Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
23 (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total
48.4 million (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadcast media
state-run Radiobras operates a radio and a TV network; more than 1,000 radio stations and more than 100 TV channels operating, mostly privately owned; private media ownership highly concentrated (2022)
Communications: Internet country code
.br
Communications: Internet users: percent of population
84.46% (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
11 (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions
22.5 million (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
102 (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions
216 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Agricultural products
sugarcane, soybeans, maize, milk, cassava, oranges, chicken, beef, rice, wheat (2023)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on alcohol and tobacco
1.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on food
16.2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: expenditures
$706.816 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: revenues
$556.303 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2013
-$88.384 billion (2013 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2014
-$110.493 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2015
-$63.409 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2016
-$30.529 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2017
-$25.264 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2018
-$53.818 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2019
-$63.960 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2020
-$24.223 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2021
-$39.398 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2022
-$42.157 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2023
-$27.933 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2024
-$61.194 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2022
$579.258 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2023
$198.582 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates
5.3889 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Currency
reals (BRL) per US dollar -
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2013
2.1561 (2013 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2014
2.3530 (2014 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2015
3.3269 (2015 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2016
3.4913 (2016 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2017
3.1914 (2017 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2018
3.6538 (2018 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2019
3.9445 (2019 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2020
5.1552 (2020 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2021
5.3944 (2021 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2022
5.1640 (2022 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2023
4.9944 (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2024
5.3889 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exports - commodities
soybeans, crude petroleum, iron ore, raw sugar, corn (2023)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2011
$303.017 billion (2011 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2014
$270.458 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2015
$232.489 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2016
$223.863 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2017
$258.331 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2018
$280.543 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2019
$264.563 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2020
$242.872 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2021
$319.251 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2022
$380.492 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2023
$389.192 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2024
$388.333 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: exports of goods and services
18% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: government consumption
18.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption
63.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: imports of goods and services
-17.5% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in fixed capital
17% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in inventories
-0.1% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture
5.6% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: industry
21.3% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: services
59.3% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - per capita (PPP)
$22,338 (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (official exchange rate)
$2.179 trillion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (purchasing power parity) - real
$4.736 trillion (2024 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015
51.9 (2015 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016
53.4 (2016 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017
53.3 (2017 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018
53.9 (2018 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019
53.5 (2019 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020
48.8 (2020 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021
52.9 (2021 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022
51.9 (2022 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2023
51.5 (2023 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2024
50.3 (2024 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%
40.8% (2023 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%
1.3% (2023 est.)
Economy: Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, fertilizers, crude petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, gas turbines (2023)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2010
$262.997 billion (2010 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2015
$253.273 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2016
$216.686 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2017
$243.511 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2018
$272.994 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2019
$276.635 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2020
$233.941 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2021
$309.853 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2022
$369.861 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2023
$340.195 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2024
$377.05 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Industrial production growth rate
3.3% (2024 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015
9.03% (2015 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016
8.74% (2016 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017
3.45% (2017 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018
3.66% (2018 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019
3.73% (2019 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020
3.21% (2020 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021
8.30% (2021 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
9.28% (2022 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
4.59% (2023 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
4.37% (2024 est.)
Economy: Labor force
106.79 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Population below poverty line
4.2% (2016 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2013
57.23% (2013 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2014
58.46% (2014 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2016
73.42% (2016 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2017
83.67% (2017 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2018
86.61% (2018 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2019
92.57% (2019 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2020
98.71% (2020 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2021
85.01% (2021 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2022
79.10% (2022 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2023
83.03% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014
$3.167 trillion (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015
$2.989 trillion (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016
$2.908 trillion (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017
$2.980 trillion (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019
$3.334 trillion (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020
$3.360 trillion (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021
$3.788 trillion (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$3.902 trillion (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$4.029 trillion (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$4.165 trillion (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2015
-3.55% (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2016
-3.28% (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2017
1.32% (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2018
1.78% (2018 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2019
1.22% (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2020
-3.28% (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2021
4.76% (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2022
3.02% (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2023
3.24% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024
3.42% (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2014
$15,827 (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2015
$14,821 (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2016
$14,309 (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2017
$14,559 (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2019
$16,070 (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2020
$16,102 (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2021
$18,076 (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2022
$19,877 (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2023
$21,176 (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2013
$2.718 billion (2013 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2014
$2.648 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2015
$2.897 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2020
$3.566 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2021
$4.102 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2022
0.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2023
0.2% of GDP (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2024
0.2% of GDP (2024 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2015
$356.465 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2016
$364.984 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2017
$373.956 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2018
$374.710 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2019
$356.886 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020
$355.614 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021
$362.210 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$324.673 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$355.021 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$329.732 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Taxes and other revenues
14% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2019
11.94% (2019 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2020
13.70% (2020 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2021
13.16% (2021 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2022
9.23% (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2023
7.95% (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024
6.80% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): female
20.9% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): male
15.7% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total
18% (2024 est.)
Energy: Coal: consumption
32.223 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: exports
5,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: imports
18.257 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: production
15.556 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: proven reserves
6.596 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - rural areas
97.3%
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - urban areas
100%
Energy: Electricity generation sources: biomass and waste
8.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels
8.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: hydroelectricity
60.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: nuclear
2.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: solar
6.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: wind
13.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: consumption
608.451 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: exports
7.186 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: imports
22.294 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: installed generating capacity
240.251 million kW (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: transmission/distribution losses
106.916 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023
48.889 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: consumption
29.065 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: exports
101.203 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: imports
6.356 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: production
22.702 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: proven reserves
363.985 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy: Nuclear energy: Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors
1.88GW (2025 est.)
Energy: Nuclear energy: Number of nuclear reactors under construction
1 (2025)
Energy: Nuclear energy: Number of operational nuclear reactors
2 (2025)
Energy: Nuclear energy: Percent of total electricity production
2.2% (2023 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: crude oil estimated reserves
12.715 billion barrels (2021 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption
3.163 million bbl/day (2023 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: total petroleum production
4.221 million bbl/day (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from coal and metallurgical coke
53.664 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from consumed natural gas
53.026 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from petroleum and other liquids
331.079 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions
437.769 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Climate
mostly tropical, but temperate in south
Environment: Environmental issues
deforestation in Amazon Basin; illegal wildlife trade; illegal poaching; air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and other large cities; land degradation and water pollution from mining; wetland degradation; oil spills
Environment: Geoparks: global geoparks and regional networks
Araripe; Cacapava; Quarta Colonia; Serido; Southern Canyons Pathways; Uberaba (2024)
Environment: Geoparks: total global geoparks and regional networks
6
Environment: International environmental agreements: party to
Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
Environment: International environmental agreements: signed, but not ratified
Marine Dumping-London Protocol
Environment: Land use: agricultural land
28.3% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 6.7% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.9% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 20.7% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: forest
58.9% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: other
12.7% (2023 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: agriculture
13,761.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: energy
1,759.1 kt (2022-2024 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: other
382.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: waste
3,361.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Particulate matter emissions
10.9 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Environment: Total renewable water resources
8.647 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: agricultural
41.336 billion cubic meters (2022)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: industrial
10.2 billion cubic meters (2022)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: municipal
16.397 billion cubic meters (2022)
Environment: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
0.87% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: urban population
87.90% (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually
79.07 million tons (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: percent of municipal solid waste recycled
2.8% (2022 est.)
Geography: Area - comparative
slightly smaller than the US
Geography: Area: land
8,358,140 sq km
Geography: Area: water
157,630 sq km
Geography: Coastline
7,491 km
Geography: Elevation: highest point
Pico da Neblina 2,994 m
Geography: Elevation: lowest point
Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Geography: Elevation: mean elevation
320 m
Geography: Geographic coordinates
10 00 S, 55 00 W
Geography: Geography - note
note 1: largest country in South America and in the Southern Hemisphere; shares common boundaries with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador; most of the Pantanal, the world's largest tropical wetland, extends through the west central part of the country; shares Iguaçu Falls (Iguazú Falls), the world's largest waterfalls system, with Argentina note 2: Rocas Atoll, located off the northeast coast of Brazil, is the only atoll in the South Atlantic
Geography: Irrigated land
91,833 sq km (2022)
Geography: Land boundaries: border countries
Argentina 1,263 km; Bolivia 3,403 km; Colombia 1,790 km; French Guiana 649 km; Guyana 1,308 km; Paraguay 1,371 km; Peru 2,659 km; Suriname 515 km; Uruguay 1,050 km; Venezuela 2,137 km
Geography: Land boundaries: total
16,145 km
Geography: Land use: agricultural land
28.3% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 6.7% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.9% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 20.7% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: forest
58.9% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: other
12.7% (2023 est.)
Geography: Major aquifers
Amazon Basin, Guarani Aquifer System, Maranhao Basin
Geography: Major lakes (area sq km): fresh water lake(s)
Lagoa dos Patos - 10,140 sq km
Geography: Major lakes (area sq km): salt water lake(s)
Lagoa Mirim (shared with Uruguay) - 2,970 sq km
Geography: Major rivers (by length in km)
Amazon river mouth (shared with Peru [s]) - 6,400 km; Río de la Plata/Paraná river source (shared with Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay [m]) - 4,880 km; Tocantins - 3,650 km; São Francisco - 3,180 km; Paraguay river source (shared with Argentina and Paraguay [m]) - 2,549 km; Rio Negro river mouth (shared with Colombia [s] and Venezuela) - 2,250 km; Uruguay river source (shared with Argentina and Uruguay [m]) - 1,610 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Geography: Major watersheds (area sq km): Atlantic Ocean drainage
Amazon (6,145,186 sq km), Orinoco (953,675 sq km), Paraná (2,582,704 sq km), São Francisco (617,814 sq km), Tocantins (764,213 sq km)
Geography: Map references
South America
Geography: Maritime claims: contiguous zone
24 nm
Geography: Maritime claims: continental shelf
200 nm or to edge of the continental margin
Geography: Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone
200 nm
Geography: Maritime claims: territorial sea
12 nm
Geography: Natural hazards
recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south
Geography: Population distribution
the vast majority of people live along or near the Atlantic coast in the east; the population core is in the southeast, anchored by the cities of São Paolo, Brasília, and Rio de Janeiro
Geography: Terrain
mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt
Government: Administrative divisions
26 states ( estados , singular - estado ) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal*, Espirito Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins
Government: Capital: etymology
the name is the Latinized form of the country name, bestowed on the new capital of Brazil in 1960; previous Brazilian capitals were Salvador (1549-1763) and Rio de Janeiro (1763 to 1960)
Government: Capital: geographic coordinates
15 47 S, 47 55 W
Government: Capital: time difference
UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Government: Capital: time zone note
Brazil has four time zones, including one for the Fernando de Noronha Islands
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by birth
yes
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by descent only
yes
Government: Citizenship: dual citizenship recognized
yes
Government: Citizenship: residency requirement for naturalization
4 years
Government: Constitution: amendment process
proposed by at least one third of either house of the National Congress, by the president of the republic, or by simple majority vote by more than half of the state legislative assemblies; passage requires at least three-fifths majority vote by both houses in each of two readings; constitutional provisions affecting the federal form of government, separation of powers, suffrage, or individual rights and guarantees cannot be amended
Government: Constitution: history
several previous; latest ratified 5 October 1988
Government: Country name: conventional short form
Brazil
Government: Country name: etymology
the country name derives from the brazil tree that used to grow plentifully along the coast of Brazil and that was used to produce a deep red dye
Government: Country name: local long form
República Federativa do Brasil
Government: Country name: local short form
Brasil
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: branch office(s)
Belo Horizonte
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission
Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Gabriel ESCOBAR (since 21 January 2025)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: consulate(s) general
Recife, Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: email address and website
BrasilliaACS@state.gov https://br.usembassy.gov/
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy
SES - Avenida das Nações, Quadra 801, Lote 03, 70403-900 - Brasília, DF
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: FAX
[55] (61) 3225-9136
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: mailing address
7500 Brasilia Place, Washington DC 20521-7500
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: telephone
[55] (61) 3312-7000
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery
3006 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Maria Luiza Ribeiro VIOTTI (since 30 June 2023)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s) general
Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Hartford (CT), Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Orlando, San Francisco
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: email address and website
contact.washington@itamaraty.gov.br https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/embaixada-washington
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX
[1] (202) 238-2827
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: telephone
[1] (202) 238-2700
Government: Executive branch: cabinet
Cabinet appointed by the president
Government: Executive branch: chief of state
President Luiz Inácio LULA da Silva (since 1 January 2023)
Government: Executive branch: election results
2022: Luiz Inácio LULA da Silva elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Luiz Inácio LULA da Silva (PT) 48.4%, Jair BOLSONARO (PSL) 43.2%, Simone Nassar TEBET (MDB) 4.2%, Ciro GOMES (PDT) 3%, other 1.2%; percent of vote in second round - Luiz Inácio LULA da Silva (PT) 50.9%, Jair BOLSONARO (PSL) 49.1% 2018: Jair BOLSONARO elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Jair BOLSONARO (PSL) 46%, Fernando HADDAD (PT) 29.3%, Ciro GOMEZ (PDT) 12.5%, Geraldo ALCKMIN (PSDB) 4.8%, other 7.4%; percent of vote in second round - Jair BOLSONARO (PSL) 55.1%, Fernando HADDAD (PT) 44.9%
Government: Executive branch: election/appointment process
president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 4-year term (eligible for a single consecutive term and additional terms after at least one term has elapsed)
Government: Executive branch: expected date of next election
4 October 2026
Government: Executive branch: head of government
President Luiz Inácio LULA da Silva (since 1 January 2023)
Government: Executive branch: most recent election date
2 October 2022, with runoff on 30 October 2022
Government: Flag
description: green with a large yellow diamond in the center, showing a blue celestial globe with 27 five-pointed white stars; the globe has a white equatorial band with the motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO (Order and Progress) meaning: green stands for the country's forests, and yellow for its mineral wealth, with the diamond representing the country's shape; the blue globe and stars depict the sky over Rio de Janeiro on the morning of 15 November 1889, the day the Republic of Brazil was declared; the number of stars has risen with the creation of new states, from 21 to 27 (one for each state and the Federal District) history: the flag was inspired by the former Empire of Brazil's flag (1822-1889)
Government: International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Government: International organization participation
AfDB (nonregional member), BIS, BRICS, CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, CPLP, FAO, FATF, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-5, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, LAS (observer), Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS, OECD (enhanced engagement), OPANAL, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, PROSUR, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Government: Judicial branch: highest court(s)
Supreme Federal Court or Supremo Tribunal Federal (consists of 11 justices)
Government: Judicial branch: judge selection and term of office
justices appointed by the president and approved by absolute majority by the Federal Senate; justices appointed to serve until mandatory retirement at age 75
Government: Judicial branch: subordinate courts
Tribunal of the Union, Federal Appeals Court, Superior Court of Justice, Superior Electoral Court, regional federal courts; state court system
Government: Legal system
civil law
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: chamber name
Chamber of Deputies (Cámara dos Deputados)
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: electoral system
proportional representation
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: expected date of next election
October 2026
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: most recent election date
10/2/2022
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: number of seats
513 (all directly elected)
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: parties elected and seats per party
Liberal Party (PL) (99); Workers' Party (PT) (69); Brazil Union (União) (59); Progressive Party (PP) (47); Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB) (42); Social Democratic Party (PSD) (42); Republicans (Republicanos) (40); Other (106)
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: percentage of women in chamber
18.1%
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch - lower chamber: term in office
4 years
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: chamber name
Federal Senate (Senado Federal)
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: electoral system
plurality/majority
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: expected date of next election
October 2026
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: most recent election date
10/2/2022
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: number of seats
81 (all directly elected)
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: parties elected and seats per party
Liberal Party (PL) (8); Brazil Union (União) (5); Workers' Party (PT) (4); Progressive Party (PP) (3); Social Democratic Party (PSD) (2); Republicans (Republicanos) (2); Other (3)
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: percentage of women in chamber
19.8%
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: scope of elections
partial renewal
Government: Legislative branch - upper chamber: term in office
8 years
Government: Legislative branch: legislative structure
bicameral
Government: Legislative branch: legislature name
National Congress (Congresso nacional)
Government: National anthem(s): history
music adopted 1890, lyrics adopted 1922; the anthem's music, composed in 1822, was used unofficially for many years
Government: National anthem(s): lyrics/music
Joaquim Osorio Duque ESTRADA/Francisco Manoel DA SILVA
Government: National color(s)
green, yellow, blue
Government: National heritage: selected World Heritage Site locales
Brasilia (c); Historic Salvador de Bahia (c); Historic Ouro Preto (c); Historic Center of the Town of Olinda (c); Iguaçu National Park (n); Jesuit Missions of the Guaranis (c); Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes (c); Central Amazon Conservation Complex (n); Atlantic Forest South-East Reserves (n); Historic Center of Salvador de Bahia (c); Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Congonhas (c ); Brasilia (c ); Serra da Capivara National Park (c ); Historic Center of Sao Luis( c); Discovery Coast Atlantic Forest Reserves (n); Historic Center of the Town of Diamantina (c ); Pantanal Conservation Area (n); Brazilian Atlantic Islands: Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves (n); Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks (n); Historic Centre of the Town of Goiás (c); São Francisco Square in the Town of São Cristóvão (c ); Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea (c ); Pampulha Modern Ensemble (c ); Valongo Wharf Archaeological Site (c ); Paraty and Ilha Grande – Culture and Biodiversity (m); Sítio Roberto Burle Marx (c ); Lençóis Maranhenses National Park (n);Peruaçu River Canyon (n)
Government: National heritage: total World Heritage Sites
24 (15 cultural, 9 natural, 1 mixed)
Government: National holiday
Independence Day, 7 September (1822)
Government: National symbol(s)
Southern Cross constellation
Government: Political parties
Act (Agir) (formerly Christian Labor Party or PTC) Avante (formerly Labor Party of Brazil or PTdoB) Brazil Union (União Brasil); note - founded from a merger between the Democrats (DEM) and the Social Liberal Party (PSL) Brazilian Communist Party or PCB Brazilian Democratic Movement or MDB Brazilian Labor Party or PTB Brazilian Renewal Labor Party or PRTB Brazilian Labor Party or PTB Brazilian Social Democracy Party or PSDB Brazilian Socialist Party or PSB Christian Democracy or DC (formerly Christian Social Democratic Party) Cidadania (formerly Popular Socialist Party or PPS) Communist Party of Brazil or PCdoB Democratic Labor Party or PDT Democratic Party or PSDC Democrats or DEM (formerly Liberal Front Party or PFL); note - dissolved in February 2022 Green Party or PV Liberal Party or PL [Valdemar Costa Neto] (formerly Party of the Republic or PR) National Mobilization Party or PMN New Party or NOVO Patriota (formerly National Ecologic Party or PEN) Podemos (formerly National Labor Party or PTN) Progressive Party (Progressistas) or PP Republican Social Order Party or PROS Republicans (Republicanos) (formerly Brazilian Republican Party or PRB) Social Christian Party or PSC Social Democratic Party or PSD Social Liberal Party or PSL Socialism and Freedom Party or PSOL Solidarity or SD Sustainability Network or REDE United Socialist Workers' Party or PSTU Workers' Cause Party or PCO Workers' Party or PT
Government: Suffrage
voluntary between 16 to 18 years of age, over 70, and if illiterate; compulsory between 18 to 70 years of age
Introduction: Background
After more than three centuries under Portuguese rule, Brazil gained its independence in 1822, maintaining a monarchical system of government until the abolition of slavery in 1888 and the subsequent proclamation of a republic by the military in 1889. Brazilian coffee exporters politically dominated the country until populist leader Getúlio VARGAS rose to power in 1930. VARGAS governed through various versions of democratic and authoritarian regimes from 1930 to 1945. Democratic rule returned in 1945 -- including a democratically elected VARGAS administration from 1951 to 1954 -- and lasted until 1964, when the military overthrew President João GOULART. The military regime censored journalists and repressed and tortured dissidents in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The dictatorship lasted until 1985, when the military regime peacefully ceded power to civilian rulers, and the Brazilian Congress passed its current constitution in 1988. By far the largest and most populous country in South America, Brazil continues to pursue industrial and agricultural growth and development of its interior. Having successfully weathered a period of global financial difficulty in the late 20th century, Brazil was soon seen as one of the world's strongest emerging markets and a contributor to global growth under President Luiz Inácio LULA da Silva (2003-2010). The awarding of the 2014 FIFA World Cup and 2016 Summer Olympic Games -- the first ever to be held in South America -- to Brazil was symbolic of the country's rise. However, from about 2013 to 2016, Brazil was plagued by a sagging economy, high unemployment, and high inflation, only emerging from recession in 2017. Congress removed then-President Dilma ROUSSEFF (2011-2016) from office in 2016 for having committed impeachable acts against Brazil's budgetary laws, and her vice president, Michel TEMER, served the remainder of her second term. A money-laundering investigation, Operation Lava Jato, uncovered a vast corruption scheme and prosecutors charged several high-profile Brazilian politicians with crimes. Former President LULA was convicted of accepting bribes and served jail time (2018-19), although his conviction was overturned in 2021. LULA's revival became complete in 2022 when he narrowly defeated incumbent Jair BOLSONARO (2019-2022) in the presidential election. Positioning Brazil as an independent global leader on climate change and promoting sustainable development, LULA took on the 2024 G20 presidency, balancing the fight against deforestation with sustainable energy and other projects designed to alleviate poverty and promote economic growth, such as expanding fossil fuel exploration.
Military and Security: Military - note
the Brazilian Armed Forces (BAF) are the second largest military in the Western Hemisphere behind the US; they are responsible for external security and protecting the country's sovereignty but also have an internal security role; the BAF’s missions include patrolling and protecting the country’s long borders and coastline and extensive territorial waters and river network, assisting with internal security, providing domestic disaster response and humanitarian assistance, and participating in multinational peacekeeping missions; it also cooperates with neighboring countries such as Argentina and Paraguay to combat cross-border smuggling and trafficking Brazil has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation the origins of Brazil's military stretch back to the 1640s; Brazil provided a 25,000-man expeditionary force with air and ground units to fight with the Allies in the Mediterranean Theater during World War II; the Navy participated in the Battle of the Atlantic (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security forces
Brazilian Armed Forces (Forças Armadas Brasileiras): Brazilian Army (Exercito Brasileiro, EB), Brazilian Navy (Marinha do Brasil; includes Naval Aviation (Aviacao Naval Brasileira) and Marine Corps (Corpo de Fuzileiros Navais)), Brazilian Air Force (Forca Aerea Brasileira) (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 360,000 active Armed Forces (220,000 Army; 70,000 Navy; 70,000 Air Force) (2025)
Military and Security: Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the Brazilian military's inventory consists of a mix of domestically produced and imported weapons, largely from Europe and the US; Brazil's defense industry designs and manufactures equipment for all three military services and for export; it also jointly produces equipment with other countries (2025)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2015
1.37% (2015 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2016
1.35% (2016 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2017
1.41% (2017 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2018
1.47% (2018 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2019
1.38% (2019 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2020
1.33% (2020 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2021
1.15% (2021 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2022
1.05% (2022 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2023
1.00% (2023 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2024
0.97% (2024 est.)
Military and Security: Military service age and obligation
18-45 years of age for compulsory military service for men (only 5-10% of those inducted are required to serve); compulsory service obligation is generally 12 months; 17-45 (18 for women) years of age for voluntary service (2025)
People and Society: Age structure: 0-14 years
19.6% (male 22,025,593/female 21,088,398)
People and Society: Age structure: 15-64 years
69.5% (male 75,889,089/female 77,118,722)
People and Society: Age structure: 65 years and over
10.9% (2024 est.) (male 10,251,809/female 13,677,901)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: beer
3.84 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: other alcohols
0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: spirits
2 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: total
6.12 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: wine
0.24 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Birth rate
13.04 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Children under the age of 5 years underweight
3.5% (2019 est.)
People and Society: Current health expenditure
9.73% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Currently married women (ages 15-49)
56.9% (2019 est.)
People and Society: Death rate
7.07 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: elderly dependency ratio
16.2 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: potential support ratio
6.2 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio
44.3 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: youth dependency ratio
28.1 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: rural
rural: 98% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: total
total: 99.6% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: urban
urban: 99.8% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: rural
rural: 2% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: total
total: 0.4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: urban
urban: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP)
5.6% of GDP (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% national budget)
12.9% national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditures
5.62% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Ethnic groups
mixed 45.3%, White 43.5%, Black 10.2%, Indigenous 0.6%, Asian 0.4% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Gross reproduction rate
0.84 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
9.9% of GDP (2021)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
9% of national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
0.70% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Hospital bed density
2.5 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: female
11.1 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: male
14.6 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: total
12.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
People and Society: Languages: Languages
Portuguese (official and most widely spoken language); less common languages include Spanish (border areas and schools), German, Italian, Japanese, English, and many minor Amerindian languages
People and Society: Languages: major-language sample(s)
O Livro de Fatos Mundiais, a fonte indispensável para informação básica. (Brazilian Portuguese) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: female
79.1 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: male
73.0 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: female
95.1% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: male
94.5% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: total population
94.74% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Major urban areas - population
22.620 million São Paulo, 13.728 million Rio de Janeiro, 6.248 million Belo Horizonte, 4.873 million BRASÍLIA (capital), 4.264 million Recife, 4.212 million Porto Alegre (2023)
People and Society: Maternal mortality ratio
67 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
People and Society: Median age: female
36.1 years
People and Society: Median age: male
34 years
People and Society: Nationality: adjective
Brazilian
People and Society: Net migration rate
-0.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Obesity - adult prevalence rate
22.1% (2016)
People and Society: Physician density
2.36 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
People and Society: Population
211,998,573 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population distribution
the vast majority of people live along or near the Atlantic coast in the east; the population core is in the southeast, anchored by the cities of São Paolo, Brasília, and Rio de Janeiro
People and Society: Population growth rate
0.58% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Population: female
112,605,855
People and Society: Population: male
108,753,532
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: rural
rural: 65% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: total
total: 91% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: urban
urban: 94.7% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: rural
rural: 35% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: total
total: 9% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: urban
urban: 5.3% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): female
17 years (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): male
15 years (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total
16 years (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sex ratio: 0-14 years
1.04 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 15-64 years
0.98 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 65 years and over
0.75 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: total population
0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: female
8.3% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: male
14.4% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: total
11.2% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Total fertility rate
1.61 children born/woman (2024 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
0.87% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: urban population
87.90% (2024 est.)
Space: Key space-program milestones
1960s - established a national space program under the Air Force 1984 - began satellite launch vehicle (SLV) program (Veículo Lançador de Satélites or VLS-1) 1985 - first communications satellite jointly produced with Canada and launched on European SLV 1993 - first domestically built experimental communications satellite (Satélite de Coleta de Dados, SCD-1) launched by US 2004 - launched a sounding rocket into sub-orbital space, but the subsequent catastrophic failure of a VLS-1 during a test launch led to scaling back the program 2006 - first Brazilian astronaut to the International Space Station on a Russian rocket 2008 - began work on a 3-stage microsatellite launch vehicle (Veículo Lançador de Microssatélite or VLM-1) in partnership with Germany 2021 - first independently produced remote sensing (RS) satellite (Amazonia-1) launched by India; signed US-led Artemis Accords on space exploration cooperation and signed cooperation agreements with the space agencies of China, India, Russia, and South Africa for the joint development of an RS satellite constellation 2022 - successfully launched suborbital rocket more than 225 km (140 miles) in height
Space: Space agency/agencies
Brazilian Space Agency (Agência Espacial Brasileira, AEB; established in 1994 when Brazil’s space program was transferred from the military to civilian control); National Institute for Space Research (INPE, under the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovations); Department of Aerospace Science and Technology (DCTA, under the Aeronautics Command (COMAER) of the Ministry of Defense) (2025)
Space: Space launch site(s)
Alcantara Launch Center (Maranhão state); Barreira do Inferno Launch Center (Rio Grande do Norte state) (2025)
Space: Space program overview
develops, builds, operates, and tracks satellites, including communications, remote sensing (RS), multi-mission, navigational, and scientific/testing/research; satellites are launched by foreign partners, but Brazil has a long-standing sounding (research) rocket and satellite launch vehicle (SLV) program and rocket launch facilities; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of Argentina, Canada, the ESA, individual ESA member states (particularly France and Germany), India, Japan, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, Ukraine, and the US; has a state-controlled communications company that operates Brazil’s communications satellites and a growing commercial space sector (2025)
Terrorism: Terrorist group(s)
Hizballah; Tren de Aragua (TdA)
Transnational Issues: Illicit drugs: USG identification
major precursor-chemical producer (2025)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: IDPs
19,043 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees
331,097 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: stateless persons
27 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Trafficking in persons: tier rating
Tier 2 Watch List — Brazil did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period and was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/brazil/
Transportation: Airports
5,297 (2025)
Transportation: Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
PP
Transportation: Heliports
1,871 (2025)
Transportation: Merchant marine: by type
bulk carrier 13, container ship 20, general cargo 38, oil tanker 27, other 790
Transportation: Merchant marine: total
888 (2023)
Transportation: Ports: key ports
Belem, DTSE/Gegua Oil Terminal, Itajai, Port de Salvador, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande, Santos, Tubarao, Vitoria
Transportation: Ports: large
4
Transportation: Ports: medium
7
Transportation: Ports: ports with oil terminals
31
Transportation: Ports: small
19
Transportation: Ports: total ports
45 (2024)
Transportation: Ports: very small
15
Transportation: Railways: broad gauge
5,822.3 km (2014) 1.600-m gauge (498.3 km electrified)
Transportation: Railways: dual gauge
492 km (2014) 1.600-1.000-m gauge
Transportation: Railways: narrow gauge
23,341.6 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge (24 km electrified)
Transportation: Railways: standard gauge
194 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge
Transportation: Railways: total
29,849.9 km (2014)
Warning: Some information might be outdated or incorrect, please check statistics before using(most of the economical stats are correct, its mostly the Population stats that are incorrect). Some dates are listed but some are missed, if you have any issues please report it to the Github at github.com.