Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
19 (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total
546,000 (2023 est.)
Communications: Broadcast media
government-run Public Television network operates alongside 100 privately owned TV stations that provide local to near-nationwide coverage; three Russian TV companies are broadcast under interstate agreements; subscription cable TV services are available in most regions; several major international broadcasters are available, including CNN; Armenian TV completed conversion from analog to digital broadcasting in 2016; Public Radio of Armenia is a national, state-run broadcast network that operates alongside 18 privately owned radio stations (2024)
Communications: Internet country code
.am
Communications: Internet users: percent of population
81.34% (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
10 (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions
297,000 (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
135 (2024 est.)
Communications: Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions
4.01 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Agricultural products
milk, potatoes, grapes, vegetables, wheat, tomatoes, watermelons, apricots, apples, barley (2023)
Economy: Budget: expenditures
$6.27 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Budget: revenues
$5.812 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2013
-$813.7 million (2013 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2014
-$901.8 million (2014 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2015
-$280.9 million (2015 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2016
-$100.9 million (2016 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2017
-$145.3 million (2017 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2018
-$900.5 million (2018 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2019
-$961.1 million (2019 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2020
-$505.4 million (2020 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2021
-$471.4 million (2021 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2022
$64.725 million (2022 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2023
-$556.329 million (2023 est.)
Economy: Current account balance: Current account balance 2024
-$997.086 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2022
$15.931 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Debt - external: Debt - external 2023
$6.002 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates
392.730 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Currency
drams (AMD) per US dollar -
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2013
409.626 (2013 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2014
415.920 (2014 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2015
477.918 (2015 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2016
480.488 (2016 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2017
482.716 (2017 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2018
482.988 (2018 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2019
480.445 (2019 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2020
489.009 (2020 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2021
503.770 (2021 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2022
435.666 (2022 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2023
392.476 (2023 est.)
Economy: Exchange rates: Exchange rates 2024
392.730 (2024 est.)
Economy: Exports - commodities
gold, diamonds, copper ore, broadcasting equipment, jewelry (2023)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2011
$2.284 billion (2011 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2014
$3.316 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2015
$3.137 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2016
$3.559 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2017
$4.405 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2018
$4.908 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2019
$5.756 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2020
$3.802 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2021
$4.950 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2022
$10.118 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2023
$14.338 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Exports: Exports 2024
$18.618 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: exports of goods and services
76.3% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: government consumption
10.7% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption
66.5% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: imports of goods and services
-75.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in fixed capital
21.7% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by end use: investment in inventories
0.5% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture
7.9% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: industry
23.2% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: services
61.5% (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP - per capita (PPP)
$22,823 (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (official exchange rate)
$25.787 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: GDP (purchasing power parity) - real
$69.234 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015
32.4 (2015 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016
32.5 (2016 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017
33.6 (2017 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018
34.4 (2018 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019
30.0 (2019 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020
25.1 (2020 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021
27.9 (2021 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022
27.9 (2022 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2023
27.2 (2023 est.)
Economy: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2024
27.4 (2024 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%
22.9% (2023 est.)
Economy: Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%
4% (2023 est.)
Economy: Imports - commodities
cars, gold, diamonds, broadcasting equipment, natural gas (2023)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2010
$4.157 billion (2010 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2015
$4.428 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2016
$4.465 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2017
$5.647 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2018
$6.613 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2019
$7.570 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2020
$5.062 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2021
$6.048 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2022
$10.265 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2023
$14.532 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Imports: Imports 2024
$19.087 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Industrial production growth rate
6.2% (2024 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015
3.73% (2015 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016
-1.40% (2016 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017
0.97% (2017 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018
2.52% (2018 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019
1.44% (2019 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020
1.21% (2020 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021
7.18% (2021 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
8.64% (2022 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
1.98% (2023 est.)
Economy: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
0.27% (2024 est.)
Economy: Labor force
1.51 million (2024 est.)
Economy: Population below poverty line
21.70% (2024 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2019
50.03% (2019 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2020
63.40% (2020 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2021
60.08% (2021 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2022
46.55% (2022 est.)
Economy: Public debt: Public debt 2023
48.06% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014
$29.343 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015
$29.315 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016
$31.629 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017
$35.949 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019
$44.366 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020
$43.553 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021
$47.165 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$53.108 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$57.516 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$60.909 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2015
3.20% (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2016
0.20% (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2017
7.50% (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2018
5.20% (2018 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2019
7.60% (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2020
-7.20% (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2021
5.80% (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2022
12.60% (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2023
8.30% (2023 est.)
Economy: Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2024
5.90% (2024 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2014
$9,736 (2014 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2015
$9,757 (2015 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2016
$10,570 (2016 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2017
$12,066 (2017 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2019
$14,976 (2019 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2020
$14,706 (2020 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2021
$15,922 (2021 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2022
$19,161 (2022 est.)
Economy: Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2023
$21,534 (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2013
$2.192 billion (2013 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2014
$2.079 billion (2014 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2015
$1.491 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2020
$1.327 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2021
$1.557 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2022
10.4% of GDP (2022 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2023
6% of GDP (2023 est.)
Economy: Remittances: Remittances 2024
4.6% of GDP (2024 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2015
$1.775 billion (2015 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2016
$2.204 billion (2016 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2017
$2.314 billion (2017 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2018
$2.259 billion (2018 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2019
$2.850 billion (2019 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020
$2.616 billion (2020 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021
$3.230 billion (2021 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$4.112 billion (2022 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$3.607 billion (2023 est.)
Economy: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$3.685 billion (2024 est.)
Economy: Taxes and other revenues
22.5% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2019
18.30% (2019 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2020
18.18% (2020 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2021
15.47% (2021 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2022
13.45% (2022 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2023
12.40% (2023 est.)
Economy: Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2024
12.40% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): female
27.9% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): male
24.8% (2024 est.)
Economy: Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total
26.2% (2024 est.)
Energy: Coal: consumption
19,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: exports
24 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: imports
23,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: production
300 metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Coal: proven reserves
317 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity access: electrification - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels
43% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: hydroelectricity
19% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: nuclear
29% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity generation sources: solar
8.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: consumption
7.012 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: exports
1.3 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: imports
194.045 million kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: installed generating capacity
4.265 million kW (2023 est.)
Energy: Electricity: transmission/distribution losses
530.327 million kWh (2023 est.)
Energy: Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023
54.689 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: consumption
2.631 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Natural gas: imports
2.631 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy: Nuclear energy: Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors
0.42GW (2025 est.)
Energy: Nuclear energy: Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down
1 (2025)
Energy: Nuclear energy: Number of operational nuclear reactors
1 (2025)
Energy: Nuclear energy: Percent of total electricity production
31.1% (2023 est.)
Energy: Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption
15,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from coal and metallurgical coke
48,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from consumed natural gas
5.162 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: from petroleum and other liquids
1.934 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions
7.144 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Environment: Climate
highland continental, hot summers, cold winters
Environment: Environmental issues
soil pollution from toxic chemicals; deforestation; river pollution; threats to drinking water supplies from use of hydropower; nuclear power plant located in earthquake zone
Environment: International environmental agreements: party to
Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
Environment: International environmental agreements: signed, but not ratified
Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Environment: Land use: agricultural land
58.6% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 15.7% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 2.2% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 41.5% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: forest
11.8% (2023 est.)
Environment: Land use: other
13.5% (2023 est.)
Environment: Particulate matter emissions
28.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Environment: Total renewable water resources
7.769 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: agricultural
2.38 billion cubic meters (2022)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: industrial
150 million cubic meters (2022)
Environment: Total water withdrawal: municipal
542 million cubic meters (2022)
Environment: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
0.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment: Urbanization: urban population
65.81% (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually
492,800 tons (2024 est.)
Environment: Waste and recycling: percent of municipal solid waste recycled
13.5% (2022 est.)
Geography: Area - comparative
slightly smaller than Maryland
Geography: Area: land
28,203 sq km
Geography: Area: water
1,540 sq km
Geography: Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Geography: Elevation: highest point
Aragats Lerrnagagat' 4,090 m
Geography: Elevation: lowest point
Debed River 400 m
Geography: Elevation: mean elevation
1,792 m
Geography: Geographic coordinates
40 00 N, 45 00 E
Geography: Geography - note
landlocked in the Lesser Caucasus Mountains; Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan) is the largest lake in this mountain range
Geography: Irrigated land
1,559 sq km (2022)
Geography: Land boundaries: border countries
Azerbaijan 996 km; Georgia 219 km; Iran 44 km; Turkey 311 km
Geography: Land boundaries: total
1,570 km
Geography: Land use: agricultural land
58.6% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 15.7% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 2.2% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 41.5% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: forest
11.8% (2023 est.)
Geography: Land use: other
13.5% (2023 est.)
Geography: Major lakes (area sq km): fresh water lake(s)
Lake Sevan - 1,360 sq km
Geography: Map references
Asia
Geography: Maritime claims
none (landlocked)
Geography: Natural hazards
occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts
Geography: Population distribution
most of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the capital of Yerevan is home to more than five times as many people as Gyumri, the second-largest city in the country
Geography: Terrain
Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley
Government: Administrative divisions
11 provinces ( marzer , singular - marz ); Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir, Geghark'unik', Kotayk', Lorri, Shirak, Syunik', Tavush, Vayots' Dzor, Yerevan
Government: Capital: etymology
name origin is unclear; it may derive from the name of a local ethnic group, or from the ancient fortress of Erebuni that was built on the current site of Yerevan in 782 B.C.
Government: Capital: geographic coordinates
40 10 N, 44 30 E
Government: Capital: time difference
UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by birth
no
Government: Citizenship: citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of Armenia
Government: Citizenship: dual citizenship recognized
yes
Government: Citizenship: residency requirement for naturalization
3 years
Government: Constitution: amendment process
proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; passage requires approval by the president, the National Assembly, and a referendum with at least 25% registered-voter participation and more than 50% of votes; constitutional articles on the form of government and democratic procedures are not amendable
Government: Constitution: history
previous 1915, 1978; latest adopted 5 July 1995
Government: Country name: conventional short form
Armenia
Government: Country name: etymology
the etymology of the country's name remains obscure; according to tradition, the local name for the country, Hayastan, comes from Hayk, the legendary patriarch of the Armenians and the great-great-grandson of Noah; the name Armenia was first recorded in a rock inscription from A.D. 521 in modern-day Iran
Government: Country name: former
Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenian Republic
Government: Country name: local long form
Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun
Government: Country name: local short form
Hayastan
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Kristina A. KVIEN (since 21 February 2023)
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: email address and website
acsyerevan@state.gov https://am.usembassy.gov/
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy
1 American Ave., Yerevan 0082
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: FAX
[374] (10) 464-742
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: mailing address
7020 Yerevan Place, Washington, DC 20521-7020
Government: Diplomatic representation from the US: telephone
[374] (10) 464-700
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery
2225 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission
Ambassador Narek MKRTCHYAN (since 19 September 2025)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s) general
Glendale (CA)
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: email address and website
armembassyusa@mfa.am https://usa.mfa.am/en/
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX
[1] (202) 319-2982
Government: Diplomatic representation in the US: telephone
[1] (202) 319-1976
Government: Executive branch: cabinet
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
Government: Executive branch: chief of state
President Vahagn KHACHATURYAN (since 13 March 2022)
Government: Executive branch: election results
2022: Vahagn KHACHATURYAN elected president in second round; note - Vahagn KHACHATURYAN (independent) ran unopposed and won the Assembly vote 71-0 2018: Armen SARKISSIAN elected president in first round; note - Armen SARKISSIAN (indpendent) ran unopposed and won the Assembly vote 90-10
Government: Executive branch: election/appointment process
president indirectly elected by the National Assembly in 3 rounds, if needed, for a single 7-year term; prime minister indirectly elected by majority vote in two rounds, if needed, by the National Assembly
Government: Executive branch: expected date of next election
2029
Government: Executive branch: head of government
Prime Minister Nikol PASHINYAN (since 10 September 2021)
Government: Executive branch: most recent election date
3 March 2022
Government: Flag
description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and orange meaning: red stands for the blood shed for liberty, blue for the Armenian skies and hope, and orange for the land and the courage of the workers who farm it
Government: International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Government: International organization participation
ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CIS, CSTO, EAEC (observer), EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Government: Judicial branch: highest court(s)
Court of Cassation or Appeals Court (consists of the Criminal Chamber with a chairman and 5 judges and the Civil and Administrative Chamber with a chairman and 10 judges – with both civil and administrative specializations); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)
Government: Judicial branch: judge selection and term of office
Court of Cassation judges nominated by the Supreme Judicial Council, a 10-member body of selected judges and legal scholars; judges appointed by the president; judges can serve until age 65; Constitutional Court judges - 4 appointed by the president, and 5 elected by the National Assembly; judges can serve until age 70
Government: Judicial branch: subordinate courts
criminal and civil appellate courts; administrative appellate court; first instance courts; specialized administrative and bankruptcy courts
Government: Legal system
civil law system
Government: Legislative branch: electoral system
proportional representation
Government: Legislative branch: expected date of next election
June 2026
Government: Legislative branch: legislative structure
unicameral
Government: Legislative branch: legislature name
National Assembly (Azgayin Zhoghov)
Government: Legislative branch: most recent election date
6/20/2021
Government: Legislative branch: number of seats
107 (all directly elected)
Government: Legislative branch: parties elected and seats per party
Civil Contract Party (71); Armenia Alliance (29); I Have the Honour Alliance (7)
Government: Legislative branch: percentage of women in chamber
38.3%
Government: Legislative branch: scope of elections
full renewal
Government: Legislative branch: term in office
5 years
Government: National anthem(s): history
adopted 1991; based on the anthem of the Democratic Republic of Armenia (1918-1922), but with different lyrics
Government: National anthem(s): lyrics/music
Mikael NALBANDIAN/Barsegh KANACHYAN
Government: National color(s)
red, blue, orange
Government: National heritage: selected World Heritage Site locales
Monasteries of Haghpat and Sanahin; Monastery of Geghard and the Upper Azat Valley; Cathedral and Churches of Echmiatsin
Government: National heritage: total World Heritage Sites
3 (3 cultural)
Government: National holiday
Independence Day, 21 September (1991)
Government: National symbol(s)
Mount Ararat, eagle, lion
Government: Political parties
Armenia Alliance or HD Armenian National Congress or ANC Bright Armenia or BA Civil Contract or KP Hanrapetutyun Party or HP Heritage I Have Honor Alliance (formerly known as the Republican Party of Armenia) PUD Orinats Yerkir or OY Prosperous Armenia or PAP
Government: Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Introduction: Background
Armenia prides itself on being the first state to formally adopt Christianity (early 4th century). Armenia has existed as a political entity for centuries, but for much of its history it was under the sway of various empires, including the Roman, Byzantine, Arab, Persian, Ottoman, and Russian. During World War I, the Ottoman Empire instituted a policy of forced resettlement that, coupled with other harsh practices targeting its Armenian subjects, resulted in at least 1 million deaths; these actions have been widely recognized as constituting genocide. During the early 19th century, significant Armenian populations fell under Russian rule. Armenia declared its independence in 1918 in the wake of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, but it was conquered by the Soviet Red Army in 1920. Armenia, along with Azerbaijan and Georgia, was initially incorporated into the USSR as part of the Transcaucasian Federated Soviet Socialist Republic; in 1936, the republic was separated into its three constituent entities, which were maintained until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. For over three decades, Armenia had a longstanding conflict with neighboring Azerbaijan about the status of the Nagorno-Karabakh region, which historically had a mixed Armenian and Azerbaijani population, although ethnic Armenians have constituted the majority since the late 19th century. In 1921, Moscow placed Nagorno-Karabakh within Soviet Azerbaijan as an autonomous oblast. In the late Soviet period, a separatist movement developed that sought to end Azerbaijani control over the region. Fighting over Nagorno-Karabakh began in 1988 and escalated after Armenia and Azerbaijan declared independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By the time a cease-fire took effect in 1994, separatists with Armenian support controlled Nagorno‑Karabakh and seven surrounding Azerbaijani territories. Armenia and Azerbaijan engaged in a second military conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh in 2020; Armenia lost control over much of the territory it had previously captured, returning the southern part of Nagorno-Karabakh and the territories around it to Azerbaijan. In September 2023, Azerbaijan took military action to regain control over Nagorno-Karabakh; after an armed conflict that lasted only one day, nearly the entire ethnic Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh fled to Armenia. Turkey closed its border with Armenia in 1993 in support of Azerbaijan during the first period of conflict with Armenia and has since maintained a closed border, leaving Armenia with closed borders both in the west (with Turkey) and east (with Azerbaijan). Armenia and Turkey engaged in intensive diplomacy to normalize relations and open the border in 2009, but the signed agreement was not ratified in either country. In 2015, Armenia joined the Eurasian Economic Union alongside Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. In 2017, Armenia signed a Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with the EU. In 2018, former President of Armenia (2008-18) Serzh SARGSIAN of the Republican Party of Armenia (RPA) tried to extend his time in power, prompting protests that became known as the “Velvet Revolution.” After SARGSIAN resigned, the National Assembly elected the leader of the protests, Civil Contract party chief Nikol PASHINYAN, as the new prime minister. PASHINYAN’s party has prevailed in subsequent legislative elections, most recently in 2021.
Military and Security: Military - note
the Armenian Armed Forces were officially established in 1992, although their origins go back to 1918; the modern military’s missions include deterrence, territorial defense, crisis management, humanitarian assistance, and disaster response, as well as socio-economic development projects; territorial defense is its primary focus, particularly in regards to tensions with neighboring Azerbaijan; Armenia and Azerbaijan engaged in open conflicts over the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh enclave in 1991-94 and 2020; Azerbaijan seized the entire enclave in 2023 Armenia has traditionally had close military ties with Russia; it has been a member of the Russian-led Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and committed troops to CSTO's rapid reaction force until suspending its engagement in 2024; Armenia has relations with NATO going back to 1992 when Armenia joined the North Atlantic Cooperation Council; in 1994, it joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program and has contributed to the NATO force in Kosovo, as well as the former NATO deployment in Afghanistan (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security forces
Armenian Republic Armed Forces: Armenian Army (includes land, air, air defense forces) (2025)
Military and Security: Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 40-50,000 active Armenian Armed Forces (2025)
Military and Security: Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the military's inventory includes mostly Russian and Soviet-era equipment; in recent years however, Armenia has looked to other countries besides Russia to provide military hardware, including France and India (2025)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2015
4.24% (2015 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2016
4.09% (2016 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2017
3.85% (2017 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2018
4.12% (2018 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2019
4.79% (2019 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2020
4.98% (2020 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2021
4.47% (2021 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2022
4.08% (2022 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2023
5.51% (2023 est.)
Military and Security: Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2024
5.48% (2024 est.)
Military and Security: Military service age and obligation
18-27 for voluntary (men and women), contract (men and women) or compulsory (men) military service; contract military service is 3-12 months or up to 5 years; conscripts serve 24 months; all citizens aged 27-50 are registered in the military reserve and may be called to serve if mobilization is declared (2025)
People and Society: Age structure: 0-14 years
17.7% (male 275,589/female 250,630)
People and Society: Age structure: 15-64 years
67% (male 991,490/female 1,004,101)
People and Society: Age structure: 65 years and over
15.3% (2024 est.) (male 189,336/female 265,619)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: beer
0.52 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: other alcohols
0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: spirits
2.78 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: total
3.77 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Alcohol consumption per capita: wine
0.46 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
People and Society: Birth rate
10.24 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Child marriage: men married by age 18
0.4% (2016)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 15
0% (2016)
People and Society: Child marriage: women married by age 18
5.3% (2016)
People and Society: Children under the age of 5 years underweight
2.6% (2016 est.)
People and Society: Current health expenditure
9.32% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Currently married women (ages 15-49)
61.5% (2022 est.)
People and Society: Death rate
9.6 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: elderly dependency ratio
24.3 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: potential support ratio
4.1 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio
50.4 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Dependency ratios: youth dependency ratio
26.1 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Drinking water source: unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP)
2.4% of GDP (2023 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% national budget)
8.7% national budget (2025 est.)
People and Society: Education expenditures
2.44% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Ethnic groups
Armenian 98.1%, Yezidi 1.1%; less than 1%: Russian, other, Assyrian, Kurd, Ukrainian, Greek (2022 est.)
People and Society: Gross reproduction rate
0.8 (2025 est.)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
12.3% of GDP (2021)
People and Society: Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
6.5% of national budget (2022 est.)
People and Society: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
0.40% (2024 est.)
People and Society: Hospital bed density
4.2 beds/1,000 population (2023 est.)
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: female
10 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: male
13.1 deaths/1,000 live births
People and Society: Infant mortality rate: total
8.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
People and Society: Languages: Languages
Armenian 97.2%, Russian 1.4%, Ezidian 1.0%; less than 1%: other, unknown (2022)
People and Society: Languages: major-language sample(s)
Աշխարհի Փաստագիրք, Անփոխարինելի Աղբյւր Հիմնական Տեղեկատվւթյան. (Armenian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: female
81.7 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Life expectancy at birth: male
75.1 years (2024 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: female
99.9% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: male
99.8% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Literacy: total population
99.84% (2023 est.)
People and Society: Major urban areas - population
1.095 million YEREVAN (capital) (2023)
People and Society: Maternal mortality ratio
19 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
People and Society: Median age: female
40.3 years
People and Society: Median age: male
37.6 years
People and Society: Mother's mean age at first birth
25.2 years (2019 est.)
People and Society: Nationality: adjective
Armenian
People and Society: Net migration rate
-5.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
People and Society: Obesity - adult prevalence rate
20.2% (2016)
People and Society: Physician density
3.36 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
People and Society: Population
3,033,500 (2024 est.)
People and Society: Population distribution
most of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the capital of Yerevan is home to more than five times as many people as Gyumri, the second-largest city in the country
People and Society: Population growth rate
-0.45% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Population: female
1,511,995
People and Society: Population: male
1,451,842
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: rural
rural: 84.6% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: total
total: 94.4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: rural
rural: 15.4% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: total
total: 5.6% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: Sanitation facility access: unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): female
14 years (2023 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): male
14 years (2023 est.)
People and Society: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total
14 years (2023 est.)
People and Society: Sex ratio: 0-14 years
1.1 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 15-64 years
0.99 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: 65 years and over
0.71 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: at birth
1.07 male(s)/female
People and Society: Sex ratio: total population
0.96 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: female
1.6% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: male
47.6% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Tobacco use: total
21.5% (2025 est.)
People and Society: Total fertility rate
1.70 children born/woman (2024 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: rate of urbanization
0.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
People and Society: Urbanization: urban population
65.81% (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: IDPs
4 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees
145,354 (2024 est.)
Transnational Issues: Refugees and internally displaced persons: stateless persons
373 (2024 est.)
Transportation: Airports
11 (2025)
Transportation: Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
EK
Transportation: Heliports
1 (2025)
Transportation: Railways: total
686 km (2017)
Warning: Some information might be outdated or incorrect, please check statistics before using(most of the economical stats are correct, its mostly the Population stats that are incorrect). Some dates are listed but some are missed, if you have any issues please report it to the Github at github.com.