a-half-year border war with Ethiopia that erupted in 1998 ended under UN auspices in 2000. Ethiopia rejected a subsequent 2007 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC) demarcation. More than a decade of a tense “no peace, no war” stalemate ended in 2018 when the newly elected Ethiopian prime minister accepted the EEBC’s 2007 ruling, and the two countries signed declarations of peace and friendship. Eritrean leaders then engaged in intensive diplomacy around the Horn of Africa, bolstering regional peace, security, and cooperation, as well as brokering rapprochements between governments and opposition groups. In 2018, the UN Security Council lifted an arms embargo that had been imposed on Eritrea since 2009, after the UN Somalia-Eritrea Monitoring Group reported they had not found evidence of Eritrean support in recent years for al-Shabaab. The country’s rapprochement with Ethiopia led to a resumption of economic ties, but the level of air transport, trade, and tourism have remained roughly the same since late 2020. The Eritrean economy remains agriculture-dependent, and the country is still one of Africa’s poorest nations. Eritrea faced new international condemnation and US sanctions in mid-2021 for its participation in the war in Ethiopia’s Tigray Regional State, where Eritrean forces were found to have committed war crimes and crimes against humanity. As most Eritrean troops were departing northern Ethiopia in January 2023, ISAIAS began a series of diplomatic engagements aimed at bolstering Eritrea’s foreign partnerships and regional influence. Despite the country's improved relations with its neighbors, ISAIAS has not let up on repression, and conscription and militarization continue.
Military and Security: Military - note
the military’s primary responsibilities are external defense, border security, and providing the regime a vehicle for national cohesion; the conscript-based Army is the dominant service since the country's independence in 1991, the Eritrean military has participated in numerous conflicts, including the Hanish Island Crisis with Yemen (1995), the First Congo War (1996-1997), the Second Sudanese Civil War (1996-1998), the Eritrea-Ethiopia War (1998-2000), the Djiboutian-Eritrean border conflict (2008), and the Tigray conflict in Ethiopia (2020-2022); during the Tigray conflict, the Eritrean Defense Forces were accused of human rights abuses; in recent years, it has provided training support to the military of Somalia (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security forces
Eritrean Defense Forces (EDF): Eritrean Ground Forces, Eritrean Navy, Eritrean Air Force; People's Militia (aka People's Army or Hizbawi Serawit) (2024)
Military and Security: Military and security service personnel strengths
available information varies widely; estimated 150,000-200,000 active Defense Forces (2025)
Military and Security: Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the EDF's inventory is comprised primarily of Soviet-era weapons and equipment (2025)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2015
10.6% of GDP (2015 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2016
10.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2017
10.3% of GDP (2017 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2018
10.2% of GDP (2018 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2019
10% of GDP (2019 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2025
20.9% of GDP (2003, World Bank)
Military and Security: Military service age and obligation
Eritrea mandates military service for all citizens age 18-40; 18-month conscript service obligation, which reportedly includes 4-6 months of military training and 12 months of military or other national service (military service is most common); in practice, military and national service is often extended indefinitely; citizens up to the age of 59 eligible for recall during mobilization (2025)
People and Society: Age structure: 0-14 years
37.6% (2025, World Bank)
People and Society: Age structure: 15-64 years
58.2% (2025, World Bank)
People and Society: Age structure: 65 years and over
4.3% (2025, World Bank)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: beer
0.42 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: other alcohols
0.51 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: spirits
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: total
0.93 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: wine
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Birth rate
28.72 (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Contraceptive prevalence rate
8.7% (2010, World Bank)
People and Society: Current health expenditure
3.7% of GDP (2023, World Bank)
People and Society: Death rate
6.00 (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: elderly dependency ratio
6.6 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: potential support ratio
15.1 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio
64.2 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: youth dependency ratio
57.6 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: total
51.8% (2016, World Bank)
People and Society: Ethnic groups
Tigrinya 50%, Tigre 30%, Saho 4%, Afar 4%, Kunama 4%, Bilen 3%, Hedareb/Beja 2%, Nara 2%, Rashaida 1% (2021 est.)
People and Society: Gross reproduction rate
1.65 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
4.2% of GDP (2021)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
2.4% of national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: Hospital bed density
1.02 (2023, World Bank)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: female
21.30 (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: male
28.00 (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: total
24.70 (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: female
70.94 (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: male
66.76 (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Literacy: female
54.8% (2008, World Bank)
People and Society: Literacy: male
75.1% (2008, World Bank)
People and Society: Literacy: total population
64.7% (2008, World Bank)
People and Society: Major urban areas - population
1.073 million ASMARA (capital) (2023)
People and Society: Maternal mortality ratio
291.00 (2023, World Bank)
People and Society: Median age: female
21.8 years
People and Society: Median age: male
20.8 years
People and Society: Mother's mean age at first birth
21.3 years (2010 est.)
People and Society: Nationality: adjective
Eritrean
People and Society: Net migration rate
-7.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Obesity - adult prevalence rate
5% (2016)
People and Society: Physician density
0.09 (2022, World Bank)
People and Society: Population
3,607,003 (2025, World Bank)
People and Society: Population distribution
density is highest in the center of the country, in and around the cities of Asmara (capital) and Keren; smaller settlements exist in the north and south, as shown in this population distribution map
People and Society: Population growth rate
2.0% (2025, World Bank)
People and Society: Population: female
1,825,728 (2025, World Bank)
People and Society: Population: male
1,781,275 (2025, World Bank)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: total
11.9% (2016, World Bank)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): female
7 years (2015 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): male
9 years (2015 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total
8 years (2015 est.)
People and Society: Sex ratio: 0-14 years
1.01 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 15-64 years
0.97 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 65 years and over
0.66 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: at birth
1.03 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: total population
0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: female
0.2% (2020 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: male
14.7% (2020 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: total
7.5% (2020 est.)
People and Society: Total fertility rate
3.68 (2024, World Bank)
People and Society: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
2.0% (2025, World Bank)
People and Society: Urbanization: urban population
34.5% (2025, World Bank)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: IDPs
1,100,000 (2000, UNHCR)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees
119 (2025, UNHCR)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: stateless persons
7 (2004, UNHCR)
Transnational Issues: Trafficking in persons: tier rating
Tier 3 — Eritrea does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so, therefore Eritrea remained on Tier 3; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/eritrea/
Transportation: Airports
11 (2025)
Transportation: Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
E3
Transportation: Merchant marine: by type
general cargo 4, oil tanker 1, other 4
Transportation: Merchant marine: total
9 (2023)
Transportation: Ports: key ports
Assab, Mitsiwa Harbor
Transportation: Ports: large
0
Transportation: Ports: medium
0
Transportation: Ports: ports with oil terminals
2
Transportation: Ports: small
2
Transportation: Ports: total ports
2 (2024)
Transportation: Ports: very small
0
Transportation: Railways: narrow gauge
306 km (2018) 0.950-m gauge
Transportation: Railways: total
306 km (2018)
Warning: Some information might be outdated or incorrect, please check statistics before using(most of the economical stats are correct, its mostly the Population stats that are incorrect). Some dates are listed but some are missed, if you have any issues please report it to the Github at github.com.