Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
3 (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total
327,000 (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadcast media
government owns and controls all broadcast media: 8 national TV channels (Cubavision, Cubavision Plus, Tele Rebelde, Multivision, Educational Channel 1 and 2, Canal Clave, Canal Habana), 2 international channels (Cubavision Internacional and Canal Caribe), multiple regional TV stations, 7 national radio networks, and multiple regional radio stations; the government uses the Radio-TV Marti signal; private ownership of electronic media is officially prohibited, with several online independent news sites tolerated but blocked if critical of the government; YouTube popular; Christian denominations create original video content to distribute via social media (2023)
Communications: Internet country code
.cu
Communications: Internet users: percent of population
70.48% (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
15 (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions
1.59 million (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
73 (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions
8.01 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Agricultural products
sugarcane, cassava, plantains, vegetables, mangoes/guavas, milk, tomatoes, pumpkins/squash, sweet potatoes, bananas (2023)
Economy: Budget: expenditures
$64.64 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Budget: revenues
$54.52 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Currency
Cuban pesos (CUP) per US dollar -
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2020
1 (2020 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2021
24 (2021 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2022
24 (2022 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2023
24 (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2024
24 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exports - commodities
tobacco, nickel, liquor, zinc ore, precious metal ore (2023)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2011
$17.319 billion (2011 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2014
$17.812 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2015
$14.941 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2016
$13.690 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2017
$14.093 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2018
$14.53 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2019
$12.632 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2020
$8.768 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: exports of goods and services
43.5% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: government consumption
25.5% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption
73.3% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: imports of goods and services
-64.6% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in fixed capital
12.3% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in inventories
10% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture
1.3% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: industry
27.5% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: services
70% (2023 est.)
Economy: GDP (official exchange rate)
$259.781 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Imports - commodities
beer, poultry, rice, plastic products, soybean oil (2023)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2010
$10.556 billion (2010 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2015
$12.605 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2016
$11.226 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2017
$11.304 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2018
$12.567 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2019
$10.971 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2020
$8.067 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Industrial production growth rate
-0.9% (2023 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020
11.9% (2020 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021
151.9% (2021 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
76.1% (2022 est.)
Economy: Labor force
4.859 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2016
42.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$83.597 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$81.985 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$81.165 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2015
4.44% (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2016
0.51% (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2017
1.81% (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2018
2.25% (2018 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2019
-0.16% (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2020
-10.95% (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2021
1.25% (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2022
1.77% (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2023
-1.93% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024
-1.06% (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2022
$13,300 (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2023
$18,300 (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2019
1.71% (2019 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2020
2.23% (2020 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2021
2.11% (2021 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2022
1.83% (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2023
1.73% (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024
1.75% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): female
3.5% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): male
4.1% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total
3.9% (2024 est.)
Energy: Coal: consumption
1,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: exports
25 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: imports
8,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: biomass and waste
2.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels
95.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: hydroelectricity
0.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: solar
1.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: wind
0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: consumption
11.951 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: installed generating capacity
7.264 million kW (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: transmission/distribution losses
3.352 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023
26.07 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: consumption
850.133 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: production
850.133 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: proven reserves
70.792 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: crude oil estimated reserves
124 million barrels (2021 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption
118,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: total petroleum production
34,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from coal and metallurgical coke
16,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from consumed natural gas
1.58 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from petroleum and other liquids
18.12 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions
19.716 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Climate
tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October)
Environment: Environmental issues
soil degradation and desertification (brought on by poor farming techniques and natural disasters); biodiversity loss; deforestation; air and water pollution
Environment: International environmental agreements: party to
Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
Environment: International environmental agreements: signed, but not ratified
Marine Life Conservation
Environment: Land use: agricultural land
61.7% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 28% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 6.3% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 27.4% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: forest
34.9% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: other
3.5% (2023 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: agriculture
249.7 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: energy
23 kt (2022-2024 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: other
2.2 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: waste
146.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Particulate matter emissions
13.3 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Environment: Total renewable water resources
38.12 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: agricultural
4.519 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: industrial
740 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: municipal
1.7 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
0.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: urban population
77.17% (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually
2.693 million tons (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: percent of municipal solid waste recycled
25.7% (2022 est.)
Geography: Area - comparative
slightly smaller than Pennsylvania
Geography: Area: land
109,820 sq km
Geography: Area: water
1,040 sq km
Geography: Coastline
3,735 km
Geography: Elevation: highest point
Pico Turquino 1,974 m
Geography: Elevation: lowest point
Caribbean Sea 0 m
Geography: Elevation: mean elevation
108 m
Geography: Geographic coordinates
21 30 N, 80 00 W
Geography: Geography - note
largest country in Caribbean and westernmost island of the Greater Antilles
Geography: Irrigated land
8,700 sq km (2012)
Geography: Land boundaries: border countries
US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay 28.5 km
Geography: Land boundaries: total
28.5 km
Geography: Land use: agricultural land
61.7% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 28% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 6.3% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 27.4% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: forest
34.9% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: other
3.5% (2023 est.)
Geography: Map references
Central America and the Caribbean
Geography: Maritime claims: contiguous zone
24 nm
Geography: Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone
200 nm
Geography: Maritime claims: territorial sea
12 nm
Geography: Natural hazards
the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to November (in general, the country averages about one hurricane every other year); droughts are common
Geography: Population distribution
large population clusters found throughout the country, the more significant ones being in the larger towns and cities, particularly the capital of Havana
Geography: Terrain
mostly flat to rolling plains, with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast
Government: Administrative divisions
15 provinces ( provincias , singular - provincia ) and 1 special municipality* ( municipio especial ); Artemisa, Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana (Havana), Las Tunas, Matanzas, Mayabeque, Pinar del Río, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara
Government: Capital: daylight saving time
+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November; note - Cuba has been known to alter the schedule of DST on short notice in an attempt to conserve electricity for lighting
Government: Capital: etymology
Spanish soldier Diego VELAZQUEZ named the city San Cristobal de la Habana, or Saint Christopher of the Habana; "Habana" may have been the name of a local ethnic group, but the meaning of the word is unknown
Government: Capital: geographic coordinates
23 07 N, 82 21 W
Government: Capital: time difference
UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by birth
yes
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by descent only
yes
Government: Citizenship: dual citizenship recognized
no
Government: Citizenship: residency requirement for naturalization
unknown
Government: Constitution: amendment process
proposed by the National Assembly of People’s Power; passage requires approval of at least two-thirds majority of the National Assembly membership; amendments to constitutional articles on the authorities of the National Assembly, Council of State, or any rights and duties in the constitution also require approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on the Cuban political, social, and economic system cannot be amended
Government: Constitution: history
several previous; latest drafted 14 July 2018, approved by the National Assembly 22 December 2018, approved by referendum 24 February 2019
Government: Country name: conventional short form
Cuba
Government: Country name: etymology
the origin of the name is disputed; it could be derived from a local Taino word, either cubao , meaning "where fertile land is abundant," or coabana, meaning "great place"
Government: Country name: local long form
República de Cuba
Government: Country name: local short form
Cuba
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission
Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Mike HAMMER (since 14 November 2024)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: email address and website
acshavana@state.gov https://cu.usembassy.gov/
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy
Calzada between L & M Streets, Vedado, Havana
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: FAX
[53] (7) 839-4247
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: mailing address
3200 Havana Place, Washington DC 20521-3200
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: telephone
[53] (7) 839-4100
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery
2630 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission
Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Lianys TORRES RIVERA (since 14 January 2021)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: email address and website
recepcion@usadc.embacuba.cu https://misiones.cubaminrex.cu/en/usa/embassy-cuba-usa
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX
[1] (202) 797-8521
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: telephone
[1] (202) 797-8515
Government: Executive branch: cabinet
Council of Ministers proposed by the president and appointed by the National Assembly
Government: Executive branch: chief of state
President Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez (since 19 April 2018)
Government: Executive branch: election results
2023: Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez (PCC) reelected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 97.7%; Salvador Antonio VALDES Mesa (PCC) reelected vice president; percent of National Assembly vote - 93.4% 2018: Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez (PCC) elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 98.8%; Salvador Antonio VALDES Mesa (PCC) elected vice president; percent of National Assembly vote - 98.1%
Government: Executive branch: election/appointment process
president and vice president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term)
Government: Executive branch: expected date of next election
2028
Government: Executive branch: head of government
Prime Minister Manuel MARRERO Cruz (since 21 December 2019)
Government: Executive branch: most recent election date
19 April 2023
Government: Flag
description: five equal horizontal bands of blue (top, center, and bottom) alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the left side has a five-pointed white star in the center meaning: the blue bands stand for the islands' three former departments: Central, Occidental, and Oriental; the white bands for the purity of the independence ideal; the triangle for liberty, equality, and fraternity; the red color for the blood shed in the independence struggle; the white star, called "La Estrella Solitaria" (the Lone Star), lights the way to freedom and was inspired by the state flag of Texas
Government: International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Government: International organization participation
ACP, ACS, ALBA, AOSIS, CABEI, CELAC, EAEU (observer), FAO, G-77, IAEA, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS (excluded from formal participation since 1962), OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, PIF (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Government: Judicial branch: highest court(s)
People's Supreme Court (consists of court president, vice president, 41 professional justices, and NA lay judges); organization includes the State Council, criminal, civil, administrative, labor, crimes against the state, and military courts)
Government: Judicial branch: judge selection and term of office
professional judges elected by the National Assembly are not subject to a specific term; lay judges nominated by workplace collectives and neighborhood associations and elected by municipal or provincial assemblies; lay judges appointed for 5-year terms and serve up to 30 days per year
Government: Judicial branch: subordinate courts
People's Provincial Courts; People's Regional Courts; People's Courts
Government: Legal system
civil law system based on Spanish civil code
Government: Legislative branch: electoral system
other systems
Government: Legislative branch: expected date of next election
March 2028
Government: Legislative branch: legislative structure
unicameral
Government: Legislative branch: legislature name
National Assembly of the People's Power (Asamblea nacional del Poder popular)
Government: Legislative branch: most recent election date
3/26/2023
Government: Legislative branch: number of seats
470 (all directly elected)
Government: Legislative branch: percentage of women in chamber
55.7%
Government: Legislative branch: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch: term in office
5 years
Government: National anthem(s): history
adopted 1940; Pedro FIGUEREDO first performed it in 1868 during the Ten Years War against the Spanish; a leading figure in the uprising, FIGUEREDO was captured in 1870 and executed by a firing squad; just before being shot, he is said to have shouted, "Morir por la Patria es vivir" (To die for the country is to live), a line from the anthem
Government: National anthem(s): lyrics/music
Pedro FIGUEREDO
Government: National color(s)
red, white, blue
Government: National heritage: selected World Heritage Site locales
Old Havana (c); Trinidad and the Valley de los Ingenios (c); San Pedro de la Roca Castle (c); Desembarco del Granma National Park (n); Viñales Valley (c); Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations (c); Alejandro de Humboldt National Park (n); Historic Cienfuegos (c); Historic Camagüey (c)
Government: National heritage: total World Heritage Sites
9 (7 cultural, 2 natural)
Government: National holiday
Triumph of the Revolution (Liberation Day), 1 January (1959)
Government: National symbol(s)
royal palm
Government: Political parties
Cuban Communist Party or PCC
Government: Suffrage
16 years of age; universal
Introduction: Background
The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after the arrival of Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492, as the country was developed as a Spanish colony during the next several centuries. Large numbers of African slaves were imported to work the coffee and sugar plantations, and Havana became the launching point for the annual treasure fleets bound for Spain from Mexico and Peru. Spanish rule eventually provoked an independence movement, and occasional rebellions were harshly suppressed. US intervention during the Spanish-American War in 1898 assisted the Cubans in overthrowing Spanish rule. The Treaty of Paris established Cuban independence from Spain in 1898, and after three-and-a-half years of subsequent US military rule, Cuba became an independent republic in 1902. Cuba then experienced a string of governments mostly dominated by the military and corrupt politicians. Fidel CASTRO led a rebel army to victory in 1959; his authoritarian rule held the subsequent regime together for nearly five decades. He handed off the presidency to his younger brother Raul CASTRO in 2008. Cuba's communist revolution, with Soviet support, was exported throughout Latin America and Africa during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez, hand-picked by Raul CASTRO to succeed him, was approved as president by the National Assembly and took office in 2018. DIAZ-CANEL was appointed First Secretary of the Communist Party in 2021 after the retirement of Raul CASTRO and continues to serve as both president and first secretary. Cuba traditionally and consistently portrays the US embargo, in place since 1961, as the source of its socioeconomic difficulties. As a result of efforts begun in 2014 to reestablish diplomatic relations, the US and Cuba reopened embassies in their respective countries in 2015. The embargo remains in place, however, and the relationship between the US and Cuba remains tense. Illicit migration of Cuban nationals to the US via maritime and overland routes has been a longstanding challenge. In 2017, the US and Cuba signed a Joint Statement ending the so-called "wet-foot, dry-foot" policy, by which Cuban nationals who reached US soil were permitted to stay. Irregular Cuban maritime migration has dropped significantly since 2016, when migrant interdictions at sea topped 5,000, but land border crossings continue.
Military and Security: Military - note
the Cuban military is largely focused on protecting territorial integrity and the state; it perceives the US as its primary threat; the military is a central pillar of the Cuban regime and viewed as the guardian of the Cuban revolution; it has a large role in the country’s politics and economy; many senior government posts are held by military officers, and the FAR reportedly has interests in agriculture, banking and finance, construction, import/export, ports, industry, real estate, retail, shipping, transportation, and tourism (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security forces
Revolutionary Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias, FAR): Ground Troops (Tropas Terrestres), Revolutionary Navy (Marina de Guerra Revolucionaria, MGR), Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Forces (Defensas Anti-Aereas y Fuerza Aerea Revolucionaria, DAAFAR) Paramilitary forces under the FAR: Youth Labor Army (Ejercito Juvenil del Trabajo, EJT), Territorial Militia Troops (Milicia de Tropas de Territoriales, MTT), Defense and Production Brigades (Brigadas de Producción y Defensa, BPD), Civil Defense Organization (Defensa Civil de Cuba) Ministry of Interior: National Revolutionary Police (Policía Nacional Revolucionaria, PNR), Directorate of Border Guard Troops (Dirección de Tropas de Guardia Fronteriza, TGF), Department of State Security (Departamento de Seguridad del Estado, DSE) (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security service personnel strengths
limited available information; estimated 50,000 active Armed Forces (2025)
Military and Security: Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the military's inventory is comprised of Russian and Soviet-era equipment (2025)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2015
3.08% (2015 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2016
3.07% (2016 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2017
2.87% (2017 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2018
2.88% (2018 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2019
3.2% of GDP (2019 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2020
4.2% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military and Security: Military service age and obligation
military service is mandatory for all men and voluntary for women (ages 17-28); service obligation is 24 months with the Armed Forces or the Ministry of Interior; reserve commitment for men until age 45 (2025)
People and Society: Age structure: 0-14 years
16.3% (male 918,066/female 866,578)
People and Society: Age structure: 15-64 years
66.5% (male 3,670,531/female 3,623,658)
People and Society: Age structure: 65 years and over
17.2% (2024 est.) (male 852,910/female 1,034,295)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: beer
1.77 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: other alcohols
0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: spirits
2.69 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: total
4.7 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: wine
0.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Birth rate
7.78 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Child marriage: men married by age 18
5.9% (2019)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 15
4.8% (2019)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 18
29.4% (2019)
People and Society: Children under the age of 5 years underweight
2.4% (2019 est.)
People and Society: Current health expenditure
9.38% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Currently married women (ages 15-49)
58.6% (2019 est.)
People and Society: Death rate
11.42 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: elderly dependency ratio
27.6 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: potential support ratio
3.6 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio
50.2 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: youth dependency ratio
22.6 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: rural
rural: 91.8% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: total
total: 94.7% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: urban
urban: 95.5% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: rural
rural: 8.2% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: total
total: 5.3% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: urban
urban: 4.5% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP)
8.4% of GDP (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% national budget)
17% national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditures
8.44% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Ethnic groups
White 64.1%, Mulatto or mixed 26.6%, Black 9.3% (2012 est.)
People and Society: Gross reproduction rate
0.72 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
13.8% of GDP (2021)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
21% of national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
0.60% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Hospital bed density
4.3 beds/1,000 population (2023 est.)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: female
3.5 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: male
4.5 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: total
5.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
People and Society: Languages: Languages
Spanish (official)
People and Society: Languages: major-language sample(s)
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: female
80.7 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: male
75.9 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: female
96.3% (2019 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: male
99% (2019 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: total population
97.65% (2019 est.)
People and Society: Major urban areas - population
2.149 million HAVANA (capital) (2023)
People and Society: Maternal mortality ratio
35 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
People and Society: Median age: female
44.4 years
People and Society: Median age: male
41 years
People and Society: Nationality: adjective
Cuban
People and Society: Net migration rate
-2.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Obesity - adult prevalence rate
24.6% (2016)
People and Society: People - note
illicit emigration is a continuing problem; Cubans attempt to depart the island and enter the US using homemade rafts, alien smugglers, direct flights, or falsified visas; Cubans also use non-maritime routes to enter the US including direct flights to Miami and overland via the southwest border; the number of Cubans migrating to the US surged after the announcement of normalization of US-Cuban relations in late December 2014 but has decreased since the end of the so-called "wet-foot, dry-foot" policy on 12 January 2017
People and Society: Physician density
9.54 physicians/1,000 population (2021)
People and Society: Population
10,979,783 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population distribution
large population clusters found throughout the country, the more significant ones being in the larger towns and cities, particularly the capital of Havana
People and Society: Population growth rate
-0.6% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Population: female
5,108,904
People and Society: Population: male
4,950,615
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: rural
rural: 95.7% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: total
total: 97.8% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: urban
urban: 98.4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: rural
rural: 4.3% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: total
total: 2.2% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: urban
urban: 1.6% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): female
15 years (2023 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): male
13 years (2023 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total
14 years (2023 est.)
People and Society: Sex ratio: 0-14 years
1.06 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 15-64 years
1.01 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 65 years and over
0.82 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: at birth
1.06 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: total population
0.99 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: female
9% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: male
24.7% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: total
16.7% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Total fertility rate
1.45 children born/woman (2024 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
0.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: urban population
77.17% (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: IDPs
37,171 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees
171 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Trafficking in persons: tier rating
Tier 3 — Cuba does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so, therefore, Cuba remained on Tier 3; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/cuba/
Transportation: Airports
120 (2025)
Transportation: Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
CU
Transportation: Heliports
4 (2025)
Transportation: Merchant marine: by type
general cargo 13, oil tanker 10, other 42
Transportation: Merchant marine: total
65 (2023)
Transportation: Ports: key ports
Antilla, Bahai de la Habana, Bahia de Sagua de Tanamo, Cabanas, Casilda, Cienfuegos, Nuevitas Bay, Puerto Guantanamo, Santiago de Cuba
Transportation: Ports: large
6
Transportation: Ports: medium
3
Transportation: Ports: ports with oil terminals
14
Transportation: Ports: size unknown
9
Transportation: Ports: small
10
Transportation: Ports: total ports
34 (2024)
Transportation: Ports: very small
6
Transportation: Railways: narrow gauge
172 km (2017) 1.000-m gauge
Transportation: Railways: standard gauge
8,195 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge (124 km electrified)
Transportation: Railways: total
8,367 km (2017)
Warning: Some information might be outdated or incorrect, please check statistics before using(most of the economical stats are correct, its mostly the Population stats that are incorrect). Some dates are listed but some are missed, if you have any issues please report it to the Github at github.com.