Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
21 (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total
2.15 million (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadcast media
TV is the most popular medium; many homes are hooked up to satellite; all Azerbaijan-based channels promote government positions; state-owned AzTV runs three national channels, and state-funded iTV is a national public service broadcaster; 4 national privately-owned stations; Turkish, Russian, and western TV is available on cable; analog terrestrial TV was phased out in 2016-17; radio outlets focus on entertainment, with around a dozen stations on FM in Baku; newspaper distribution is largely limited to Baku (2023)
Communications: Internet country code
.az
Communications: Internet users: percent of population
90.80% (2025 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
13 (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions
1.33 million (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
110 (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions
11.3 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Agricultural products
milk, wheat, barley, potatoes, tomatoes, watermelons, onions, apples, maize, cotton (2023)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on alcohol and tobacco
2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Average household expenditures: on food
42.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: expenditures
$22.95 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Budget: revenues
$30.966 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2013
$12.232 billion (2013 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2014
$10.209 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2015
-$222.5 million (2015 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2016
-$1.363 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2017
$1.685 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2018
$5.975 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2019
$4.193 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2020
-$316.3 million (2020 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2021
$8.203 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2022
$23.478 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2023
$8.329 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2024
$4.671 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2022
$15.457 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2023
$12.378 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates
1.7000 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Currency
Azerbaijani manats (AZN) per US dollar -
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2013
0.784541 (2013 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2014
0.784347 (2014 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2015
1.0246 (2015 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2016
1.5957 (2016 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2017
1.7212 (2017 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2018
1.7000 (2018 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2019
1.7000 (2019 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2020
1.7000 (2020 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2021
1.7000 (2021 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2022
1.7000 (2022 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2023
1.7000 (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2024
1.7000 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exports - commodities
crude petroleum, natural gas, refined petroleum, plastics, electricity (2023)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2011
$37.215 billion (2011 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2014
$32.559 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2015
$20.060 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2016
$17.581 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2017
$19.840 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2018
$25.484 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2019
$23.630 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2020
$15.209 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2021
$25.488 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2022
$47.274 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2023
$35.487 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2024
$34.113 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: exports of goods and services
45.9% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: government consumption
14.4% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption
55.4% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: imports of goods and services
-36.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in fixed capital
16.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in inventories
4.3% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture
5.7% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: industry
42.6% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: services
42.3% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - per capita (PPP)
$25,089 (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (official exchange rate)
$74.316 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (purchasing power parity) - real
$255.979 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Imports - commodities
cars, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, garments (2023)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2010
$10.942 billion (2010 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2015
$18.474 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2016
$16.529 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2017
$17.105 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2018
$17.705 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2019
$17.712 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2020
$15.538 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2021
$16.337 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2022
$21.274 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2023
$25.016 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2024
$27.339 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Industrial production growth rate
2.1% (2024 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015
4.03% (2015 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016
12.44% (2016 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017
12.94% (2017 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018
2.27% (2018 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019
2.61% (2019 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020
2.76% (2020 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021
6.65% (2021 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
13.85% (2022 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
8.79% (2023 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
2.21% (2024 est.)
Economy: Labor force
5.02 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Population below poverty line
6.00% (2012 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2021
16.8% of GDP (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014
$167.470 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015
$145.466 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016
$141.838 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017
$141.070 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019
$167.158 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020
$153.048 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021
$203.884 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$213.497 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$216.388 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$225.198 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2015
1.05% (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2016
-3.06% (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2017
0.15% (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2018
1.50% (2018 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2019
2.48% (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2020
-4.20% (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2021
5.62% (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2022
4.71% (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2023
1.35% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024
4.07% (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2014
$17,564 (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2015
$15,075 (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2016
$14,536 (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2017
$14,316 (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2019
$16,675 (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2020
$15,164 (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2021
$20,111 (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2022
$22,552 (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2023
$23,652 (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2013
$1.733 billion (2013 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2014
$1.846 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2015
$1.270 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2020
$1.403 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2021
$1.527 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2022
5% of GDP (2022 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2023
2.6% of GDP (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2024
1.8% of GDP (2024 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2015
$7.071 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2016
$6.699 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2017
$7.026 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2018
$6.696 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2019
$7.069 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020
$7.775 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021
$8.290 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$11.338 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$13.749 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$12.699 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Taxes and other revenues
15.4% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2019
5.00% (2019 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2020
7.24% (2020 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2021
6.04% (2021 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2022
5.65% (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2023
5.64% (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024
5.65% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): female
15.3% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): male
12.3% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total
13.7% (2024 est.)
Energy: Coal: consumption
6,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: imports
10,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: biomass and waste
0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels
93.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: hydroelectricity
5.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: solar
0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: wind
0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: consumption
23.857 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: exports
3.246 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: imports
212 million kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: installed generating capacity
8.383 million kW (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: transmission/distribution losses
2.197 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023
66.467 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: consumption
12.703 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: exports
23.65 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: imports
2.173 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: production
35.775 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: proven reserves
1.699 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: crude oil estimated reserves
7 billion barrels (2021 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption
109,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: total petroleum production
618,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from coal and metallurgical coke
17,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from consumed natural gas
24.921 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from petroleum and other liquids
13.954 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions
38.892 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Climate
dry, semiarid steppe
Environment: Environmental issues
severe air, soil, and water pollution; soil pollution from oil spills, pesticides, and toxic defoliants used in producing cotton; surface and underground water pollution from untreated municipal and industrial wastewater and agricultural run-off
Environment: International environmental agreements: party to
Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
Environment: International environmental agreements: signed, but not ratified
none of the selected agreements
Environment: Land use: agricultural land
57.8% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 25.3% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 3.3% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 29.2% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: forest
14.4% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: other
27.7% (2023 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: agriculture
188.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: energy
268.8 kt (2022-2024 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: other
1 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Methane emissions: waste
93.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Environment: Particulate matter emissions
27.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Environment: Total renewable water resources
34.675 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: agricultural
11.962 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: industrial
598 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: municipal
408 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
1.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: urban population
58.57% (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually
2.93 million tons (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: percent of municipal solid waste recycled
14.4% (2022 est.)
Geography: Area - comparative
about three-quarters the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Maine
Geography: Area: land
82,629 sq km
Geography: Area: water
3,971 sq km
Geography: Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Geography: Elevation: highest point
Bazarduzu Dagi 4,466 m
Geography: Elevation: lowest point
Caspian Sea -28 m
Geography: Elevation: mean elevation
384 m
Geography: Geographic coordinates
40 30 N, 47 30 E
Geography: Geography - note
both the main area of the country and the Naxcivan exclave are landlocked
Geography: Irrigated land
14,693 sq km (2022)
Geography: Land boundaries: border countries
Armenia 996 km; Georgia 428 km; Iran 689 km; Russia 338 km; Turkey 17 km
Geography: Land boundaries: total
2,468 km
Geography: Land use: agricultural land
57.8% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 25.3% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 3.3% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 29.2% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: forest
14.4% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: other
27.7% (2023 est.)
Geography: Major lakes (area sq km): salt water lake(s)
Caspian Sea (shared with Iran, Russia, Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan) - 374,000 sq km
Geography: Map references
Asia
Geography: Maritime claims
none (landlocked)
Geography: Natural hazards
droughts
Geography: Population distribution
highest population density is found in the far eastern area of the country, in and around Baku; apart from smaller urbanized areas, the rest of the country has a fairly light and evenly distributed population
Geography: Terrain
large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland, much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) to the west; Baku lies on Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea
Government: Administrative divisions
66 districts ( rayonlar ; singular - rayon ), 11 cities (saharlar; sahar - singular) districts: Abseron, Agcabadi, Agdam, Agdas, Agstafa, Agsu, Astara, Babak, Balakan, Barda, Beylaqan, Bilasuvar, Cabrayil, Calilabad, Culfa, Daskasan, Fuzuli, Gadabay, Goranboy, Goycay, Goygol, Haciqabul, Imisli, Ismayilli, Kalbacar, Kangarli, Kurdamir, Lacin, Lankaran, Lerik, Masalli, Neftcala, Oguz, Ordubad, Qabala, Qax, Qazax, Qobustan, Quba, Qubadli, Qusar, Saatli, Sabirabad, Sabran, Sadarak, Sahbuz, Saki, Salyan, Samaxi, Samkir, Samux, Sarur, Siyazan, Susa, Tartar, Tovuz, Ucar, Xacmaz, Xizi, Xocali, Xocavand, Yardimli, Yevlax, Zangilan, Zaqatala, Zardab cities: Baku, Ganca, Lankaran, Mingacevir, Naftalan, Naxcivan (Nakhichevan), Saki, Sirvan, Sumqayit, Xankandi, Yevlax
Government: Capital: daylight saving time
does not observe daylight savings time
Government: Capital: etymology
the name may derive from the Old Persian word badkuba , meaning "windward" and referring to its windy location on the shore of the Caspian Sea
Government: Capital: geographic coordinates
40 23 N, 49 52 E
Government: Capital: time difference
UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by birth
yes
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by descent only
yes
Government: Citizenship: dual citizenship recognized
no
Government: Citizenship: residency requirement for naturalization
5 years
Government: Constitution: amendment process
proposed by the president of the republic or by at least 63 members of the National Assembly; passage requires at least 95 votes of Assembly members in two separate readings of the draft amendment six months apart and requires presidential approval after each of the two Assembly votes, followed by presidential signature; constitutional articles on the authority, sovereignty, and unity of the people cannot be amended
Government: Constitution: history
several previous; latest adopted 12 November 1995
Government: Country name: conventional short form
Azerbaijan
Government: Country name: etymology
the name can be translated as "Fire Keeper" or "The Land of Fire," from the local word azer , or "fire," and baydjan , a word derived from the Iranian word baykan , or "guardian;" may refer to fire worshippers who lived in the region
Government: Country name: former
Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
Government: Country name: local long form
Azarbaycan Respublikasi
Government: Country name: local short form
Azarbaycan
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission
Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Amy CARLON (since 23 June 2025)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: email address and website
BakuACS@state.gov https://az.usembassy.gov/
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy
111 Azadlig Avenue, AZ1007 Baku
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: FAX
[994] (12) 488-3330
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: mailing address
7050 Baku Place, Washington, DC 20521-7050
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: telephone
[994] (12) 488-3300
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery
2741 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Khazar IBRAHIM (since 15 September 2021)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s) general
Los Angeles
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: email address and website
azerbaijan@azembassy.us https://washington.mfa.gov.az/en
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX
[1] (202) 337-5911
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: telephone
[1] (202) 337-3500
Government: Executive branch: cabinet
Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly
Government: Executive branch: chief of state
President Ilham ALIYEV (since 31 October 2003)
Government: Executive branch: election results
2024: Ilham ALIYEV reelected president; percent of vote - Ilham ALIYEV (YAP) 92.1%, Zahid ORUJ (independent) 2.2% ; on 16 February 2024, Ali ASADOV reappointed prime minister by parliamentary vote, 105-1 2018: Ilham ALIYEV reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Ilham ALIYEV (YAP) 86%, Zahid ORUJ (independent) 3.1%, other 10.9%
Government: Executive branch: election/appointment process
president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds (if needed) for a 7-year term; a single individual is eligible for unlimited terms; prime minister and first deputy prime minister appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly
Government: Executive branch: expected date of next election
2031
Government: Executive branch: head of government
Prime Minister Ali ASADOV (since 8 October 2019)
Government: Executive branch: most recent election date
7 February 2024
Government: Flag
description: three equal horizontal bands of sky blue (top), red, and green; a vertical crescent moon and an eight-pointed star in white are centered in the red band meaning: the blue band stands for Azerbaijan's Turkic heritage, red for modernization and progress, and green for Islam; the crescent moon and star are a Turkic insignia; the eight star points represent the eight Turkic peoples of the world
Government: International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Government: International organization participation
ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CICA, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Government: Judicial branch: highest court(s)
Supreme Court (consists of the chairman, vice chairman, and 23 judges in plenum sessions and organized into civil, economic affairs, criminal, and rights violations chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)
Government: Judicial branch: judge selection and term of office
Supreme Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Milli Majlis; judges appointed for 10 years; Constitutional Court chairman and deputy chairman appointed by the president; other court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Milli Majlis to serve single 15-year terms
Government: Judicial branch: subordinate courts
Courts of Appeal (replaced the Economic Court in 2002); district and municipal courts
Government: Legal system
civil law system
Government: Legislative branch: electoral system
plurality/majority
Government: Legislative branch: expected date of next election
November 2029
Government: Legislative branch: legislative structure
unicameral
Government: Legislative branch: legislature name
National Assembly (Milli Majlis)
Government: Legislative branch: most recent election date
9/1/2024
Government: Legislative branch: number of seats
125 (all directly elected)
Government: Legislative branch: parties elected and seats per party
New Azerbaidjan Party (YAP) (68); Independents (44); Other (13)
Government: Legislative branch: percentage of women in chamber
20.8%
Government: Legislative branch: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch: term in office
5 years
Government: National anthem(s): history
adopted 1992; originally written in 1919 during a brief period of independence, but did not become the official anthem until after the dissolution of the Soviet Union
Government: National anthem(s): lyrics/music
Ahmed JAVAD/Uzeyir HAJIBEYOV
Government: National color(s)
blue, red, green
Government: National heritage: selected World Heritage Site locales
Walled City of Baku; Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape; Historic Center of Sheki; Cultural Landscape of Khinalig People and "Koc Yolu" Transhumance Route
Government: National heritage: total World Heritage Sites
5 (4 cultural, 1 natural)
Government: National holiday
Republic Day (founding of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan), 28 May (1918)
Government: National symbol(s)
flames of fire
Government: Political parties
Azerbaijan Hope Party or ÜMİD Azerbaijan Democratic Enlightenment Party or ADMP Azerbaijan National Independence Party or AMİP Civic Solidarity Party or VHP Democratic Reforms Party or DiP Great Order Party or BAP Justice, Law, Democracy Party or ƏHD Great Order Party or BQP Motherland Party or AVP National Front Party or MCP National Revival Movement Party or MDHP New Azerbaijan Party or YAP Republican Alternative Party or REAL Unity Party or VƏHDƏT
Government: Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Introduction: Background
Azerbaijan -- a secular nation with a majority-Turkic and majority-Shia Muslim population -- was briefly independent (from 1918 to 1920) following the collapse of the Russian Empire; it was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union for seven decades. Beginning in 1988, Azerbaijan and Armenia fought over the Nagorno-Karabakh region, which was populated largely by ethnic Armenians but incorporated into Soviet Azerbaijan as an autonomous oblast in the early 1920s. In the late Soviet period, an ethnic-Armenian separatist movement sought to end Azerbaijani control over the region. Fighting over Nagorno-Karabakh escalated after Armenia and Azerbaijan gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By the time a ceasefire took effect in 1994, separatists with Armenian support controlled Nagorno‑Karabakh and seven surrounding Azerbaijani territories. After decades of cease-fire violations and sporadic flare-ups, a second sustained conflict began in 2020 when Azerbaijan tried to win back the territories it had lost in the 1990s. After significant Azerbaijani gains, Armenia returned the southern part of Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding territories to Azerbaijan. In September 2023, Azerbaijan took military action to regain the rest of Nagorno-Karabakh; after a conflict that lasted only one day, nearly the entire ethnic Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh fled to Armenia. Since gaining its independence in 1991, Azerbaijan has significantly reduced the poverty rate and has directed some revenue from its oil and gas production to develop the country’s infrastructure. However, corruption remains a burden on the economy, and Western observers and members of the country’s political opposition have accused the government of authoritarianism. The country’s leadership has remained in the ALIYEV family since Heydar ALIYEV, the most highly ranked Azerbaijani member of the Communist Party during the Soviet period, became president during the first Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1993.
Military and Security: Military - note
the Azerbaijani military was established in 1991, although its origins go back to 1918; much of the military’s original equipment was acquired from former Soviet military forces that departed Azerbaijan by 1992; territorial defense is the military’s primary focus, particularly with regards to neighboring Armenia; a secondary focus is guarding against Iran; Armenia and Azerbaijan engaged in open conflicts over the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave in 1991-94 and 2020; tensions continued following the 2020 conflict, and Azerbaijan seized the entire enclave in 2023 key bilateral security relationships include Israel, Russia, and Turkiye; Azerbaijan's ties with Turkiye have included weapons transfers, technical advice, bilateral training exercises, and military support during its conflicts with Armenia; Azerbaijan is not part of NATO but has had a cooperative relationship with it dating back to when it joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1994 and has provided troops to NATO-led missions in Kosovo (1999-2008) and Afghanistan (2002-2014) (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security forces
Azerbaijan Armed Forces: Land Forces, Air Forces, Navy Forces, Special Forces, State Border Service, Coast Guard Ministry of Internal Affairs: Internal Troops, local police forces; Special State Protection Service (SSPS): National Guard (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security service personnel strengths
information varies widely; estimated 100,000 active Armed Forces personnel (2025)
Military and Security: Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
Baku has been actively upgrading the military's inventory for over a decade with equipment acquisitions from several sources, including Belarus, China, Israel, Russia, and Türkiye; while most of the military's equipment was once Soviet-era material, it now fields quantities of modern armaments, including armored vehicles, artillery systems, air defense systems, fighter aircraft, tanks, and UAVs (2025)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2015
5.46% (2015 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2016
3.69% (2016 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2017
3.76% (2017 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2018
3.55% (2018 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2019
3.85% (2019 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2020
5.24% (2020 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2021
4.93% (2021 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2022
3.80% (2022 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2023
4.92% (2023 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2024
4.99% (2024 est.)
Military and Security: Military service age and obligation
18-30 years of age for compulsory military service for men; 18-35 years of age voluntary/contractual service for men (18-40 for women volunteers); 18 months service for conscripts, 36 months for voluntary/contractual service (2025)
People and Society: Age structure: 0-14 years
22.3% (male 1,269,241/female 1,104,529)
People and Society: Age structure: 15-64 years
68.7% (male 3,659,441/female 3,656,493)
People and Society: Age structure: 65 years and over
9% (2024 est.) (male 401,551/female 558,984)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: beer
0.36 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: other alcohols
0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: spirits
0.94 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: total
1.38 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: wine
0.06 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Birth rate
11.13 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Children under the age of 5 years underweight
3% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Current health expenditure
4.27% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Currently married women (ages 15-49)
59.7% (2019 est.)
People and Society: Death rate
6.44 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: elderly dependency ratio
14 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: potential support ratio
7.1 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio
45.6 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: youth dependency ratio
31.6 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: rural
rural: 94.5% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: total
total: 97.6% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: rural
rural: 5.5% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: total
total: 2.4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP)
3.7% of GDP (2023 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% national budget)
11.9% national budget (2025 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditures
3.66% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Ethnic groups
Azerbaijani 94.8%, other 1.8%; less than 1%: Talish, Russian, Avar, Sakhur, Tartar, Georgian, Jewish, Kurd (2019 est.)
People and Society: Gross reproduction rate
0.79 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
4.7% of GDP (2021)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
4.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
0.10% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Hospital bed density
3.7 beds/1,000 population (2023 est.)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: female
9 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: male
12.6 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: total
12.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
People and Society: Languages: Languages
Azerbaijani 96.1%, other 1.4%; less than 1%: Russian, Avar, Talyshi, Turkish, Tatar, Sakhur, Tat, Ukrainian, Georgian, Hebrew (2019 est.)
People and Society: Languages: major-language sample(s)
Dünya fakt kitabı, əsas məlumatlar üçün əvəz olunmaz mənbədir (Azerbaijani) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: female
77.3 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: male
71.7 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: female
99.7% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: male
99.8% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: total population
99.78% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Major urban areas - population
2.432 million BAKU (capital) (2023)
People and Society: Maternal mortality ratio
18 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
People and Society: Median age: female
36 years
People and Society: Median age: male
32.8 years
People and Society: Mother's mean age at first birth
24 years (2019 est.)
People and Society: Nationality: adjective
Azerbaijani
People and Society: Net migration rate
-0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Obesity - adult prevalence rate
19.9% (2016)
People and Society: Physician density
3.19 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
People and Society: Population
10,202,830 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population distribution
highest population density is found in the far eastern area of the country, in and around Baku; apart from smaller urbanized areas, the rest of the country has a fairly light and evenly distributed population
People and Society: Population growth rate
0.48% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population: female
5,339,994
People and Society: Population: male
5,354,376
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): female
13 years (2023 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): male
13 years (2023 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total
13 years (2023 est.)
People and Society: Sex ratio: 0-14 years
1.15 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 15-64 years
1 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 65 years and over
0.72 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: at birth
1.15 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: total population
1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: female
0.1% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: male
37.9% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: total
18.4% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Total fertility rate
1.43 children born/woman (2024 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
1.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: urban population
58.57% (2024 est.)
Space: Key space-program milestones
2013 - first communications satellite (Azerspace-1) built by US company and launched on European rocket 2014 - took operational control over remote sensing (RS) satellite (SPOT-7, now Azersky) from a French company (satellite ceased operations in 2023) 2017 - second communications satellite (Azerspace-2) built by US company and launched on European rocket 2023 - agreed to participate in China's International Lunar Research Station Cooperation project, which aims to establish a base on the Moon in the 2030s; signed agreement with Israel to jointly develop two multi-spectral RS satellites (Azersky-2 program) for scheduled launches in 2026 and 2028 (2025)
Space: Space agency/agencies
Space Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azercosmos; established 2010 as a state-owned satellite operating company); Azerbaijan National Aerospace Agency (NASA; Azərbaycan Milli Aerokosmik Agentliyi, MAKA; established 1992; since 2006, has operated under the Ministry of Defense Industry) (2025)
Space: Space program overview
largely focused on the acquisition and operation of satellites; operates foreign-built communications and remote sensing (RS) satellites; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of China, the ESA (bilaterally with individual member states such as France), Israel, Russia, Turkey, and the US; Azercosmos is the largest satellite operator in the Caucasus region (2025)
Terrorism: Terrorist group(s)
Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)/Qods Force
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: IDPs
657,996 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees
6,698 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: stateless persons
271 (2024 est.)
Transportation: Airports
32 (2025)
Transportation: Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
4K
Transportation: Heliports
5 (2025)
Transportation: Merchant marine: by type
general cargo 40, oil tanker 44, other 228
Transportation: Merchant marine: total
312 (2023)
Transportation: Railways: broad gauge
2,944.3 km (2017) 1.520-m gauge (approx. 1,767 km electrified)
Transportation: Railways: total
2,944.3 km (2017)
Warning: Some information might be outdated or incorrect, please check statistics before using(most of the economical stats are correct, its mostly the Population stats that are incorrect). Some dates are listed but some are missed, if you have any issues please report it to the Github at github.com.